m:}^^0^ ''^\ W'' ■^^..^ . ii r- : "'r^* ^Hy ■--'"'' -:^ ■-■■■ r^y'-t^^^'^^'f /»- ■, ■■v-*.'v;.V'>;-'.} ■■■■ ^r-' -^^■'■\'^:^i\^' .. >fi-. i^< V- ■.. -»,;.■; -f VI '.-;i-^ {^'^. ■'■■■■ '■ ■ lA'Ui^i ^m ¥>'^ 1 w ?4 '-.'-,' '■..'•"-• ' ^>l>^' S^"; ■':'*'-'' i^',^:'' ■I- '^^ ; . ^* *-^^' -- '\ '■ r''"%*.-'" ^v i'lA. ^ THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA, \)00 INCLirrUNG p^Jy CEYLON AND BURMA. pcblished under the authority of the secretary ob State for India in Council. EDITED BY A. E. SHIPLEY, Sc.D, Cantab., HON. D.Sc. Princeton, F.K.S. ASSISTED DY GUY A. K. MARSHALL, F.Z.S., F.E.S. I OA c^/Y^ io\i< , WA^Ucvm Cf ORTHOPTEEA. (ACEIDIIDJE.) BY W. F. Iv 1 11 B Y, F.L.S., F.E.S LONDON: TAYLOR ANJ) FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. CALCUTTA : THACKER, SPINK, & CO. BOMBAY : THACKER & CO., LIMITED. BERLIN : E, i'RIEDLANDER & SOHN, 11 CARLSTRASSE. May, 19U. PKINTED BY TATI.OK AND FRANCIS, RBD LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. At the time of Mr. W. F. Kirby^s lamented death the manuscript for the present volume was unfortunately not quite completed. Moreover, there still remained a consider- able amount of undetermined material upon which he was then at work and which doubtless comprised a number of species not enumerated in these pages. It was found impossible to arrange for the inclusion of this matter in the manuscript, and it was therefore decided to include only the species already dealt with by Mr. Kirby, merely adding those previously described species which might have been omitted and filling up various "lacunae." This task was kindly undertaken by Mr. Charles O, Waterhouse^ late Assistant-Keeper of Zoology in the British Museum, and involved the compilation of keys to the genera in all the later subfamilies, as well as specific keys for numerous genera — often a matter of no little difficulty. Mr. Waterhouse has further been good enough to assist in supervising the preparation of most of the illustrations and also in reading the proofs. Apart from the additions indicated and the correction of certain obvious errors, the text is essentially the work of Mr. Kirby, the portions for which Mr. Waterhouse is responsible being enclosed in square brackets. A. E. SHIPLEY. May, 1914. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page Order ORTHOPTERA 1 Faro. AcRiDiiDiE 10 Subfam. 1. Acrydiince 11 Group 1. T r i p e t a 1 c e r i n i. 11 Tripetalocera, Westw 12 1. ferruginea, Westw 12 Birmana, Bnmn 13 1. gracilis, Bvtmn 14 Group 2. CI a d o 11 o t i 11 i . . . . 14 Fieberiana, Kirhij 14 1. pacbyiuerus, Fieh 15 Ueltonotus, Sane 15 1. subcucuUatus, Kirby . . 15 2. gibbiceps, Bol 16 Cladonotus, Sauss 17 1. huuibertiaiius, Sauss. . . 17 2. turrifer, Walk 18 3. latirauius, Ilanc 19 Miieuia, Kirby 19 1. pelops, Walk 20 Group 3. S c e 11 ni e 11 i 11 i . . . . 20 Scelimeiia, Serv 21 1. producta, Serv 22 2. iudia, Hanc 23 3. barpago, Serv 23 4. gavialis, Sauss 24 5. logani, Hanc 25 6. unciuata, Serv 26 7. birmanica, Brunn 27 Abbasia, Kirby 27 1. subserrata, Kirby 28 Page Gavialidium, Sauss 28 1. crocodilus, Savss 29 2. alligator^ Sauss 29 Eugavialidiuiii, Hanc 30 1. hastulatuiii, Kirby .... 30 Criotettix, Bol 3] 1. spinilobus, Hanc 31 2. maculatus, Kirby 32 3. obscurus, Kirby 32 4. tricariiiatus, Bol 33 5. indicus, Bol 33 6. oculatus, Bui 34 7. exsertus, Bol 34 8. subulatus, Bol 35 9. vidali, Bol 35 Acantbalobus, Hanc 36 1. miliarius, Bol 37 2. bispinosus, iJabn 37 3. rufesceiis, Kirby 38 4. inornatus, Walk 39 5. cuneatup, Hanc 40 6. flavopictus, Bol 41 Loxilobus, Hanc 41 1. acutus, Hanc 42 2. baucocki, Kirby 42 3. assamus, Hanc 43 Group 4. M e t r d r i n i .... 43 Systolederus, Bol 44 1. ciuereus, Brunn 44 2. greeui, Bol 45 3. auomalus, Hanc 46 Hancockia, Kirby 46 1. porteiitosa, Kirby 46 Apterotettix, Hanc. . 47 1. obtusus, Hanc 48 Eurymorpbopus, Hanc 48 1: latilobus, Hanc 49 VI SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Lamellitettix, Heme 49 1. acutus, Hanc 50 Mazarredia, Bol 50 1. sculpta, Bol 51 2. converpens, Brunn 52 3. insularis, Bol 52 4. cristulata, Bol 52 5. insequalis, Brunn 53 6. lativertix, Brunn 54 7. insignis, Kirbif 54 8. lugubris, Kirby 55 Xistra, Bol 55 1. stylata, Hanc 56 2. dubia, Brunn 56 Group 5. Aery diiiii 57 Euparatettix, H(mc 57 1. personatus, Bol 58 2. interruptus, Brunn 59 3. scabripes, Bol 59 4. parvus, Hanc 60 Paratettix, Bol *"'(^ 1. balteatus, Walk 61 2. scabftr, Thunb 62 3. vaiiabilis, Bol 62 4. dorsifer, Walk 63 5. cingalensis, Walk 63 6. indicus, Bol 64 7. hirsutus, Brunn 65 8. semihirsutus, Brunn. . . GO Acrydium, Fubr 66 1. atypicale, Hanc 67 2. diiatatum, Be Haan . . 68 3. bipunctalum, Limi 68 4. quadriplagiatum, Walk.. 69 Ergatettix, Kirby 69 1. tarsalis, Kirby 70 Spadotettix, Hanc 70 1. tietclieri, Ha7ic 71 Hedotettix, Bol 71 1 . gracilis, Be Haan .... 72 2. attenuatus, Hanc 73 3. lineifera, Walk 73 Coptotettix, Bol 74 1. latifrous, Brtain 74 2. acuteterminatus, Brunn. 75 3. fossulatus, Bol 76 4. capitatus, Bol 76 5. testaceus, Bol 7/ 6. iuterruptus, Bol 78 Group 6. B a t r a c li i d i i n i . . 78 Saussurella, Bol 78 1. cucuUifera, Walk 79 2. decurva, Brunn •. 79 Subfam. 2. Euniastacinee Page . 80 Group 1. X iph icerini .... 80 Xipbicera, Li7in 80 1. rugifrons, Waterh 81 2. feuestrata, Serv 81 Phyllochoreia, Westic 82 1. unicolor, Weshv 82 2. equa. Burr 83 3. asiua, Burr 83 Scirtotypus, Brunn 84 1. greeni, Burr 84 Orcbetypus, Brunn 84 1. rotundatus, Brunn 85 2. ceylonicus, Karsch .... 85 3. subtruncatus, Brunn. . . 85 Group 2. E r i a n t b i u i 86 Eriantbus, Stdl 86 1. affinis, Westw 87 2. bitidus, Kirby 87 3. guttatus, Westw 88 4. lugubris, Brunn 89 5. defloratus, Brunn 89 6. acutipeunis, Sauss 89 7. flavipes, Sauss 90 8. birniaiiicus, Sauss 90 9. bimibertianus, Sauss. . . 