LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN en in 580.5 FB v. 13 pt. 3 no. 1-2 Biology Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from th University. University of Illinois Library L161 O-1096 FLORA OF PERU BY J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE CURATOR, PERUVIAN BOTANY BOTANICAL SERIES FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME XIII, PART III, NUMBER 2 MARCH 18, 1949 PUBLICATION 622 THE LIBRARY or THE PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS FLORA OF PERU J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE GERANIACEAE. Geranium Family Reference: Knuth, Pflanzenreich IV. 129. 1912. Annual or perennial herbs or, less frequently, suffrutescent with opposite or alternate often bistipulate and more or less dentate lobed or divided, rarely entire, leaves. Pedicels axillary, 1- or 2-flowered or flowers subumbellate. Sepals persistent. Flowers hermaphrodite, usually regular with 5 sepals and petals, these rarely 4, or the latter lacking in Rhynchotheca, mostly equal, imbricate. Stamens 2 (3) times as long as the sepals, 10 or by abortion 2, 7, or 9 often 5, alternate ones not antheriferous; filaments rarely completely free. Ovary 3-5(2-3)-lobed, the 5 styles united around a produced axis to form a torus or beak, free at tip with narrow stigmas. Ovules pendulous, 1, 2 or many in each cell. Fruit usually 5 one-seeded carpels that when ripe spring away from the elongate central axis and bear the twisted or coiled styles as "tails" or less frequently these are short, straight and remain attached at tips or the fruit may be even capsular, 5-valvate, the valves not at all caudate. Herbs; carpels revolutely caudate, in fruit "tailed." Stamens with anthers 10; carpel-tails glabrate; leaves often palmately lobed or parted 1. Geranium. Stamens with anthers 5; carpel-tails bearded; leaves usually pinnate 2. Erodium. Shrubs; carpels ecaudate or the beak erevolute. Petals none (or obscure) ; mature fruit 5 caudate carpels. 3. Rhynchotheca. Petals 5; mature fruit capsular with parting but ecaudate valves. 4. Balbisia. 1. GERANIUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs, annual or perennial, in Peru often cespitose and tufted or matted, sometimes diffuse. Leaves alternate or opposite, stipu- late, usually orbicular-reniform, variously palmately lobed or divided. Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic, on axillary peduncles, the sepals and petals imbricate, the former persisting, the latter deciduous and 511 512 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII alternate with 5 glands. Stamens 10 (5), hypogynous, 5 longer alternating with 5 shorter, the filaments basally united if at all. Ovary deeply 5-lobed, 5-carpellate. Styles glabrous within, elasti- cally recoiling when mature and recurving on the 2-ovuled, 1-seeded carpels. The following synopsis was basically compiled before the dis- criminating account of the Mexican species by H. Emery Moore, Jr., Contr. Gray Herb. 146. 1943, came to my attention, but I have followed him in his identification of G. mexicanum and in noting the petal-venation in the few Peruvian species in which this useful character, as he pointed out, has been discernible. Several of the Peruvian species are based upon incomplete material and until the type localities are revisited their interpretation would seem to be largely guesswork; I have therefore preferably retained names that I could identify, restricting the others to their originals. As usual in this work the characters used in the key have been dictated at least in part by expediency. The descriptions are mostly after Knuth. Species of Pelargonium L'HeY. of Africa, similar to Geranium except that the showy flowers lack the five glands and are somewhat irregular, are often cultivated as "Geraniums," and, as in warmer North America, may persist as adventives; for Peru, Pennell 14696 from along the Rio Chillon, Lima, is an example. The "Rose Geranium" of gardens is a Pelargonium and is a source of some geranium oil important in perfumery. Densely cespitose alpines, acaulescent or essentially and forming mats or polsters, or diminutive and imbedded in puna formation. Leaves never argenteously sericeous both sides, rarely strigosely subsericeous, often merely ciliate marginally and on veins or somewhat pubescent beneath. Leaf-divisions all with at least 3 linear segments that are clearly longer than broad G. Humboldtii. Leaf-divisions at least in part entire, broadly lobed or dentate. Leaves completely glabrous, the lobes entire and obtuse or the medial rarely 1-dentate; petals white, not clawed. G. Jaekelae. Leaves more or less ciliate, the lobes usually lobulate or dentate; petals more or less clawed. Leaf-dentations narrow, acute, rarely lacking the lobes then acutish; petals usually tinted G. sibbaldioides. Leaf-dentations broad, obtuse; petals white. G. sessiliflorum. FLORA OF PERU 513 Leaves argenteous to sordid sericeous but the indument always distributed evenly. Indument a tomentulose puberulence or close pilosity that does not extend ciliately beyond the leaf-margins. Petals 7-12 mm. long, usually glabrous. Leaves deeply lobed, the lobes in part 3-dentate. G. sessiliflorum. Leaves shallowly lobed, the lobes entire or obscurely crenate G. Pavonianum. Petals 14-20 mm. long when fully grown. Leaf-divisions broad and mostly entire; petals ciliate basally G. digitatum, G. nivale. Leaf-divisions narrow, mostly parted; petals (known) glabrous. Peduncles to 1.5 cm. long, shorter than the leaves. G. Weddellii. Peduncles 2-4 cm. long but the petioles about as long. G. Staffordianum. Indument a long-sericeous pilosity, many trichomes extending loosely beyond the leaf-margins. Leaf-divisions entire or unequally dentate. Leaves medially to basally parted, the divisions usually 7. G. crassipes. Leaves often less deeply 5-parted G. Lechleri. Leaf-divisions regularly 3-dentate, at least medial. Lateral as middle leaf-divisions mostly or all 3-dentate, subargenteous G. Dielsianum. Lateral leaf-divisions often entire or 1-dentate, very argente- ous G. Ruizii. Loosely cespitose or at least caulescent but the stems sometimes obscurely developed in juvenile or retarded plants. Peduncles 1-flowered, solitary, binate or pseudo-umbellate; plants obviously perennial except for the first species and possibly G. chinchense. Petals, fully grown, 10-16 mm. long (cf. G. scissum). Pubescence more or less spreading and glandular, slightly if at all retrorse, not appressed, the glands sometimes deciduous or sparse G. Stuebelii. 514 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Pubescence more or less retrorse-appressed on stems and peduncles, eglandular, often sparse or minute. Leaves deeply divided, even the cauline at least medially, the segments coarsely dentate or subpinnate, canescent only in G. Raimondii. Peduncles ebracteate, rarely with 1 bract, or bracted at base. Petals at most 12 mm. long; apical peduncles if short solitary or binate. Plants green (G. Stuebelii), G. ayacuchense. Plants canescent G. Raimondii. Petals about 16 mm. long; apical peduncles short, subcymose G. Weberbauerianum. Peduncles bibracteate about medially G. laxicaule. Leaves shallowly lobed, the segments of the upper leaves shortly tridentate or merely crenate. Leaf -lobes crenulate or subentire G. renifolium. Leaf -lobes in part shortly tridentate G. peruvianum. Petals 6-7 (8) mm. long, little exceeding the sepals. Medial leaf-division cuneate-obovate, strongly, even petiolu- lately narrowed to base, this often nearly or quite to petiole G. Mathewsii, G. piurense, G. ayavacense. Medial leaf-division rhomboid-obovate, slightly if at all narrowed to oblongish base, this rarely extending nearly to petiole-apex. Pube'scence eglandular. Peduncles and leaves subequal. G. Smithianum, G. Sodiroanum, G. diffusum. Peduncles 3-5 times longer than leaves G. Harmsii. Pubescence in part glandular. Uppermost leaves deeply 3-parted, the segments sub- entire or tridentate G. huantense. Uppermost as basal leaves about equally and broadly 5-parted, the segments lobulate or unequally dentate. G. chinchense. Peduncles at least in part 2-flowered ; plants often annual, biennial or short-lived perennials (cf. G. laxicaule}. Petals nearly 12 mm. long, usually longer. FLORA OF PERU 515 Leaves, especially the upper sericeous, canescent beneath; petals about 2 cm. long. G. scissum, G. matucanense, G. superbum. Leaves nearly concolor, paler and more pubescent but not canescent beneath; petals 11-14 mm. long. G. mollendinense. Petals rarely