90 Benuia, Burr 91 1. iniiotata, Walk 91 2. obertburi, Bol 92 Group 3. G ompbo m ast a- c i n i 93 Gouipbomastax, Brwm 93 1. auteunatus, Brunn 93 2. constrictus, Brunn 93 Group 4. E r u c i i 11 i 94 Mastacides, Burr 94 1 . pupjeformis, Burr .... 94 2. pterolepis, Burr 95 3. vaginalis, Sauss 95 Subfam. 3. Tryxalince 95 Acrida, StSl 97 1. turrita, Li^in 98 2. gigantea, Hbst 98 1 3. exaltata, Walk 99 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. vu Page 4. lugubris, Burr 99 Acridella, Bol 100 1. nasiita, Linn 100 Aswatthamanus, Kirhy 101 1. cylindricus, Kirhy .... 101 Phleeoba, StSll 102 1. antennata, Brunn 102 2. infumata, Brunn 103 3. angiistidorsis, Bol 104 4. panteli, Bol 104 5. cinctalis, Kirhy 105 Zygophlaeoba, Bol 105 1. siuuatocoUis, Bol 106 2. truncaticollis, Bol. .... 106 Phlasobida, Bol 107 1. angustipennis, Bol 107 Paraphl.ieoba, Bol 108 1. platyceps, Bol 108 2. carinata, Bol 108 3. simoni, Bol 109 Ceraciis, Walk 110 1. nigricornis, Walk 110 2. versicolor, Brunn Ill 3. deflorata, Brunn 112 Mecostetbus. Fieh 112 1. fasciatus, Brmin 113 Gyinnobotbnis, Bol 113 1. indicus, Bol 113 2. simplex, Walk 114 Madurea, Bol 114 1. cepbalotes, Bol. 115 Ochrilidia, Sfdl 115 1. loiigiceps, Bol 116 Dociostaunis, Fieb 116 1. apicalis, Walk 117 2. turbatus, Walk 118 3 mimdus, Walk 119 4. epacromoides. Walk. . . 119 5. dedsus, Walk 120 Stenobotbrus, Fisch 120 l.liiteipes, Walk 121 ^olopus, Kirhy 121 1 . tamulus, Fahr 122 2. affinis, Bol 122 Aiilaoobotbrus, Bol 123 1. strictus, Bol 124 2. socius, Bol 124 3. infernus, Bol 124 4. tpeniatus, Bol 1 25 5. pbysopoda, Nav 125 6. rubripes, Nav 126 Stauroderus, Bol 127 1. bicolor, Charp 127 Cborthippus, Fieb 128 1. dorsatus, Zett 128 Page Subfam. 4. (Edipodints 128 ClilcBbora, Sauss 130 1. grossa, Sauss 1.30 2. braiuina, Sauss 1,31 3. crassa, Walk 1,31 Quiroguesia, Bol 132 1. blancbardiaiia, Sauss. . . 133 Pternoscirta, Sauss 134 1. cinctifemur, IValk 134 2. caliginosa, De Hann . . 135 3. bimaciilata, Thunh 1 36 Morpbacris, Walk 137 1. citrina, Kirhy 1,37 Lerina, Bol .' 138 1. cedipodioides, Bol 138 Ditiopternis, Sauss 139 1 . ceylonica, Sauss 139 2. veniista, Walk 140 3. zebrata, Sauss 140 Heteropteniis, Stal 141 1. respoudeiis, JValk 141 2. partita, Walk 142 CEdaleus, Fieh 142 1. nigrofasciatus, Sauss. . . 143 2. senegalensis, Krauss . . 143 3. abriiptus, T/iunh 144 Gastriniargus, Sauss 144 1. transversus, Thunh 145 Locvista, Li7V} 145 1. niigratoroides, B. & F. . 146 2. danica, Linn 146 Mecistopteryx, Sauss 147 1. rotundata. Walk 148 Trilopbidia, StSl 148 1. annulata, Thunb 149 2. turpis, Walk 149 3. cristella, Stal 150 Bryodema, Fieh 150 1. iuda, Sauss 151 Acrotvlus, Fieh 152 1*. inficita. Walk 152 2. liumbertiaiius, Sauss. . . 153 Spbiiigouotns, Fieh 153 1. cperulans, Li)in 1,54 2. rubescens, Walk 1 5,5 3. saviguyi, Sauss 1,55 4. indus, Sauss 156 5. beiigalensis, Sauss 156 6. longipennis, Sauss 156 7. balteatus, Serv 157 8. gigas, Kirhy 158 Subfam. 5. Batrachotetriyime . . 158 Eremopeza, Sauss 168 Till SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 1. oranulosa, Walk. . . 2. brachycera, Kirbij Page . 159 . 169 Subfani. 6. Pyrgomorphinoi . . . . 160 Chrotogouus, Serv 161 1. pallidus, Blanch 162 2. brevis, Bol 163 8. incertus, Bo/ 163 4. fuscescens, Kirhy 163 5. robertsi, Kirbii 164 6. concavus, Kirby 165 7. tracbj'ptenis, BhuicJi. . . 165 8. liaspis, Blancli 165 9. oxypteius, Blanch 166 10. saussurei, Bol 166 11. brachypterus, Bol 167 12. sordidus, Kirby 167 Aularches, 6YS; . . . . . '. 168 1. miliaris, Liivi 168 2. punctatus, Dntvy .... 169 3. scabiosfe, Fabr 170 Poecilocerus, Stdl 170 1. tessellatus, Bol ]7l 2. sp., Kirby 171 3. pictiis, Fabr 172 4. punctiventris, Serv 173 5. ornatu.'^, Bnrvi 173 Chlorizeiua, Brunn 174 1. imicolor, Brann 174 Pyrgomorpha, Sen) 174 1. conica, Oliv 175 2. bi-achycera, Kirby .... 175 3. bispinosa, Walk 176 Zarytes, Bol 177 1. squalina, Bol 177 Anarchita, Bol 178 1. aptera, Bol 178 Tagasta, Bol 179 1. notata, Bmnn 179 2. indica, ^0/ 180 Atractomorpha, Sauxs 180 1. cremilata, Fabr 181 2. scabra, Thunb 182 3. psittacina, J)e Haan . . 182 4. hnvn,Bol 183 5. himalayica; Bol 183 6. blanchaidi, Kirby .... 184 Oithacris, Bol. ..." 184 1 . filif ormis, Bol 185 2. uiaiudroni, 5o/ 185 3. ruficoruis, Bol 186 4. eleg&ns, Bol 186 5. acuticeps, Bol 187 6. simulans, Bol 188 Colemania, Bol 188 Page 1. sphenarioides, Bol 189 Trigonopteryx, Chaty 189 1. punctata, Charp 190 Subfam. 7. Pamphagina 190 Aspidophvma, Bol 190 1. indica, Bol 190 Subfam. 8. Catantopincp 191 Euthvmia, SW 196 1. kirbyi, Fin 196 2. tinoti, Kirby 197 3. greeni, Kirby 198 Oxva, Serr " 198 1. velox, Fabr 199 2. vicina, Brunn 199 3. intricata, StSl 200 Tarbaleus, Brunn 200 1. cingalensis, Kirby .... 201 Caryanda, Stal 201 1 . sanguineo - annulata, Brunn 201 Hieroglyplius, Krausx 201 1 . bilineatus, Kirhy 202 2. bettoni, Kirby '. 203 3. banian, Fahr 204 4. concolor, Walk 204 5. citrinolimbatus, Brunn. 205 Racilia, Stdl 205 1. aurora, Brunn 205 Cercina, Stdl 206 1. obtusa, Stdl 206 Castetria, Bol 206 1, dispar, Bol 207 Spatbosternuui, Karsch 207 1. prasiniferum, If'alk. . . 208 2. venulosuin, Stdl 209 Oxyrrhepes, Stdl 209 1. extensa, Walk 209 Leptacris, Walk 210 1. filiformis, Walk 211 2. maxima, Karny 211 3. greeni, Kirhy 211 Ischnacrida, Stdl 212 1 . fusca, Karny 212 2. couvergens," Walk 212 3. tarsalis, Walk 213 Pseudocar.sula, Kirby . . 214 1. tenera, Brunn 214 Xenippa, Stdl 215 1 . prasina, Bol 215 Gelastorrhinus, Brunn 216 1 . filatus, Walk 216 2. laticornis, Serv 217 3. semipictus, Walk 217 SYSTEMATIC INDEX, Page 4. albolineatus, Brumi. . . 218 5. selaclie, Burr 218 Lefroya, Kirbxj 219 1. acutipenuis, Kirby .... 219 Wacata, Kirby 219 1. ceylonica, Kirby 220 Mesambria, Stal 220 1 . scabra, Walk 221 2. diibia, Walk 221 3. tarsalis, Walk 222 4. cinctifemur, Walk 222 0. g-eniculata, Stal 223 6. uepalensis, Walk 224 Orthacanthacris, Karsch 224 1. SBgyptia, Linn 225 2. flave.scens, Fnbr 225 3. succincta, Linn 227 4. nigricornis, Bunn 228 5. vinosa, Walk 228 6. violasceiis, Walk 229 7. japonica, Bol , . 229 Cyrtacanthacris, Walk 230 1. rosea, Z)e&' 231 2. rauacea, Stull 231 Schistocerca, Sfal 232 1 . tatarica, Linn 232 Pelecinotus, Bol 233 1. brachypterus, i?o^ 233 2. cristagalli, Bol 234 Teratodes, Brulle 234 1. monticoUis, Gray .... 235 Bibracte, Stal 235 1. rugulosa, Bol 235 Bibi-actoides, Kirby 236 1. punctoria, Walk 236 Alectorolophus, Brunn 236 1. biuiaculatus, Kirby .... 237 Apalacris, Walk ." 237 1. varicornis, Wall: 238 Coptacra, Stal 238 1. ensifera, Bol , 239 Coptacrella, Bol 239 1. martini, Bol 240 Eucoptacra, Bol. 240 1. prfeinorsa, Stal 240 2. ceylonica, lurby 241 Epistauru's, Bol ' 242 1. i\hei-ra.us, Brunn 242 2. siuetyi, Bol. 242 Page Gerenia, Stal 243 1. dorsalis, Walk . 243 2. pustulipennis. Walk. . . 244 3. intermedia, Brunu 244 4. abbieviata, Brunn 244 Traulia, Stal .....' 244 1. dimidiata. Be Haan . . 245 2. cacbara, Kirby 245 Oatantops, Scluunn 246 1. ophthalmicus, Karny . . 247 2. angiistulus, Bol 248 3. acuticercus, Bol 248 4. domiuaus, IFalk 248 5. consobrinus, luirny. . . . 249 6. splendens, Thh 250 7. bumilis, Serv 250 8. interruptus, Bol 251 9. indie us, Bol. 251 10. karnyi, Kirby 251 11. pinguis, Stal 252 12. pulchellus, Walk 252 13. erubescens, Walk 253 Steuocrobylus, Gerst 254 1. femoratus, Bol 254 Navasia, Kirby 255 1. insularis, Kirby 255 Erachyxenia, Ivirby 256 1. scutifeia, Wall; 256 Kripa, Kirby 257 1. undulata, Ivirby 257 C'alopteuopsis, Bol 258 1. insiguis, Walk 258 2. glaucopis, Wallv 259 3. liturifer, Walk 259 4. . punctata, Kirhy 260 Peripolus, Mart 261 1. pedarius, Stal 261 Heteracris, Walk '1^2 1. robust a, Sern 262 2. illustris, Walk 263 3. capensis, Tlxb 263 4. elegans. Walk 264 Tylotropidius, Stal 626 1. varicornis, Walk 255 I'araeuprepocnemis, Brunn. . . 266 1. pictipes, Bol 266 Euprepocnemis, Stal 267 1. alacris, Sen 267 2. pulchra, Bol 268 ORTHOPTERA. The Orthoptera are Insects of moderate or large size, undergoing- an imperfect metamorphosis, the larva and pupa being ot: the same form as the perfect insect, and the pupa (or nymph, as it is often called) being active, and generally differing from the larva in the possession of rudimentary wings.* Fig. 1. — (A) Nymph of Locusfa clanica, L. : r/, costa of wing ; (B) adult Hicroglyphus : b, costa of front wing. The Orthoptera are always provided with strong mandibles, and are almost exclusively vegetable feeders, except the Mantid.e and many Phasgoxdiiid.e, The front pair of wings are called ier/mina, or by some authors eJijtra, and are nearly al\^"ays of a parcliment-like texture (rarely horny, as in the majority of Coleoptera), while the hind wings are membranous. They are most nearly allied to the typical Neuroptera of Linnaeus (the Dragouflies), the Odonata of JFabricius, which some authors have * [These nymph forms cun be distinguished from semi-apterous adults by the wings being inverted, i.e., the costa is uppermost,] 2 INTRODUCTION, proposed to include in the Ortlioptera under the title of Psendo- neuroptera ; the Dragonflies, however, have four membranous wings, generally resembling each other closely, and covered by a network of veins. There are a few small groups of insects which are sometimes included in the Ortlioptera, which are now more usually regarded as aberrant Neuroptera, or else as independent Orders. These are the Thysauoptera, Anoplura, Mallophaga, Thysauura, and Collembola. The Orthoptera proper are divided into seven principal families, of which the first four have the hind legs fitted for walking. They comprise the Forficulid^ or Earwigs, the Blattid^ or Cock- roaches, the Mantim: or Praying Insects, and the Phasmid.ti; or Stick Insects (sometimes called Spectre Insects), The Leaping Oi'thoptera have the hind legs strongly developed, and the hind femora much thickened ; they comprise the Gryl- LiD."E or Crickets, the Phasgonurii>,i: or Long-horned Grasshoppers (often improperly called Locustid.i:), and the Acridiid-T-, the Short-horned Grasshoppers or Locusts. The last family, the one with wliich alone we are here concerned, may generally be recognized at a glance by the short antennae and the 3-jointed tarsi. General Observations. The Order Orthoptera is the least numerous of the great Orders of Insects, with the possible exception of the Neuroptera, and is very poorly represented in England, In the Indian Hegion the species are far more numerous, and sometimes occur in devastating swarms, especially in the north-western regions, which are exposed to the attacks of various species of Migrator}^ Locusts. [Some species are only found in woods, others only in open grass land, and some prefer very rough ground. They deposit their eggs in the ground in masses, covered with a glutinous secretion, A detailed account of the migratory species and their allies, by Mr. H, Maxwell Lefroy, will be found in the ' Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, 190(5, Entomological Series,' vol, i. No, 1, with numerous illustrations. The species refei-red to are : — Acridmm peregrinnm, 01, (Schistocerca tatarica, L., of this work), the North-West migratory locust. Acridiinn snccinctum, L. (OrtJiacanthacris of this work), the Bombay locust. Acridium ceruc/inosum , Barm. (^Cyrtacanthacris ranacea, Stoll, of