if ever 10 mm. long, mostly shorter. Plants perennial (sometimes short-lived); petals usually ex- ceeding sepals or the pubescence mostly retrorse-ap- pressed or usually spreading and glandular above. Pubescence especially above obviously glandular (there may be rarely eglandular states); apical peduncles soon exserted from leaves. G. Killipianum, G. Seemanni, G.fallax, G. patagonicum. Pubescence obscurely if at all glandular or the peduncles short, more or less concealed in the subtending leaves. Pubescence mostly spreading; petals rather obvious; plants clearly perennial. Bracts ovate-lanceolate G. filipes. Bracts linear-subulate G. limae. Pubescence mostly retrorse-appressed; petals small; plants apparently short-lived .G. Herrerae. Plants annual and introduced; pedicels glandular only in the obviously annual G. dissectum,G. carolinianum with petals and calyx subequal. Sepals obviously mucronate or acuminate-mucronate; seeds reticulate; leaf -lobes subpinnate. Peduncles several together or binate; carpels ascending- villous G. carolinianum. Peduncles solitary; carpels spreading-hirsute. G. dissectum. Sepals not at all or obscurely mucronulate; seeds smooth; leaf-lobes triparted. Stamens 10; carpels rugose G. molle. Stamens 5; carpels smooth G. pusillum. Geranium ayacuchense Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 291. 1922. Perennial, with many ascending more or less squarrosely branched stems about 5 dm. high, the indument short, retrorse, the lower 516 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII internodes to 8 cm. long; petioles retrorse-pilose, to 2 cm. long; leaves semiorbicular, retuse at base, often 2.5 cm. wide, pubescent above with minute hyaline trichomes, pilose beneath especially on nerves, palmately 5-parted three-fourths to four-fifths the long- cuneate lobes coarsely 3-dentate marginally, the obtuse semioblong teeth minutely mucronulate; stipules pilose, narrowly lanceolate from base, long-subulate or capillary acuminate; pedicels axillary, ebracteate, 1-flowered, slender, 1.5-6 cm. long, often two from fork of branches; sepals oblong, subhirsute-pilose, 7-8 mm. long with mucro nearly 2 mm. long; petals somewhat cuneate, the few veins sparsely branched toward tip, 12 mm. long, pale rose or whitish (or white with red veins); stamens half as long as calyx, pilose; fruit 18 mm. long, the beak nearly 2 mm. thick, the valves setaceous. Section Rupicola but with no close ally (Knuth). But, except for the larger flowers, it seems to me to be much like G. diffusum at least in Peru, otherwise like G. laxicaule. Ayacucho: In grass steppes and small shrubs above Osno, Prov. Huanta, Weberbauer 5563, type. Pampalca, Huanta to Rio Apuri- mac, Killip & Smith 22214 (det. Knuth, G. Sodiroanum) . Huanca- velica: Shrub woods, 3,300 meters, Salcabamba, Stork & Horton 10290 (det. Standley, G. peruvianum') . Apurimac: Rocky hillsides, 3,600 meters, Stork & Horton 10777 (det. Standley, G. Herrerae). Huancarama, 3,900 meters, West 3750,Cuzco: Damp shady places, Quenco Grande, Prov. Acomayo, Vargas 9747? (det. Standley, G. Herrerae, peduncles in part 1-2-bracted; cf. G. laxicaule). Haci- enda Paucartica, Calca, Vargas 155 (det. Standley, G. diffusum?). Hacienda Churu, 3,500 meters, Herrera 1017; 1027a (both distr. asG. peruvianum). . Geranium ayavacense Willd. ex HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 231. 1822; 213. G. partitum Willd. I.e. Perennial from a thick much-branched root that is crowned by the basal leaves and many diffuse geniculate branching ascending or procumbent stems that are often several dm. long, their internodes as much as 1.5 dm. long; basal petioles 6-10 rarely 15 cm. long, appressed retrorse pilose-puberulent, the leaves somewhat ashy with a very fine indument, orbicular, palmately 7-parted usually to base, the lobes irregularly bi- or tri-lacinulate even medially, the lateral segments often unequal in length, all linear, rather abruptly acuminate, submucronulate ; stem leaves similar, the middle and upper short-petioled but scarcely sessile; stipules triangular-lanceo- FLORA OF PERU 517 late, acutely acuminate, pulverulent; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, ebracteate, 3-10 cm. long, sparsely retrorsely appressed-pubescent; sepals ovate-oblong, slightly acuminate with mucro 1 mm. long, puberulent especially on nerves and long-ciliate toward base and membranous margins; petals obovate, whitish, ex neg. about 10 mm. long or one and one-half times longer than calyx, this exceeding stamens; valves puberulent as the 18 mm. long beak. Written by error "agavacense" and obviously to be corrected to conform to the source of the name. F.M. Neg. 35705. Piura: Ayavaca, Bonpland, type. Huanuco: Wood clearing, Mito, 1740 (det. Knuth, G. piurense). Cani, 3476 (det. Knuth, G. piurense). Open waste land, Pillao, Woytkowski 27, Ecuador; Venezuela. Geranium carolinianum L. Sp. PI. 682. 1753; 54. Annual, the 2 to several dm. high more or less branched sulcate stems puberulent with somewhat recurved trichomes, the lower leaves alternate, upper opposite, reniform-orbicular, subappressed puberu- lent, 5-7-parted nearly to the base, the lobes subpinnatifid with linear obtusish segments; lower petioles 5-10 cm. long; bracts linear- subulate; peduncles short, biflowered or the flowers nearly umbellate; sepals ovate or broader, mucro 1-1.5 mm. long or longer, mostly 5-7 mm. long, accrescent in fruit, the petals as long or slightly longer; valves smooth, nearly setose; seeds favose-punctate. A weedy species of North America said to have been found even to Paraguay and so to be expected. Peru: cf. note above. North America. Geranium chinchense Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 28: 4. 1930. A several dm. tall perennial* (or biennial?), the sparsely branched stems hirsute with rather long spreading trichomes; lower internodes 1-2 dm. long; basal petioles to 2.5 dm. long, hirsute, those of the upper leaves densely so, the trichomes in part glandular; stipules soon marcescent, hirsute margined, 8 mm. long, lanceolate; basal leaves depressed, 5-angled-rotund, 5-parted four-fifths or deeper, appressed pilose on nerves both sides, the main lobe cuneate- rhomboid, the upper lateral two coarsely incised pinnatifid, the lobules minutely mucronulate, those of the basal leaves semiovate, those of the upper lanceolate; peduncles 1-flowered, ebracteate, glandular hirsute, 13 mm. long, not rarely forming in the absence of developed leaves a small cyme; sepals ovate, 5-6 mm. long, 518 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII mucronulate, densely glandular hirsute, the white petals one and a half times longer; fruit about 18 mm. long, the beak 1.5 mm. thick, glandular hirsutulous, the valves sparsely pilose. Section Rupicola (Knuth) but cf. G. huantense. My 1404 sepals 4 mm. long, petals 7 mm. long, the veins branched above only. Huanuco: Chinche, Yanahuanca, 1263, type. Mito, 1404 (det. Knuth). Geranium crassipes Hook, ex Gray in U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 1: 309. 1854; 83. G. muscoideum Knuth, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 567. 1906; 87. G. sessiliflorum Cav. var. lanatum Knuth, I.e. 565, at least as to Peru. Stemless cespitose ashy pubescent perennial, the densely matted plants as much as a dm. in diameter, the sericeous indument extend- ing even to the sepals, only the free part of the stipules pilose, these about two- thirds adnate, 7 mm. long, acutely linear-acuminate; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm. long; leaves scarcely coriaceous, nearly orbicular, 5-6 mm. across, palmately 7-parted almost to base, the acutish oblanceolate lobes similar; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, ebracteate, at most 5 mm. long; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acutish, coriaceous, 3-nerved, 5-6 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide, the inner often longer; petals white, 13-15 mm. long, obovate, ciliate at the somewhat narrowed base, or nearly linear, glabrous as here interpreted; stamens and pistils shorter than calyx, the puberulent beak of the fruit finally one and a half times longer. This is Knuth's description for his species; he referred Hooker's to G. sessiliflorum. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. fig. 14- F.M. Neg. 26373 (G. muscoideum). Junin: Near La Oroya among polster and rosette plants, 4,300 meters, Weberbauer 2619 (type, G. muscoideum). Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped., type. Rocky slope, Huaron, 1148B (det. Knuth, G. sessili- florum var. lanatum). Tarma to Jauja, 4,500 meters, Killip & Smith 21968 (det. Knuth, G. Lechleri). Cobracancha Valley near Cerro de Pasco, 4,200 meters, Grant 7557 (distr. as G. Ruizii). Cerro de Pasco, (Mathews). Geranium Dielsianum Knuth, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 563. 1906; 81. Habit of G. sessiliflorum but densely lanuginose with silvery sericeous indument; petioles 2-3.5 cm. long; leaves reniform-rotund, the largest 10 mm. long by 14 broad, palmately 7-parted to the middle or somewhat farther, the lobes broadly cuneate-obovate, the three middle ones tridentate, the outermost lateral with 1 tooth FLORA OF PERU 519 at the outer edge; stipules about 13 mm. long, more than half connate, pilose marginally, the 5 mm. long free parts acutely acuminate; peduncles solitary, basal, 1-flowered, ebracteate about 8 mm. long, densely lanate; flowers medium, not topping the leaves; sepals ob- long-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, to 7 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, lanate; petals white, 8-10 mm. long, obovate, entire, glabrous even on the claw. Cf. G. sessiliflorum var. lanatum Knuth. G. sericeum Willd., 80, might be sought here but the leaves divided as inG. acaule; Ecuadorean, it is to be expected. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich, I.e. fig. 14. F.M. Neg. 26368. Cajamarca: At Pass Coymolache above Hualgayoc on rocks at 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 3959, type; 272. Geranium diffusum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 230. 1822; 214. A perennial, with many ascending or suberect slender sparsely branched retrorsely subhispid stems 1.5-2.5 dm. tall; middle petioles 2 cm. long, softly spreading pubescent, the uppermost nearly lacking; leaves appressed hispidulous, round-reniform, palmately 5-7-parted, the obcuneate lobes apically trilobulate, the middle lobe often trilaciniate, the lobules all ovate and obtusely mucronulate; stipules lance-subulate, membranous, ciliate, 3-4 mm. long; peduncles axil- lary, solitary, ebracteate, 1-flowered, densely spreading pilose, 2-3 cm. long; sepals elliptic-oblong, about 5 mm. long with mucro 0.5 mm. long, pilose; corolla 10-12 mm. broad, the oblanceolate clawed petals 7 mm. long. The Peruvian material is scarcely typical; Knuth accepted and proposed many segregates perhaps with reason. F.M. Negs. 4776 (Berlin); 35706 (Paris). Without data, Bonpland, type. Cuzco: Colinas del Saxaihuaman, Hen era 1044 (distr. asG. filipes). Near Cuzco, Herrera 2341 (distr. as G. filipes). Calca (Vargas 155; 3222). Apurimac: Sunny space in forest, 3,200 meters, Goodspeed Exped. 10628 (det. Standley, G. tablasense Knuth?). Ecuador. Geranium digitatum Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 28: 1. 1930. Cespitose, forming dense mats as much as 14 cm. across and rarely with a densely leafy stem 1-2 cm. long; petioles about 1 dm. long silvery sericeous as the sepals and the numerous leaves, these 2-2.5 cm. wide, 5-lobed nearly to base, the elongate-oblong minutely mucronate lobes 12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; stipules 15 mm. long, free only 4 mm. where lanceolate, acuminate; peduncles 1-flowered, ebracteate; sepals lanceolate, 10 mm. long, the margins pale, the 520 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII stamens as long; the petals one and a half times longer, violet; fruit 18 mm. long, the beak and valves minutely sericeous. Section Andina; character after Knuth; apparently referable to G. nivale, as an ecological race, robust, caudices long, leaflets much larger, etc. Junin: Limestone outcrops, La Oroya, 3,400 meters, 940, type. Geranium dissectum L. Cent. PI. 1: 21. 1755; 51. Annual, often with several or many spreading or ascending usually retrorse hirsute stems 1 to 5 (or more) dm. long; petioles 3-4 times longer than the basal broadly lobed or parted leaves, the reniform-orbicular middle and upper leaves 5-7-parted nearly to the base, the segments subpinnatifid with linear divisions; peduncles solitary, 2-flowered, the upper ones often shorter than the glandular pedicels; sepals ovate, acuminate, long-mucronate, open and accres- cent to 9 mm. long; petals obcordate, as long as calyx, bearded above claw, typically purple; valves smooth, spreading-hirsute, the seeds regularly and deeply favose-punctate. Widely spread, includ- ing much of South America as Ecuador and Chile. Peru: Will be found in waste places. Generally introduced from Europe and Eurasia. Geranium fallax Steud. Flora 39: 439. 1856; 147. G. tucumanum Knuth, Pflanzenreich IV. 129: 147. 1912? Stems branched, puberulent, rather weak; petioles pilose; leaves 3-5-parted, the lobes 3-6-lobulately incised, setulose-pilose; peduncles mostly 1- rarely 2-flowered, hirsute pilose as the calyx, this with ovate shortly acuminate sepals that are a little shorter than the red petals. Not recognizable from description according to Knuth and scarcely the same as the Tucuman plant, which however was labeled in Herb. Berlin G. fallax. Ex neg. the trichomes seem to be gland- tipped; seems to be G. patagonicum or allied. F.M. Neg. 4780. Puno: Near Tabina, Lechler 1907, type. Geranium filipes Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 569. 1926. Rhizome vertical, 4-5 mm. thick, apically with 2 or 3 slender little-branched erect or ascending densely subretrorse-strigillose stems 1-1.5 dm. high, exceeding the basal leaves, these as the cauline orbicular-reniform, 1-1.5 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, 5-lobed about to middle (lobes trilobulate, rarely entire, the rounded segments mucronulate), membranous, appressed-strigillose above, pilosulous on nerves beneath; petioles 3.5-7 cm. long; stipules linear-lanceolate, FLORA OF PERU 521 5-7 mm. long, acute, merely ciliate; peduncles solitary, very slender, 2-5 cm. long, retrorse-strigillose, 2-flowered; bracts acuminate, glabrous; pedicels pilose, 4-6 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, conspicuously mucronate, appressed hirsutulous, the subtri- nerved slightly glandular, pilosulous; petals 5-8 mm. long, deep pink, few, unbranched, nerves pale; stamens shorter than calyx, filaments ciliolate, anthers 1 mm. long. After Killip, who noted: evidently of section Rupicola, the two other Peruvian species with more numerous ebracteate white flowers, emucronate leaf -lobes; cf. also G. magellanicum Hook, f., 70, and G. limae, 74. Contains a bitter principle used for throat infection, "thrush" (Herrera). Cuzco: Hacienda Churu, Prov. Paucartambo, 3,500 meters, Herrera 1044, type. "Chile-chile," "ujutillo." Geranium Harmsii Knuth, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 559. 1906; 213. Tufted from an elongate horizontal branched rhizome, the branches 1 dm. long or longer, subligneous, 4-5 mm. thick, tortuous and more or less clothed with stipules and old petioles; stems usually many, to 3 dm. long, laxly ascending, pseudodichotomously squar- rose-branched, many-leaved, puberulent; basal stipules lanceolate- acuminate, finally subulate, the medial 4-5 mm. long; basal petioles 4-5 cm. long, the upper gradually shorter, never obsolete; leaves puberulent, all reniform-rotund, the basal 12-15 mm. broad, usually three-fourths to four-fifths regularly palmately 5 (-7) -parted, the cuneate lobes to one-third trilobed, the lateral lobules oblong-ovate, the middle one broader, all obtusish or scarcely mucronulate; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, ebracteate, at anthesis 3 cm. long, finally 5 cm. long; sepals 6 mm. long, gradually acuminate with mucro 1 mm. long, glabrescent within, pilose without, especially margins and toward base, the oblong-ovate retuse white petals scarcely 8 mm. long; pistils and stamens shorter than calyx; beak shortly puberulent. F.M. Neg. 4782. Junin: Among scattered shrubs and small grasses east of Palca, 2,800 meters, (Weberbauer 2451, type); 248. Geranium Herrerae Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 28: 1. 