this work). Acridium melanocorne, Serv, {OrtJiacanthacris nigricornis, Burm., of this work), Pcecilocera picta, E. Demodocus rohustus, Serv. {Heteracris of this work). Hieroghjplms furcifer, Serv. {H, hanian, E., of this work). STllUCTUKE. These are species of large or moderate size, but many of the smaller kinds sometimes occur iu large numbers and do great harm to crops and vegetation ; some preferring particular food- plants, whilst others are almost omnivorous.] Stractio'e. In the AcRiDiiD.Ti the head is usually short and broad. The compound eyes are placed one on each side, and sometimes approximate very closely above. More frequently they are separated by a space as great or greater than their diameter ; and thev are sometimes raised above the level of the rest of the Face of Locuda. Head oi Atractomorjjha. Fig. 2. — (A) Face of Locusta : a, eye, /;, /;, ocelli, c, frontal ridge, d, d, lateral cariin\?, c, c, tempora, or fovcola, f, clypeus, g, labrum ; (B) head of Atractomorphus: h, fastigium, /, i, foveokt. head. The head is usually horizontal, but is occasionally obliquely raised. The extremity carves into the face, or is separated from it by a transverse carina ; not unfrequently it is more or less produced between and beyond the antennas, and this prolongation is called the fastigium. \ The extreme apex of tlie fastigium is sometimes called the scutellum of vcrtex.~\ The antennae are generally placed between or below the eyes. There are usually three ocelli, or simple eyes, the lateral ones 4 INTRODUCTIOX. placed between the eyes and the antenna^ and the middle one on the frontal ridge. The frontal ridfje is the central part of the face. It is generally raised, and bounded by a carina on each side. These carinse often curve outwards above each eye, and below the anteunse they may either run parallel as far as the extremity of the lower part of the face (the chipexis) or they may become obsolete below the level of the antennae, or may diverge, leaving a more or less triangular space. The middle of the frontal ridge is often more or less thickly punctured, and is often deeply grooved; sometimes, however, it is Battened throughout, with the carinae scarcely marked. Under each eye there is frequently another straight or oblique canna, the lateral carina. [On each side, above the antennal socket and between the eye- and the fastigium, there is a space, generally more or less tri- angular, called the tempera, lateral fovece ov foveola;.^ Fis. 3. -Moutb parts oi Locust a : (A) labrum ; (B) mandible ; (C) maxilla ; (D) labiimi : a, galea, b, lacinia, d, paraglossa. The mandibles are strong, pointed or bifid at the extremity, occasionally with a tooth, or several teeth, on the inner edge. [The maaillcv have a fleshy galea, which more or less wraps round the lacinia ; this latter is curved and bifid, or may have three teeth at the apex. The j)rtZ/9i are of moderate length, with five joints. The labium, which in the MANTiDyi5 is extremel}'^ primitive and shows the maxilla-like structure most distinctlv, is much modified in the AcRiniiDiE, the paraglosm' being greatl"}^ developed and the lirjula much reduced. The intermediate form is seen in Agroecia, one of the Phasgonurid.i;. The lahicd pcdpi are simple, and three-jointed. The labnim is leathery in texture and to a considerable extent shuts in the mouth parts.] STRUCTUBB. [For comparison figures of the labium of a Mantis {Ilierodala) iind of a Phasgonurid (Agrcccia) are here given.] Fig. 4. — (A) Labium of Hicrodula ; (B) labium of Jgrcecia, The antennte are comparatively short, with not more than twenty-four joints. The first joint, or scape, is generally stouter and longer than the second, vvliich is often more or less globular, and is sometimes called the ring-joint. The remaining joints form the flagellum • they are sometimes long Fig. 5. — Anteniiffi of (A) Locusia, (B) GompJiocerm, (C) Acrlda. and uniformly cylindrical ; sometimes the flagellum is much thickened towards the base and tapers more or less towards the extremity ; and more rarely the joints of the flagellum are tiattened ; or some of the terminal joints are expanded or even form a club. The pronotum is generally as broad a^ the head, and its front edge sligiitly overlaps it. It is usually truncated or rounded behind, but is sometimes continued into a long process posteriorly, especially in the Acbydiin.e, in which it frequently extends not only beyond the abdomen, but even covers the ^^•hole of the wings. The pronotum above is sometimes flattened, in which case there is generally a central carina and two lateral carinas, [u other cases tlie pronotum is cylindrical and arched above, when the IXTRODUCTION. lateral and sometimes the central carina are absent. Occasionally the central carina is raised into a ridge, or humped, and spines project from the front angles, or from the sides. On the upper surface of the pronotum we frequently meet with three or four transverse depressions or gi'ooves, the position and extent of Fig. •'). — Side view of the pronotum of Criotcitix : a, pronotum, /), tegmen, c, costa of wing. which is of some importance in classification ; as is also the shape of the deflexed lobes on the sides of the pronotum. [When there is a central carina it is sometimes complete, sometimes it is cut by one of the transverse grooves, and in some cases by two of the grooves]. Behind the pronotum we find the mesonotum and metanotum, followed by the nine segments of the abdomen. The first segment Fig. 7. — Side view of pronotum of: (A) Gat^trimarcpm. with central carina cut by one groove ; (B) Bryudema, cut by two grooves. bears a curious structure on each side which is regarded as an organ of hearing. [It consists of a cavity covered by a transparent membrane, filled with liquid, and is connected with a nerve Fiij. 8.- -Side view of the base of tlie abdomen of Schisioccrca, showing: o, the auditory organ. originating in the third thoracic ganglion.] Each segment, except the ninth, is provided with a spiracle on each side. There STEUCTURi;. 7 is frequently a central carina, and sometimes a row of teeth on the upper surface. In the male the 9th ventral segment forms a structure called the s^dx/enital lamina which is often bifid. There are also two terminal appendages called cerci. In the female the last segment bears two upper and t^vo lower lamellae, or valves, which are often dentate, and differ considerably in size and shape. Fig. 9. —Genitalia oi Schisioccrca: (A) cJ, o, supra-anal lamina, h, subfenital lamina, c, c, cerci; (B) 2, a, supra-anal lamina, h, lower lamella;, c, c, cerci, d, d, upper lamella. [Characters of importance for purposes of classification are found in the sterna. The prosternum may be simple or provided with a A Ficr. 10. -Meso- and meta-sternum of (A) Hieroffltj'phns and (B) Lcpiacris : a, a, mesosternal lobes. strong spine or tubercle \^ hich varies much in form. The meso- steruum and metasternum have on each side of the posterior mai'gin, lobes, the shape and extent of which are of importance.] IXTRODUCXION. The trochanter legs consist of five distinct sections, known as the coxa, '.er, femur, tibia and tarsus. The front and middle legs Fig. 11. — FiH)nt leg of Cyrtacanthacris: a, coxa, h, trochanter, c, femur, d, tibia, e, tarsus. are generally nnich shorter than the hind legs, and much less . -D strongly developed, though their femora are not uufreqiiently more or less widened or flattened, and are sometimes toothed or spined. The hind femora are generally much thickened at the base, enabling the insect to leap. The tibiae and tarsi are also some- times thickened and lamellated, but more rarely. The hind tibitc have nearly always a double row of spines ou the upper surface, and two or more spines at the ex- tremity, called calcaria or spurs. In the AceiuiidyE the tarsi are three-jointed, and the first joint is generally the longest, and is fre- quently provided Avith three pads, called 2^ulviUi, on the under surface. The last joint terminates in two claws, between which is a pad called the arolium (wanting in the AcRTDiiN.i;), a word of \\hich I have been unable to discover the origin. Fig. 12. — (A) Hind tibia aud tarsus of Leptacris : a, tibia, b, outer apical spine, which is absent in many genera, c, c, calcaria ; (B) upper side of tarsus of Locusta, showirg the three joints, and d, the arolium ; (C) under side of same, sliowing three pulvilli on basal joint and one on second. The tegmina of the Acridiid.i; are generally comparatively long and narrow, of a parchment-like consistency, and are not folded. STRUCTURE. [Mauy species have them much abbreviated, in which case they are most commonly oval or elliptical ; aud in some cases they are J I K k Pi„. 13. — '^tgxa^u oi ScM&tocerca : a, mediastinal Tein ; 6, scapular (humeral, or anterior radial) ; c, middle radial (or discoidal) ; d, branch of radial; c, posterior radial (or median); (/, intercalate ; /«, anterior ulnar ; /, branch of ulnar ; j, posterior ulnar ; k, anal (or dividens); I, axillary (or plicata). 1, mediastinal area ; 2, scapular (or humeral) area ; 3, 4, anterior and posterior intercalate spaces (discoidal of Brunner) ; 3 + 4, median of Saussure ; 5, ulnar area ; 6, 7, anterior and posterior axillary areas (Saussure) ; 7, anal area (Brunner). absent.] They are usually more or less opaque, especially towards the base. The wings usually almost equal the tegmina in length, but are much broader and are longitudinally folded. In most cases they are hyaline or glassy, with darker nervures, but are sometimes Fig. 14. — Wing of Schistoccrca. The lettering as in figure 13. stained with red or yellow, or more rarely with blue or green. IMie neuration will be better understood from the diagram than from description. 10 ACKIDIID>5. SUBFAMILIES OF ACRIDIIDJ-:. In Eruuner von Wattenwyl's ' Eevision of the Orthoptera,' published at Greueva in 1893, he admits nine subfamilies of the present group. Of these, the second and fourth (PNEUMOEiNiE and Peoscopin.^) are exclusively confined to South Africa and to Tropical America respectively ; while the eighth, the PamphagiNtE, is not yet recorded from India, though it is probable that some representatives may occur in the northern or nortli-western portions. The other subfamilies are all more or less fully represented. Table of Siihfamilies of Indian ACRIDIID^. 1 ('2) Claws of the tarsi not provided vrith an arolium or intermediate pad ; pro- notum always produced backwards over the abdomen AcEYBxiNiE^ p. 11. 2 (1) Claws of the tarsi provided with an arolium ; pronotum rarely produced over the aodomen. 3 (4) Antennjie shorter tlian the front femora. EuMASTACiNiE, p. 80. 4 (3) Antennje longer than the front femora. 5 (10) Prosternum unarmed. 6 (7) Fastigium of the vertex horizontally produced, or sloping beneath, and forming an angle with the frontal ridge Tryxalin^, p. 95. 7 (6) Fastigium of the vertex rounded towards the front, which is nearly vertical. 8 (9) Frontal costa obtuse ; posterior tibia3 with no external apical spine ; second abdominal segment smooth CEdipodin^, p. 128. 9 (8) Frontal costa compressed and sulcate ; posterior tibia3 with an apical spine on outer margin ; second abdominal [p. 158. segment granulated Batrachotetrigina:, 10 (5) I'rosternum raised and laminated in front, swollen, spiued or hooked. 