1930. Many-stemmed annual or apparently short-lived perennial, 2 dm. or so tall, more or less sparsely appressed pilose, most densely the pedicels and calyces; basal leaves with petioles about 2 dm. long, the round blades 3-4 cm. wide drying papyraceous, 7-parted to well . OF ILL LIB. 522 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII below the middle, the lobes one-third to two-fifths 3-lobulate-dentate, the anterior lobules rounded and minutely mucronulate; uppermost leaves nearly subsessile; stipules about 8 mm. long, linear-subulate, very acute; peduncles biflowered, 8-20 mm. long; bracts 4, subulate, 2 mm. long; pedicels 1 cm. long; sepals broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, acute, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, the petals twice as long, beautiful carmine, the pilose filaments as long; pistils hirsutulous, the beak minutely puberulent, the valves somewhat appressed- spreading hirsute. Section Chilensia Knuth with the habit of G. pyrenaica and the short small-leaved upper branchlets (Knuth) ; but it suggests strongly G. carolinianum and G. core-core Steud., 75; type not seen. Cuzco: Ollantaytambo, Prov. Urubamba, 3,000 meters, (Herrera 234, type). Near Cuzco, Est. Exp. Kaisa, Vargas 667 (det. Standley, G. peruvianum?) . Arequipa: Water courses, Chachani Mountains, Hinkley 66 (distr. as G. core-core?). Moquehua: Near Torata, 3,100 meters, Weberbauer 7479 (det. Knuth). "Aguja-aguma," "relojito" (both Vargas), "comirachi" (Hinkley). Geranium huantense Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 28: 8. 1930. G. choimacotense Knuth, I.e. 9. A perennial, with many procumbent or scandent furcately branched stems that attain a meter or more, glabrous below, some- what sulcate and retrorse or above more or less spreading subhirsute; petioles to 8 cm. long, densely lanate-hirsute with long more or less spreading trichomes; stipules nearly subulately contracted from an ovate base, 4-7 mm. long; leaves to 5 cm. broad, for four-fifths 3-5-parted, appressed hirsutulous especially beneath on nerves, the lobes rather rhomboid, the two upper lateral deeply pinnatifid with lobules 3-6 mm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, mucronulate; uppermost leaves 3-parted, the acute lobes entire or 1-toothed; peduncles ebracteate, 1-flowered, 18 mm. long, not rarely in small cymes, densely stipitate, glandular as sepals, these ovate-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, membranous-margined with mucro less than 1 mm. long; petals reddish-white, cuneate, with rounded or obtuse apex, about 6 mm. long, veins little-branched; stamens and pistils glandular; fruit 15 mm. long, the valves glabrate, the beak densely glandular. Habit of G. laxicaule Knuth but indument diverse (Knuth). I have included in the description G. choimacotense which as to type seems to me to be at most only a variant or race with smaller leaves, the lobes more evenly dentate, and the pubescence rather less glandular; FLORA OF PERU 523 I choose the name G. huantense as more appropriate. Nearly G. Knuthianum Macbr. Candollea 6: 7. 1934 (G. elongatum Knuth, 209) of Ecuador, that with peduncles in part 2-flowered, fruit beak 2.5 cm. long. Ayacucho: Choimacota Valley, Prov. Huanta, Weberbauer 7579 (type, G. choimacotense) ; same locality, Weberbauer 7619, type. Junin: Near Huancayo, Soukup 2760. Huanuco: Trailing at wood edge, Tambo de Vaca, -4-407 (det. Knuth, G. choimacotense). Geranium Humboldtii Spreng. Syst. 3: 70. 1826; 87. G. acaule Willd. ex HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 231. 1822, not L. or Thunb. G. potentilloides Willd. ex Spreng. I.e. 71, not L'HeV. ex DC. Prodr. 1: 639. 1824. G. multipartitum Benth. PI. Hartw. 166. 1845, at least as to Peru. G. hypoleucum Benth. I.e., fide Knuth. G. multipartitum Benth. var. velutinum Knuth, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 566. 1906? and var. glabrescens Hieron. ex Knuth, I.e. Forming low dense mats from the shortly branching ligneous thick caudex that above may be more or less clothed with the remains of the often filiformly acuminate stipules, these broad and adnate below, 8-10 mm. long; petioles about 1 (-2) cm. long, glabrate; leaves 7-10 mm. wide, glabrous and lustrous above in type and silvery sericeous beneath, but as interpreted, variable in pubescence, orbiculate, 5-7-parted, the divisions 2-5-laciniate nearly to base with thickish linear obtusish segments; sepals ovate-lanceolate and acute or in the Peruvian forms long-acuminate or sometimes mucronulate, about 5 mm. long, puberulent or nearly glabrous; peduncles ebracteate, often only 5-10 mm. long; petals about 7 mm. long; fruit beak in type to 10 mm. long, tomentose, in vars. shorter and glabrous or nearly. In view of the variation accepted by the monographer himself for the species of Bentham it has seemed im- possible to consider the plant of Peru as more than a part of a single species. The Wilkes Expedition specimen, very meager, has leaves appressed-strigose, merely subsericeous both sides, but nearly gla- brous in my collections; fide Knuth the leaves in type are not glabrous as described originally but argenteous-sericeous beneath. F.M. Neg. 4766. Cajamarca: Above Hualgayoc, dense shrub-cactus area, 4,000 meters, (Weberbauer 3990, type, G. multipartitum var. velutinum). Lima: Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped. Huanuco: Wet grassy slopes, petals white or pinkish, 3296 (det. Knuth, G. multipartitum var. glabrescens). Mossy rocky uplands, flowers bright pink or white, Tambo de Vaca, 4401 (det. Knuth, G. multipartitum var. glabrescens). Ecuador. 524 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Geranium Jaekelae Macbr. Candollea 6: 7. 1934; 87. G. minimum Knuth, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 567. 1906; 87, not Cav., 1787. A small densely cespitose nearly completely glabrous perennial, the stemless individual plants only a few cm. across but with shortly branched tuberculate caudex 6-20 mm. thick that is closely clothed above with stipular and petiolar remains just below the many small leaves and flowers; stipules 4-5 mm. long, two-thirds adnate, the free point linear-subulate, very acute; petioles 5-15 mm. long, minutely appressed setulose; leaves semiorbicular or r"eniform- rotund, 5-7 mm. wide, deeply palmately 7-parted, the broadly obo- vate often nearly rotund obtusish lobes entire or rarely the medial 1-3-toothed; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, ebracteate, 5-7.5 mm. long, glabrescent; sepals 5-6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, lanceolate, scarcely acuminate, callose-mucronate, not prominently nerved; petals white, one and one-half times longer than calyx, obovate, entire, not clawed; filaments about half as long as calyx; fruit undescribed. Commemorates in taxonomic botany with exceptional worthiness the work of Annemarie Jaekel (Mrs. A. Hirsch), principal photographer for the Field Museum series of type photos. F.M. Neg. 4789. Junin: Near La Oroya in polster and rosette plant mats, 4,300 meters, Weberbauer 2623, type; 201, 223. Geranium Killipianum Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 34: 144. 1933. Perennial, with many decumbent-ascending pseudodichoto- mously branched stems, these rather densely stipitate glandular- hirsute or -hirtellous as also petioles (lower 4-5 cm. long), peduncles (2-4 cm. long), pedicels (1-1.5 cm. long) and sepals; leaves opposite, appressed pubescent above setose pilose beneath, especially on nerves, deeply but usually not to base 5 (-3) -parted, the lobes coarsely incised, pinnatifid, the middle one 10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, the lateral much smaller; stem leaves short-petioled, those of the uppermost about 1 cm. long; peduncles 2-flowered, most numerous above; sepals ovate, acutely acuminate, 7-8 mm. long, nearly 3 mm. wide at base, 3-nerved, little longer than stamens, the roseate obovate petals about 8 mm. long, the veins nearly free; fruit 23 mm. long, the beak 1.75 mm. thick, glandular-hirtellous as the valves dorsally. Section Mexicana. Apparently with no distinctive character from G. Seemanni, etc. Lima: Rio Blanco, about 3,300 meters, Killip & Smith type. FLORA OF PERU 525 Geranium laxicaule Knuth, Pflanzenreich IV. 129: 209. 