11 (12) Foveolte of the vertex contiguous, superior, and forming the extremity of the fastigium ; front never [p. 160. sloping Pyrgomorphik.?;, 12 (11) Foveohe of the vertex varying in position, but never forming the tip of the fastigium, and often obsolete. 13 (14) Foveolte superior, open behind ; prosternum strumose, but rarely spined 1*amphaginyt;, p. 190. 14 (13) Foveohe lateral or inferior, closed behind, or obsolete: prosternum dis- [p. 191. tinctly spined or tnberculate Oatantopinje, ACETDIIJ^yE. 11 Subfamily I. ACRYDIIN.l^. These insects are amongst the smallest species o£ the LocuSTiDiE, and are called Grouse-Locusts in America. They are very numerous in meadows and swampy places and many of the species may almost be regarded as siil)aquatic. Till recently they have been somewhat neglected by entomologists, but Professor J. L. Hancock, of Chicago, has made a speciality of the subfamily, on which he has published an important series of works, especially in Wytsman's " Genera Insectorum " (family AcRiDiiOyE, sub- family Tetrigixyi:), in which he divides the subfamily into nine sections, six of which are represented in the Indian Fauna. Keij to the Grotips of AcnYDllN^. 1 (2) Auteniife much flattened, except at base and apex Tripetahcerini, p. 11. 2 (1) Anteuiiio filiform. 3 (10) Anterior femora compressed, carinate above. 4 (5) Frontal costa forked between the ocelli, the rami strongly divergent, forming a frontal scutellum Cladanotim, p. 14. 5 (4) Frontal costa furcillate, but the rami diverging only a little or moderately in front, or parallel, very frequently separated only in a slight degree by a sulcus, (i (7) Posterior angles of lateral lobes spined; first joint of hind tarsi generally longer than the third Scelimcmni, p. l'O. 7 (6) Posterior angles of lateral lobes rarely spined ; first joint of hind tarsi not longer than the third. 8 (9) Posterior angles of lateral lobes slightly produced, obliquely truncate, rarely spined ; first and tjiird joints of hind tarsi nearly equal in length Metrodorini, p. 43. 9 (8) Posterior angles of lateral lobes de- pressed, more or less rounded ; third joint of hind tarsi shorter than the first Acrijdiini, p. .57. 10 (3) Anterior femora sulcated above Batrac/a'diini, Y). 78. Group I. TIUPETALOGEIUNI. Key to the Genera. 1 (2) Front bifid ; tegmiua and wings rudimentary Tripktalocera, 'NVe.-tw., p. 12. 2 (1) Front acaminate ; tegmina and wino-s obsolete Birmaxa, Brunn., p. 13. 12 ACBYDIIN.!:. Genus TRIPETALOCERA. Tripetahcera, Westwood, Vioors' Zoolog. Journ. v, 1834, p. 444 ; Bolivar, Auu. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 190, 19(5, 310; Hancock, Gen. Ins., Unh. Tetriginse, 190G, p. 4 ; Kirby, Cat. Orth. iii, 1910, p. 1. Type, Tripetahcera fefmginea, Weshv. Range. Oriental Region. Form long, rather narrow, tapering. Head with a strong bifid projection between the eyes ; eyes very large and prominent. Antennae half as long as the body, 8-jointed, the basal joint sliort, the second shorter, moniliform, tlie rest (except the minute terminal joints) considerably longer than broad, but all broad and flattened and usually broadest at the extremity ; terminal joints very short, filiform. Pronotiuu covering the whole body, the lateral lobes strongly spined, the upper surface very rugose, with a strong triangular hump before the middle, and a lateral spine between the front and middle legs. All the femora flattened, with triangular teeth on the carinse above and below. Tegmina (when visible) small, oval. Upper valves of ovipositor deutated above. 1. Tripetalocera ferruginea, Westw. Tripetalocera fen-ufjinea, AVestwood, Zool. Journ. v, 1834, p. 444, pi. xxii, fig. 3. Dark ferruginous bro\\n, with a bifid projection between the autennte, which are placed hardly below the level of the prominent eyes, and are 11-jointed. The first two joints are short and broader than the 3rd, which is moniliform, smooth. Fig. 15. — Tripetalocera Jerruginea. and shining ; the 4th and 5th are short, widened at the ex- tremity ; the 6th to the 10th are longer than broad, triquetral, aud expanded at the extremities, except the 10th, which is more oval ; from it projects the minute joint 11, which is apparently broken off, and perhaps consists of two or three closely-approxi- mating joints. Body very rugose, a strong triangular denticulated hump a little before the middle, and a strong pointed tooth on TRIPETALOCERA. 13 each side between the first two pairs of legs. Legs short and thick, all tlie femora nodulose. Length 15 mm. Madras : Travancore. Type in the Oxford Museum. The type appears to be the only specimen known from India. All other ostensible descriptions are taken from Burmese ex- amples. The British Museum possesses specimens of this genus Fig. 16. — Tripdalocera femiginea. from Penang and Borneo, which present differences in the pro- ])ortions of the antennae, and in the protuberances on the body. I believe them to be distinct species, but the material before me is insufficient to deal with at present. De Haan and Bolivar ha\ e described and figured species as ferruginea from Borneo, but ] doubt if they have figured the same species as "Westwood's. Genus BIRMANA. Birmana, Bruuner, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893, p. 11.3; Han- cock. Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig-. 1906, p. 4 ; Kirby, Cat. Orth. ill, 1910, p. 1. Type, Birmana gracilis, Brunn. Range. Burma. Form long, oval. Head prominent, vertex pointed; antennas inserted before the eyes, " 8-jointed, all the joints except the 14 ACRYBIIN.li. basal (terminal?) ones, smooth, triquetral" (the figure shows eight broad joints — the basal one may be concealed — and a terminal liagellum of three small slender joints). Pronotum narrow, not extending to the extremity of the abdomen, viewed from the side subrotund, marginal eariuae parallel in front, lateral lobes appressed, apical process emarginate, with the margin broadly deflexed. Tegmina and wings absent. Pront and middle femora compressed ; hind femora rather short, much dilated, with the upper carina projecting in a tooth at the extremity ; front tibire compressed, sulcated; hind tibise denticulated; hind tarsi with the first and third joints of equal lengtli. 2. Birmana gracilis, Brumi. Birmana gracilis, Brimner, Ann. Mus. Gen(;)va, xxxiii, 1893, p. 114, pi. V, fig. 47. Colour uniform cinereous (male only described). Length 7'o mm. ; pronotum, 4-5 mm. ; hind femora, 3'5 mm. Burma : Bhamo. Tijpe in the G-enoa Museum. Group II. QLADONOTINI. Key to the Genera, ] (4) Pronotum compressed, foliaceous. •2 (3) Tegaiina small, triangular Fikberiana, n. n., p. 14. 3 (2) Tegmina and wings absent Dkltonotus, Hauc, p. lo. 4 (1) Pronotum not compressed. 5 (6) Pronotum with a foliaceous process curving forward over the head . . Cladonotus, Sauss., p. 17. () (5) Pronotum almost flat Mnema, g. n., p. 19. Genus FIEBERIANA, n. n. Plagiocephalus, Fieber (nee Macq.), Abh. kunigl.-biihm. Ges. Wiss. (5) iii, 1845, p. 407. Type, Plagiocephalus pacliymenis, Fieb. Range. North India (?) Head short, broad, very slightly narrower above than below ; antenna} distant from the eyes, placed at the lower end of the forked frontal carina near tbe ocellus. Pronotum high, arched, cultrate, tectiform, wrinkled, as long as the abdomen. Hind femora very large and broad, suddenly contracted at the knee ; middle legs with lamellated, notched carinas. Thorax arched. (^Fieber.) This genus appears to be most nearly related to Piezotettix, Bd., species of which occur in Borneo and the Philippines, as well as in West Africa, New Guinea, etc. ; but differs from it in the possession of rudimentary tegulse. FIEBEEIANA. — BDLTOXOTUS. 15 3. Fieberiaiia pachymerus, Fieh. PhujlucephaUis pachymerm, Fieber, Abli. kunigl.-buhm. Ge.s. Wiss. (5) iii, 1845, p. 407. Piezotettix imchymems, Kirby, Cat. Ortb. iii, 1910, p. 7. Prouotum with a high arch, laterally tectiform, wrinkled, and finely granulated ; front lateral margin waved, front angle rounded, hinder angle short, lamellated ; sides of the truncated process broad, lamellated, narrowed from front to back. Upper carina of hind femora before and at the knee twice " abgesetzt " (emarginate ?). Tegmina small, triangular, in the concavity of the hinder angle of the pronotum. (Fieber.) Size not stated. India {Heifer). Genus DELTONOTUS. Ddtonvtm, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 111 ; id., Geu. Ins., Ortb. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 9, 14. Paecilotettix, Bolivar (wee Scudder), Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 580. TrPE, Deltonotus fectiformis, Hanc. Range. India, Ceylon. Finely granulated, but not rugose. Head broad, wider below than above, vertex carinated, the branches diverging on the face; antennoe very slender, 12-jointed, widely separated, slightly below tbe level of the lower margin of the eyes ; eyes large, sessile. Pronotum strongly compressed and carinate above, pointed before and behind, projecting above the head, and about as long as the abdomen behind. Tegmina and wings absent. Hind femora about twice as long as broad, and extending for fully one-third of their length beyond the extremity of the pronotum ; hind tibise with four or five spines on the back, and with two terminal spines on each side ; first joint of the hind tarsi longer tban the second and third together. Key to the Sj)ecies. 1 (2) No black lateral spot on pronotum . . suhcucullutiis, Walk., p. 15. 2 (1) A distinct black spot on each side of j^^ pronotum (jlbhiceps, Bob, p. 1(3. 4. Deltonotus subcucullatus, WaVc. Tettix subcucullatus, Walker, Cat. Uerm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p. 830. Darker or hghter ferruginous brown ; pronotum, except the carina, darker than the rest of tbe body. Pronotum thickl}^ 16 ACBTDITNiE. reticulate-punctate, sometimes with obsolete linear markings. Hind femora strongly notched above before the extremity. Valves of ovipositor hairy, dentated, with the tip pointed, and slightly curved. Length 9 mm. Ceylon: {Templetoii), Pundaluoya {Green). Types ( J , 5 ) in the British Museum ; those of B. tectiformis in Prof. Hancock's collection at Chicago. Prof. Hancock states that some of the specimens from Punda- luoya and others from Tantune have the pronotum less produced Fig. 17. — Ddtonoius snbcucullatus. anteriorly. He is in doubt whether to regard them as larval forms, or as a distinct species, for which he suggests the pro- visional name of D. crisiatus (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, p. 216). Mr, Green's specimens were taken among fallen leaves. 5. Deltonotus gibbiceps, Bol. Poecilotettix gihhiceps, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Eut. France, Ixx, 1902. p. 580. Deltonotus gibbiceps, Hancock, Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, p. 14 ; Kirby, Cat. Orth. iii, 1910, p. 7. Ochraceous-brown, granulate-rugose. Vertex (viewed from above) obtusely produced before the eyes, carinated in the middle and on the sides ; seen from the side distinctly ascending, with the carina somewhat compressed ; frontal scutellum nearly twice as long as broad. Pronotum acutely tectiform, in front obtusely angulated, behind truncated, middle carina straiglit, somewhat sloping towards the front margin, with lateral carina slightlj^ indicated in front, with a long wrinkle simulating a carina near the shoulder, next to the lateral carina ; the back with a velvety black spot on each side near the middle ; the deflexed lobes beyond the hinder angle slightly produced, forming a rectangular lobe truncated behind. Pront femora with undulating carina, banded with brown ; hind femora with the upper carina minutely granulated, acutely sinuated before the apex ; hind tibiae with the upper margins minutely serrulated and spined, ringed with brown ; CLADOJfOTUS. 