1912. Many-stemmed from a nearly naked horizontal rhizome 3-7 mm. thick; stems slender, decumbent or dependent, 5-8 dm. long, little branched, sparsely retrorse-pubescent, the internodes often 1.5 dm. long; stipules lanceolate, acute, membranous, pilose; leaves all alike, the younger as the petioles silvery sericeous, the former in age sparsely appressed pubescent with hyaline trichomes, the latter spreading pilose, the basal very lax and 1.5 cm. long or longer; 'leaf -blades angulate-reniform, irregularly three-fourths or four-fifths palmately 5-parted, the broadly obovate lobes 3-dentate-lobulate, the lobules minutely mucronulate, the middle one often 5 mm. wide and long; peduncles filiform, 8-12 cm. long, retrorse-spreading, pilose, bibrac- teate, uniflowered (so far as known), the lanceolate-linear acute pilose membranous bracts 3 mm. long; pedicels pubescent and eglandular like peduncles, 2-5 cm. long; sepals ovate, 4-6 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, 3-nerved, scarious-margined, densely covered with long hyaline trichomes, mucronate with callus 0.5 mm. long; petals obovate, twice as long as calyx, reddish white; stamens as long as calyx, the styles a little shorter. Allied by Knuth to G. elongatum Knuth, 209, of Ecuador, with densely glandular-hirsute pedicels and sepals. G. holosericeum Willd., 104, probably Colombian, seems from the negatives to be in general similar. F.M. Neg. 4786. Lima: Southwest of Matucana behind the valley Huillacachi at a small waterfall, 3,000 meters, (Weberbauer 187, type). Geranium Lechleri Knuth, Pflanzenreich IV. 129: 80. 1912. G. sericeum Willd. var. microphyllum Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 285. 1857. G. microphyllum (Wedd.) Briq. Ann. Cons, et Jard. Bot. Geneve 11 & 12: 183. 1908, not Hook, f., 1844. Dense cespitose stemless perennial herb forming mats about 5 cm. across that are densely clothed with a rather long silvery lanuginose indument which extends, appressed, even to the sepals; caudex much branched; stipules 5-7 mm. long, to two-thirds adnate, pale, glabrous except ciliate margins, the free portion triqetrous- ovate, acute; petioles about 1 cm. long or one and a third times longer than the leaf blades, these coriaceous, reniform-rotund, the sinus open or suborbicular, deeply but rarely to the base palmately 5-parted, 5 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, the 3 middle lobes rather obovate, the lateral oblong, all obtusish, the middle often toothed or with a lobe, the lateral rarely; peduncles solitary, basal, uniflowered, ebracteate, barely to 1 cm. long, stout; flowers white, medium size 526 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII scarcely exceeding the leaves; sepals 5.5-6.5 mm. long, ovate-oblong, barely acute, hardly twice exceeded by the beak. The type is from great altitudes in the cordillera of Carabaya. F.M. Neg. 4787. Puno: Near Agapata, Lechler 1985. Bolivia. Geranium limae Knuth, Pflanzenreich IV. 129: 74. 1912. Perennial, with deeply set brown often tuber-like root; entire plant to sepals more or less canescent with spreading setulose-pilose indument little if at all glandular, appressed and sparse on the leaves above, patent on the veins beneath; stems 1-several, sulcate, prostrate or ascending-erect, about 3 dm. high, branched at middle; stipules and bracts narrow, acuminate, the former to 5, the latter to 10 mm. long; basal petioles 12-20 cm. long, about five times longer than width of leaves, these angulate-reniform, usually three- fourths 7-palmately parted, 5-6 cm. broad, 3 cm. long, the broadly cuneate lobes to one-third palmately, 2-5-lobulate (usually medially 3-lobulate), the ovate rounded lobules obscurely mucronulate; peduncles usually biflowered, slender, 3.5-6.5 cm. long, long white- pilose; pedicels 7-25 mm. long, most densely pilose beneath calyx; petals roseate or pink, about 7 mm. long, the few veins little branched, the sepals broadly ovate, 6 mm. long, 3-nerved, minutely mucronate; fruit at least 17 mm. long, the beak puberulent, the valves lightly pilose. Typically at least a local "species." F.M. Neg. 26369. Said to be used for toothache. Lima: San Lorenzo, Gaudichaud, type; Wilkes Exped. San Gallen Island, (Murphy 3473; 3474). Barranco, rock crevices, Worth 9117. Lomas Chancay, Raimondi; Ruiz & Pavdn. Lomas de Dona Maria, Goodspeed Exped. 9255. Atacongo lomas, Goodspeed Exped. 9288. Viso, Goodspeed Exped. 11526. Ancash: Lomas de La Chay, among boulders, Goodspeed Exped. 9207. Arequipa: Near Atequipa, Worth & Morrison 15665. "Antaccara," "chili-chili." Geranium Mathewsii Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 11 & 12: 188. 1908; 213. A perennial to about 4 cm. high from a short caudex and with slender striate flexuous procumbent stems that, like petioles (lower 11-40 mm. long) and pedicels (5-15 mm. long), are finely retrorsely puberulent or glabrate; stipules short, lanceolate, scarious; basal leaves to 6 mm. broad, 3-5-parted, the obcuneate segments about 8 mm. wide, often 3-toothed to middle, the teeth narrowly oblong, subacute, ashy green both sides with appressed puberulence; cauline FLORA OF PERU 527 leaves few, reduced, shortly petioled; bracts 10 mm. long, very acute; flowers small, solitary or binate in the axils, the sepals ovate, densely pilose below, more appressedly above, 4 mm. long including mucro 1 mm. long; petals 4 mm. long, obovate, glabrous, the stamens shorter; valves shortly appressed puberulent, 8 mm. long, crowned with the short spreading styles. Type, Herb. Zurich. In habit simulates G. sibbaldioides according to Knuth but the type, merely a scrap, is obviously stemmed, and doubtfully more than a young or poorly developed G. ayavacense or G. piurense, if these are separable. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews, type. Geranium matucanense Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 28: 5. 1930. Perennial, with glabrous or sparsely pilose stout sulcate little branched stems attaining 6 dm. or so, the root a more or less vertical rhizome as much as 2 cm. thick at top; basal petioles about 15 cm. long, all especially the upper as the peduncles (1-2-flowered, 4-12 cm. long) and pedicels (4 cm. long) retrorse appressed pilose; stipules soon marcescent, 7-8 mm. long; leaves 3-5 cm. broad, nearly to base 5(-7)-parted, angulate-rotund, sparsely pubescent above with minute hyaline trichomes, densely silvery or lutescent sericeous beneath, the lobes coarsely incised pinnatifid, the lobules about 9 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, barely mucronulate; bracts linear-subu- late, 4-5 mm. long; sepals oblong, 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, with linear mucro 2 mm. long, closely sericeous; petals deep blue or blue- purple, marginally pilose; stamens and sepals equal length, pilose; gynaecium sericeous. Section Rupicola. Seems to go toG. superbum unless for the pilose petals and stamens, these not described from the latter. Lima: Matucana, 1+62, type. Geranium molle L. Sp. PI. 682. 1753; 57. An annual, typically rather densely pilose with flat trichomes of unequal length; stems soon procumbent-ascending, often many and becoming several dm. long; petioles longer than the reniform leaves, these medially 7-9-lobed, the lobes deeply 3-parted with broad obtuse segments; peduncles 2-flowered; sepals oblong-ovate, acuminate, shortly acuminate and obscurely mucronulate, the ob- cordate petals sometimes twice as long, finely ciliate toward base; valves glabrous but transversely rugose, the seeds smooth. Eurasia and widely spread even to Chile. G. rotundifolium is similar but petals shorter, valves puberulent, seeds reticulate. Peru: To be expected. Eurasia. 528 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Geranium mollendinense Knuth, Pflanzenreich IV. 129: 580. 1912. G. multiflorum Knuth, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 561. 1906; 146 not Gray, 1854. Character in general that of G. Weberbauerianum; leaves from base to apex 2 cm. long, 5-7-parted nearly to base, the apically rounded divisions 3-5-lobulate, the lobules coarsely 3-5-lobulate, the middle one often 5 mm. long, 7 mm. broad, mucronulate, the lobes of the upper leaves much narrower, acute; lower stipules acute; peduncles mostly biflowered, 1.25-2 cm. long, with short spreading pubescence, recurving in fruit; sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, hirsute on the 3 nerves, 3 mm. wide, 6-7 mm. long not counting mucro, this about 1 mm. long; petals 11-14 mm. long, obcordate, emargi- nate, white; mature fruit 2 cm. long, the valves long-hirsute, the beak densely spreading puberulent. F.M. Neg. 4790. Arequipa: Among rocks in the lomas at 400-600 meters near Mollendo, Weberbauer 1579, type. Geranium nivale Knuth, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 563. 1906; 79. Similar in habit to G. muscoideum; leaves 7 mm. long, 10 mm. broad, subcoriaceous, ashy sericeous with a dense indument, pal- mately 5-parted nearly to base, the obovate- or lanceolate-spathulate entire lobes obtusish or rounded and the middle often broader than the lateral and tridentate, the lower lateral sometimes with 1 lobule or tooth; stipules often four-fifths adnate; peduncles 5-20 mm. long; sepals 8 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; petals 14-20 mm. long, long-clawed; fruit 18 mm. long, the valves pilose. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich I.e. fig. 14, page 82. F.M. Neg. 4791. Junin: Between Tarma and La Oroya on limestone rocks at 40 meters, Weberbauer 2533, type. La Oroya, Kalenborn 88. Geranium patagonicum Hook. f. Fl. Ant. 252. 1844-47; 74. G. titicacaense Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 45: 60. 1938. G. tablasense Knuth, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leiden 27: 68. 1915, at least as to Peru. Lax with stems 4-6 dm. long, 3 mm. thick, grayish below with rigid retrorse trichomes, toward the tips these hyaline and more or less spreading; lower petioles 6-10 cm. long, glandular; stem leaves similar to basal but shortly petioled, about 5 cm. wide, appressed pilose-puberulent both sides with hyaline trichomes especially on the nerves, 5-parted nearly to base, the divisions narrowly elongate- rhomboid and subpinnate with scarcely mucronulate acutish teeth; stipules and bracts linear, very acute, the former 8-9 mm. long, the FLORA OF PERU 529 latter 4 mm. long; peduncles 2-4 cm. long, 2-flowered, densely glandu- lar as pedicels (5-7 mm. long), sepals and beak of fruit 4-6.5 mm. long; sepals oblong-ovate with mucro 1 mm. long, the petals 6-8 mm. long (probably still longer), purple or roseate; beak 2 cm. long, valves pilose, seeds punctulate-rugose. This is Knuth's description of G. titicacaense of which he wrote : distinct from G. patagonicum Hook, f. in the dense glandular indument of the upper parts (Knuth). The type was originally referred to Hooker's plant by Knuth him- self, who however describes that as having the broad leaf-segments of G. mexicanum; maybe there is one somewhat variable species. Moquehua: Carumas, 3,000 meters, Weberbauer 7307 (type, G. titicacaense). Arequipa: Ubinas, Raimondi (det. Knuth). Cuzco: Hacienda Pfuyucalla, 3,400 meters, (Herrera 2981, det. Knuth). Cerro de Cusilluyoc, in thicket, 3,000 meters, Pennell 14133 (det. Knuth, G. tablasense). Yucay, Prov. Urubamba, 2,840 meters, Vargas 712 (det. Standley, G. tablasense). Bolivia. "Rebojillo." Geranium Pavonianum Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve, 11&12: 183. 1908; 83. In general like the pubescent form of G. sessiliflorum but densely tomentulose; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long; leaves 5 by 9 mm., 5-lobed scarcely to middle, the lobes entire or slightly tricrenate; peduncles about 2 cm. long; sepals 3.5 mm. long with mucro 0.5 mm. long; petals 6-7 mm. long, 3 mm. broad. F.M. Neg. 26375. Peru(?) : Without data by Pavon in Herb. Delessert, type. Geranium peruvianum Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 21: 316. 1895; 160. Stems sparsely branched, ascending, hirsute-pilose with spreading or subreflexed trichomes; lower petioles to 4 cm. long, hirsute; leaves hirsute-pilose both sides, the lower cordate-orbicular, 7-lobed with cuneate apically tridentate lobes, the terminal teeth broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, the narrower more elliptic lateral acutish; basal leaf (one known) 1 cm. long, 18 mm. wide, ultimate depth of upper sinus about 5 mm.; stem leaves smaller, 5-lobed, similar, or the lowest lateral lobes entire or with a tooth or lobule; peduncles apparently all axillary, 1-flowered, bibracteate at base, the bracts like the narrow scarious stipules, or ebracteate, 1.5-6.5 cm. long; sepals 3-nerved, oblong, 8-10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, hirsute, ob- tusish, mucronate; petals obovate-cuneate, clawed, truncate, about 5-nerved, the veins flabellately branched, said to be about 16 mm. long including the 4-5 mm. long claw, 7 mm. wide below the apex; 530 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII filaments cilate at base; fruit about 7 mm. long, the hirsute valves 4 mm. long, the glabrous beak about 3 mm. long. The negative of the scrappy type shows much smaller flowers than described, actually only about 12 mm. long but maybe not fully grown; in this case the species may be compared with the probably distinct G. Weberbauer- ianum, or if smaller-petaled with the glandular G. Stuebelii or eglandular similar G. ayacuchense or G. Raimondii. Therefore until again collected it may best be restricted to type. F.M. Neg. 4792. San Martin: Between Pacasmayo and Moyobamba, Stuebel 51 d, type. Geranium piurense Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 290. 1922. Much like G. ayavacense; stems about 2 dm. long; internodes 2-3(8) cm. long; lower petioles to 5 cm. long, all nearly filiform; leaves 2-3 cm. wide, 5-7-parted to base; stipules long-acuminate from base to filiform tip; peduncles 1.5-3(6) cm. long; sepals 5.5-7 mm. long; petals spathulate, two times longer than calyx, early red- dish white, finally white with purple red veins; fruit 15 mm. long, the beak ashy puberulent, the valves glabrate with a few dorsal setae. Peraffine G. ayavacense (Knuth), and doubtfully ex char, distinct, especially as from same region. Piura: Above Ayavaca, grass steppes and small shrubs, Weber- bauer 6374, type. Geranium pusillum Burm. f. Spec. Geran. 27. 1759; 48. Puberulent annual, the trichomes all about the same length; stems many, ascending or procumbent, sometimes elongate; leaves reniform, more than medially 7-9-lobed, the lobes scarcely a third 3-parted, with ovate obtuse teeth; basal petioles elongate; peduncles biflowered; sepals oblong-ovate, acuminate but little mucronulate; petals narrowly obcordate, barely or not longer than calyx, purple, finely ciliate at base; valves and seeds smooth. Another annual that is widely spreading over the world and so probably to Peru. Peru: See above. Eurasia. Geranium Raimondii Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 28: 9. 1930. G. canescens Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 286. 1857; 215, not L'He"r., 1787. Cespitose, nearly all parts ashy tomentose, the shortly branched caudices clothed with the remains of the thick petioles; flowering stems unequal, erect, sparsely branched; leaves at least 15 mm. wide, mostly basal, long-petioled, densely tomentose both sides, rotund, FLORA OF PERU 531 deeply 7-lobed, the imbricate obovate-cuneate lobes 3-lobulate, the lobules broadly ovate, obtuse; free part of stipules linear-subulate, puberulent or glabrate; peduncles long exceeding petioles, 1-flowered, ebracteate; flowers rather large (ex neg. 10-12 mm. long), white, the much shorter sepals 8 mm. long, lanceolate, slenderly mucronate; beak about 8 mm. long, pubescent. To judge by the photograph the pubescence is appressed strigose rather than tomentose; the type is a scrap. F.M. Neg. 4773. San Martin (?): Between Cajamarca and Chachapoyas, 3,600 meters, Raimondi, type. Geranium renifolium Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 21: 315. 1895; 158. With the habit of the related G. Stuebelii but much less pubescent and not at all glandular; basal petioles 2.5 cm. long, appressed sericeous-pilose, the 7-lobed reniform leaves above sparsely beneath lightly hirsute or glabrate, the truncate-rounded lobes usually entire; stem leaves similar, 3-7-lobed, smaller; peduncles 2.5 cm. long, reflexed sericeous; sepals 6.5 mm. long; stamens unequal, the longer 6 mm. long. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich I.e. fig. 21. San Martin: Above Tambo Mayo between Pacasmayo and Moyobamba, Stuebel 43, type. Geranium Ruizii Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 20: Beibl. 49: 31. 1895; 81. Habit of G. Lechleri; pubescence shorter, appressed sericeous; petioles to 15 mm. long; leaves 7-parted to about the middle, to 5 mm. long, 6 or 7 mm. wide, the lobes entire or often with a tooth; sepals about 6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, mucronulate, glabrous above; petals cuneate, long-clawed, obtuse, 10-11 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 5-nerved; filaments and pistils about 5 mm. long; petal claw ciliate at base in my collection; fruit about 12 mm. long, hirsutu- lous. Knuth suggests perhaps not specifically distinct. Used as an astringent for the gums. Junin: Morococha, (Raimondi, det. Knuth). Huancavelica: (Raimondi, fide Knuth). Lima: Grassy upland slope, Rio Blanco, 7184 (det. Knuth). Geranium scissum Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 28: 4. 1930. Perennial, with many ascending-suberect stems branched only above 5-10 cm. where repeatedly forked attaining about 3 dm.; stems, petioles (the lower often 4 cm. long, the upper leaves nearly 532 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII subsessile) and peduncles more or less hirsute; leaves angularly rotund, about 3 cm. wide, appressed hirsute above, the nerves there prominent, three-fourths or in the upper leaves four-fifths 5-parted, the lobes cuneate-narrowed below the middle, remotely pinnate- incised with oblong minutely mucronulate lobules; stipules linear above, very acute, 8 mm. long; peduncles 1-flowered, ebracteate, 2 cm. long, very hirsute beneath the calyx, this with ovate-oblong glaucous green sepals 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, the petals 2 cm. long, broadly obovate from a narrowed base, apparently pale; filaments somewhat hirsute below; the gynaecium densely sericeo-hirsute basally. Probably ex char, should be included in G. superbum; peduncles always 1-flowered? Cuzco: Hacienda Churu, Paucartambo, (Herrera 1916, type). Geranium Seemanni Peyr. Linnaea 30: 66. 1859; 197. G. mexi- canum HBK. var. minoriflorum (Briq.) Knuth & var. macranthum (Briq.) Knuth, Pflanzenreich IV. 129: 197. 1912 fide Moore, Contr. Gray Herb. 146: 84. 1943. Perennial, the root sometimes woody, the stems at first erect elongating to as much as 10 dm., branching-ascending in age, gla- brate to densely long-pilose-hirsute with flat trichomes, the long basal petioles, these to 2 dm. long, and the ample leaves, especially on nerves beneath, similarly pubescent or the indument above ap- pressed; leaf-divisions 5 nearly equal and extending one-half to two- thirds to base, cuneate-obovate and twice cleft or dentate or shallowly so above, the middle division with short oblong obtuse segments; stem leaves similar but puberulent and long-pubescent, 2-6 cm. wide, 3-lobed, the segments dentate or cleft above the middle, the middle one broadly rhombic the latter with a basal lobule; peduncles 1.5-3 or 4 cm. long, pubescent like the leaves and usually somewhat glandular, 2-flowered, solitary from the upper axils or cymose at the branchlet tips, the pedicels 3-10 mm., pilose or glandular, erect in fruit; sepals 4-5 mm. long, awned; petals 6-8 or sometimes nearly 10 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, usually tinted, rarely nearly white, pilose or glabrate at base the veins nearly free except near the tip; fruit 17-22 mm. long, style beak 1.5-2 mm. long, column hispidulous and usually glandular, the carpels long-hirsute, the seeds reticulate, usually shallowly. Weberbauer noted stems as long as 3 meters. After Moore, who recognizes the closely allied G. subulato-stipulatum Knuth, 199, G. guatemalense Knuth, 200, and other segregates. However I can only cite the following collections here since deter- FLORA OF PERU 533 mined by Knuth as G. mexicanum var. minor "iflorum. It is amazing to me that monograph students so often, as here, treat a widely distributed species-complex as constituting an areal problem. Cuzco: Ollantaytambo, Cook & Gilbert 717 (det. Knuth). Puno: Sandia, (Weberbauer 640, det. Knuth). Huanuco: Waste land, Pillao, Woytkowski 115, Mexico. "Chepu-chepu" (Cook & Gilbert). Geranium sessiliflorum Cav. Diss. 4: 198. pi. 77. 1787; 83. G. caespitosum Walp. Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. -Carol. 19: Suppl. 1: 315. 1843, fide Knuth. G. razuhillcaense Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 28: 2. 1930? Cespitose and branched caudices crowned by the many leaves, crowded stipules (these a cm. or two long), solitary and rather showy white flowers on retrorsely pilose often silvery sericeous, sometimes lanate peduncles a half to 2 cm. long; petioles 1-8 cm. long, typically somewhat pilose; leaves nearly glabrous except for the nerves and cilia or densely appressed puberulent or sericeous both sides (rarely very shortly), often irregularly reniform, deeply 5-7-parted the medial of the usually tridentate lobes rounded or a little elongate and subpinnatifid; sepals oblong, acute, hirsute, 4-5 mm. long, the oblong petals usually glabrous, one and a half times longer; fruit (8) 15 (-17) mm. long, valves pilose, beak puberulent. A charac- teristic polster plant of the high punas and grass steppes between 3,400 and 3,600 meters. G. sericeum Willd. of Ecuador, similar, has 5-7-parted leaves, the lobes medially or basally 2-5-laciniate, pubescence rather loose; G. ecuadoriense Hieron., 86, leaves of G. sericeum but indument appressed. The indument of Knuth' s species of 1930, I.e., according to him "probably a variety but with entirely different habit and indument" is short, nearly velvety; it can be scarcely more than a variant, in which case it may be given a simpler name, for instance var. albatum Macbr., var. nov. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich I.e. fig. 15, page 84 after Weberbauer, page 202. Cajamarca: Above Ocros, Weberbauer 224. Lima: Banos, Al- pamarca, (Maclean, Pickering). Chicla, (Weberbauer 255, in part). Hacienda Arapa near Yauli, (Weberbauer 363}; 221. Bunch grass slopes, Rio Blanco, 808; 29? '4; 3006 (all det. Knuth). Viso, 608 (det. Knuth). Ancash: Pass Chonta, (Weberbauer 2775}. Junin: Tarma to Oroya, (Weberbauer 2549). Huaron, 1148 'A (glabrate, det. Knuth). Above Tarma, 4,500 meters, Kittip & Smith 21971 (det. Knuth). La Oroya, Kalenborn 80. East of Huancayo, 3,400 meters, Stork & Norton 10217 (det. Standley). In puna grass, 4,500 meters, 534 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Prov. Huancayo, Stork 10939 (det. Standley, G. cucullatum); also Soukup 1863 (distr. as G. Ruizii). Huancavelica: East of Surcu- bamba, 3,100 meters, Stork & Horton 10383 (det. Standley). Ayacucho: Mount Razuhuillca, small flat cushions in puna, 4,400 meters, Weberbauer 7495 (type, G. razuhilkaense) . Cuzco: Prov. Cercado, (Gay}. Saxaihuaman, Herrera 2383. Pucara, Puno to Cuzco, Prov. Paruro, Vargas 846. Prov. Quispicanchis, Vargas 926 (det. Standley, G. filipes); (Weberbauer 410); 185, 203. Puno: Suchez to Poto, 4,600 meters, (Weberbauer 1003a); 219. Araranca, 4,100 meters, Pennell 13439 (det. Johnston). Moquehua: Volcano Tacsani, Weberbauer 7326. Tacna: (Meyen, det. Knuth). To Pata- gonia; also in Tasmania and New Zealand. Geranium sibbaldioides Benth. PI. Hartw. 166. 1845; 88. G. cucullatum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 231. 1822, not L. G. ciliatum Willd. ex Spreng.-Syst. 3: 71. 1826, not Cav. and others. Closely to rather laxly cespitose from a long-produced rhizome, the caudices to 7 mm. thick supporting mats 5-7 cm. in diameter; petioles puberulent, 2-3 cm. long, with reflexed trichomes; leaves many, basal, typically glabrous except the definitely ciliate margins, round-reniform, 9-15 mm. broad, palmately 5-parted to base, the lobes 3-parted about one- third, these segments oblong or the medial broader, all acutely mucronate, the outer two lobes often entire, acute, oblong-lanceolate; stipules to 8 mm. long, the free parts glabrous, membranous, acuminate-aristate; peduncles solitary, 1- flowered, often ebracteate, nearly filiform, little longer (not at all, my spec.) than the leaves, more or less densely reflexed hirsutulous; sepals oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous, about 5 mm. long; petals obovate, unguiculate, violet-red (apparently sometimes white), with 3 or 5 more deeply colored nerves (in my 2191, 7 mm. long); beak of fruit finally 1 cm. long or, fide Knuth, barely one and a half times longer than calyx, pulverulent. After Knuth; I have not seen Bentham's plant. Var. elongatum (Wedd.) Macbr. Candollea 6: 7. 1934, G. cucullatum HBK., var. elongatum Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 285. 1857, has strongly elongate prostrate branches the leaves pubescent both sides, smaller and known as yet from Colombia; Weberbauer 6083 with subentire leaf lobes is a variant of it or dis- tinct. But it agrees better otherwise with negative of HBK. type than any other Peruvian specimen seen. Illustrated, Pflanzenreich I.e. fig. 14e. F.M. Neg. 35704 (G. cucullatum). Piura: Huancabamba, 3,000 meters, Weberbauer 6083 (var.). Amazonas: Chachapoyas to Moyobamba, (Raimondi, det. Knuth). FLORA OF PERU 535 Huanuco: Northeast of Huanuco, grassy hillside, 3,500 meters, 2191, det. Knuth. Junin: West of Huacapistana in rather swampy places, 3,500 meters, (Weberbauer 2251). Cuzco: Province del Cercado, (Gay, fide Weddell). Geranium Smithianum Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 34: 146. 1933. Diffuse, the ascending appressed pubescent stems 3-6.5 dm. long, the middle internodes 5-10 cm. long; lower petioles 7 cm. long the upper gradually shorter, all appressed retrorse pubescent; leaves above sparsely and very shortly puberulent, more densely so beneath and marginally, reniform-orbicular, 2.5 cm. wide, usually 5-parted to base, the lobes broadly cuneate and variously incised, the medial coarsely pinnate with about 5 oblong segments 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, the outer with 3-4 segments; stipules narrowly lanceolate, acute, 4-6 mm. long; peduncles ebracteate, 1-flowered, 1.5 cm. long, ashy subsericeous with retrorse appressed trichomes; sepals oblong- ovate, acutish, (4.5) 5.5 mm. long, scarcely nerved, marginally and basally long white hirsute, slightly exceeding stamens and pistils; petals obovate, 7-8 mm. long, with few nearly unbranched veins, rose or whitish; beak about 13 mm. long, 1.5 mm. thick, puberulent, the valves pilose. Section Diffusa; affine G. Sodiroani (Knuth) ; and seems also to resemble G. ayacuchense, but flowers smaller. Lima: Rio Blanco, 3,300 meters, Killip & Smith 21769, type. Ayacucho: Pampola, 3,000 meters, (Killip & Smith 22213; 23248, both det. Knuth). Geranium Sodiroanum Knuth, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 557. 1906; 210. G. diffusum HBK. var. subsericeum Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 20: Beibl. 49: 32. 1895. Character in general that of G. diffusum and allies but the petioles mostly about the same length, 2-5 (8) cm. long and the peduncles distinctly longer; leaves more or less pubescent only beneath, 15-32 mm. wide; stipules nearly hirsute, 4-6 mm. long; sepals 4.5-5.5 mm. long, almost as long as the white petals; stamens half as long as calyx, the fruit two and a half times longer, the valves pilose, the beak puberulent. Seems probably only a form or variety along with other segregates. Illustrated, Knuth, I.e. page 211. Lima: Chicla, stony places among short plants, Weberbauer 255; 169. Ecuador. 536 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Geranium Staff ordianum Knuth, Repert. Sp. Nov. 40: 216. 1936. Cespitose from a long simple vertical root that supports a mat as much as 8 cm. wide, silvery sericeous with closely appressed trichomes even to the sepals except for their membranous margins; petioles 3.5-5 cm. long; leaves orbicular, 1.5-1.75 cm. wide, to two- thirds 5-7-parted, the lobes mostly deeply 3-lobulate with ovate or oblong obtusish lobules 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; peduncles solitary, ebracteate, 2-4 cm. long; sepals long-oblong, 8 mm. long, equaled by the stamens, nearly 3 mm. wide with mucro 1 mm. long; petals to 18 mm. long, somewhat retuse; fruit twice as long as sepals, the beak 2 mm. thick. Distinctive in section Andina in the long peduncles and the large flowers (Knuth) ; the description reads much like that of G. Weddellii in a more luxuriant state. Cuzco: At 4,000 meters, (Stafford, type, in herb. Kew). Geranium Stuebelii Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 21: 316. 1895; 159. Diffuse, procumbent, the flowering branches ascending, the hirsute pubescence dense and the trichomes in part gland tipped often deciduous or sparse except on the sepals; petioles 3-10 mm. long; leaves reniform, about 13 mm. by 2 cm., 5-lobed to the middle or deeper, the terminal lobe a trifle larger, tridentate or rarely entire, the lateral lobes entire or the upper of these tridentate, the lowest with one tooth on the lower edge ; stipules scarious, ciliate, hirsutulous both sides, narrowly ovate, acuminate; peduncles 3.5-4.5 cm. long, after an thesis recurved, the flowers nodding even in bud; sepals oblong, obtusish, mucronate (as leaf-lobes), 9 mm. long, about a third as wide, 3-nerved, green except the narrow margins, the outer densely the inner sparsely hirsute; petals obovate-cuneate, clawed, obtusely emarginate, 5-nerved, about 12 mm. long, half as wide; stamens subequal, dilated at the ciliate base, 5 mm. long; pistils 6 mm. long; valves hirsute. Flowers white, turning rose. G. chil- loense Willd., 146, of Ecuador would be sought here; it has larger leaves with the divisions in part subpinnate. Illustrated, Pflan- zenreich I.e. fig. 22. San Martin: Above Tambo Mayo between Pacasmayo and Moyobamba, Stuebel 43a; type. Amazonas: Above Balsas, (Rai- mondi 1793, det. Knuth). Cajamarca: Near Chota, 2,500 meters, prostrate, Stork & Horton 10040 (det. Standley, G. bolivianum) . Near. Conchan, Prov. Chota, 2,500 meters, Stork & Horton 10062 (obscurely glandular, det. Standley, G. chinchense). Lima: Above FLORA OF PERU 537 Obrajillo, 3,100 meters, rocky canyon, Pennell 14417 (det. Knuth, G. choimacotense'). Huaros, rock slide, diffuse, Pennell 14718 (det. Johnston, G. bolivianum). Geranium superbum Knuth, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 561. 1906; 140. Stems 1-4 from a subligneous stout rhizome, simple below but 3-10 cm. above the base pseudo-dichotomously branched, ascending, 2-5 dm. high, retrorsely appressed pubescent to tip; basal leaves early many, the retrorsely pilose petioles 5-10 cm. long; leaves appressed pubescent above, sericeous beneath, reniform-rotund, the lobes coarsely palmate-pinnatifid, the segments linear-oblong, acut- ish, reddish-brown callused ; stem leaves similar but gradually shorter petioled; stipules subulate, 6-7 mm. long; peduncles biflowered (rarely 1-flowered), bracteate, 6-10 cm. long, sparsely retrorse- pilose; bracts linear-subulate, very acute, 5 mm. long; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; sepals oblong or ovate-oblong, rather densely ashy pilose, 10 mm. long with reddish mucro 1.5 mm. long; corolla 3 cm. broad the broadly obovate petals 16-21 mm. long, scarcely emarginate; stamens shorter than calyx; valves long appressed pilose, the beak spreading puberulent. G. rupicolum Wedd., 148, of Bolivia has leaves more sparsely pubescent above, peduncles 1-flowered, ebracte- ate. F.M. Neg. 4798. Lima: Between Puente de Arichi and Chicla, grassy brook shore, 3,500 meters, Weberbauer 259, type; 169. Rio Blanco, Killip & Smith 21758. Geranium Weberbauerianum Knuth, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 556. 1906; 145. Stems many, 2 dm. high or higher, a little taller than the basal leaves, pseudo-dichotomously squarrose-branched, softly puberulent as petioles (the basal 7-17 cm. long), former emarcidate ones densely crowning the thick vertical rhizome; leaves appressed puberulent and beneath on the nerves densely long ashy-pilose, 4 cm. broad and long, 7-angulate-orbicular, deeply palmately 7-parted, the more or less broadly rhomboid lobes unequal, the larger middle one 25 cm. long, 17 cm. wide, all coarsely palmately pinnatifid with obtuse or rounded segments, the middle often 3-4 mm. long and broad or larger; stem leaves similar but shorter petioles, the uppermost nearly sessile; stipules linear-acuminate, puberulent; peduncles 1-flowered, ebracte- ate, either solitary from the axils of branches or pseudo-umbellately crowded toward the branch tips, 2-5 cm. long, ashy pilose; sepals 8-9 mm. long, lanceolate or nearly linear-lanceolate, acutely acumi- 538 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII nate, the membranous margins and midnerve long setose-pilose; corolla 15 mm. broad, whitish, with deep colored nerves, the lanceo- late-obcuneate petals barely emarginate, 16-18 mm. long; fruit 14 mm. long, the beak minutely puberulent; seeds nearly glabrous dor- sally. Easily recognized by the globose habit, the stems below strictly pseudo-dichotomously branched, the flowers above pseudo- umbellate while the lower are solitary, the leaf-segments rounded apically (Knuth). Cf. G. ayacuchense. F.M. Neg. 4801. Cuzco: At Pucana, rocky canyon in limestone, 3,700 meters, Weberbauer 450, type; 186. Yucay, 3,000 meters, Soukup (distr. as G. peruvianum) . Geranium Weddellii Briquet, Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 11 & 12: 183. 1908; 80. Compactly cespitose, the stout somewhat branching caudex a cm. in diameter or larger, the vegetative portion of the plants rarely more than 2 or 3 cm. above the surface with the large flowers barely equaling or shorter than the closely sericeous 5-parted leaves, these deeply and narrowly trilobulate with obtuse segments; petioles slender, 1-1.5 cm. long; stipules 6-9 mm. long, long-adnate, finally glabrous; peduncles many, solitary, ebracteate, 1-1.5 cm. long; sepals oblongish, minutely mucronulate, often reddish, lightly puberulent, 7 mm. long, the stamens about as long; petals finally about 15 mm. long, glabrous in Soukup spec.; fruit beak nearly 1 cm. long, appressed sericeous-pilose. F.M. Neg. 26382. Puno: Macusani, 4,336 meters, Soukup 537 (distr. as G. Lechleri?). Bolivia. 2. ERODIUM L'H