17 first joint of the tarsi with three pulvilli of equal length. Abdo- meii varied with brown. S . Length 9 mm. ; pronotum, o'5 mm. ; hind femur, 5 mm. 2 . Len(jth 10 mm. ; pronotum, 6-5 mm. ; hind femur, 5*5 mm. Madras : Madura {Decohj). Types in the collections of Pantel and Bolivar, in Madrid. Genus CLADONOTUS. Cladonotus, Saussure, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (4) i, 1861, p. 478 ; Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 184, 192, 208 ; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 112 ; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 190(i, pp. 10, 11; Kirby, Cat. Orth. iii, 1910, p. 9. Type, Cladonotus Jiumhertianus, Sauss. Range. The Oriental Region ; New Guinea. Body moderately long and broad, set with spiniform tubercles. Face slightly oblique ; antennae very slender, wider apart than the distance from them to the eyes ; frontal scutellum concave, the rami subcompressed, and slightly raised, simple or dentated ; vertex nearly twice as broad as the eyes, subtruncated, Avith a small tooth on each side. Pronotum very rugose, covering the occiput, with a high compressed dentated process on the back, directed forwai'ds; truncated and emarginate behind. Tegraina and wings absent. Hind femora dentated and often sublamel- lated ; hind tibias long and slender, with numerous small spines ; first and third joints of hind tarsi of nearly equal length. Key to the Species. 1 (2) Pronotal process curved forward . . humbertianus, Sauss., p. 17. 2 (1) Pronotal pi'ocess straight. 3 (4) Pronotal process expanded at extremity latiramus, Hanc, p. 19. 4 (3) Pronotal process not widened at extremity turrifer, AValk., p. 18. 6. Cladonotus humbertianus, Sauss. Cladonotus hmnbertianus, Saussure, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (4) i, 1861, p. 478: Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 184, 192, 209 ; Hancock, Spol. Zevl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 113 ; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 10, 16 ; Kirby, Cat. Orth. iii, 1910, p. 9. Dark brown or blackish, eyes very prominent, wide apart, vertex carinated above the frontal ocellus ; below, diverging rami on the clypeus, just beyond which the slender anteunte are inserted on each side ; labruui again \\'\t\\ one central carina. Pronotum with a lower process, dentated above, projecting over the vertex ; behind this is a large flattened process, curving forward over the head and trifld at the extremity, with several teeth on the converging upper carinoe ; lateral angles projecting c 18 ACRYDIIX.i:. in a triangiilai" tooth, with a small tooth behind it; thorax and iibdomen above eranulated, carinated in the middle and on the Fig. 18. — Cladonotus liumhertianus. sides ; extremity of abdomen concave. Femora with large lobate teeth ; tibife with 5 short spines above- on each of the upper carinse, and a pair of terminal spines on each side. (S . Tlie type figured by Bolivar has the process of the pro- notum longer and more slender than in the female above described. Length 8-9 mm. ; breadth, 3 mm.; dorsal appendage, 3-4 mm. Ceylon: Peradeniya, Trincomali {Humbert, Green). Type in the collection of the late de Saiissnre. Saussure states that this insect is found in sandy places and in meadows, and on paths ; also that the spines, tubercles and appendages vary considerably in form and size. 7. Cladonotus turrifer. Walk. Cladonotus turrifer, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p. 843; Kirby, Cat. Orih. iii, 1910,. p. 9. Dark brown, more strongly granulated and dentated than the last species, which it considerably resembles. The appendage of Fig. 19. — Cladonotus turrifer. the pionotum is directed obliquely for\Aard, and is nearly straight CLAD0X0TU8. — MNEMA. 19 above, though serrated and dentated; beneath it throws off a strong pointed projection, directed downwards over the vertex, and dentated above ; the extremity of the upper appendage is not furcate, as in C. luuiibertianus, but is irregularly toothed and ■somewhat excavated beneath, betweeu the extremity and tlie lower branch. The lateral abdominal carinae are strongly toothed •and serrulated. The tibiae and tarsi are black, banded witli yellow ; hind tarsi with 4 or 5 small spines on che upper carinas, -and serrulated nearer the base. Length 8 mm. Ceylon (Roberts). Tyjje in the British ]\[useum. ■S. Cladonotus latiramus, Jianc. Cladonotus leitiramm, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 11 3, 114, pi. i, iiu-. 1; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, p. 16, pi. i Kiiby, Cat. Orth. iii, 1910, p. 9. Brown, very similar to the last species, but the pronotal process is nearly straight, expanding towards the upper extremity, where it is broadest, aud subfurcate ; in front it is strongly toothed and •excavated, curving regularly inwards and outwards, the lower projection over the vertex being comparatively short. Hind tibia? with numerous small spines on the upper carinae. Length 9 mm. Ceylon : Kandy {Green). Tgpe in the Collection of J. L. Hancock. Described from a single male. Genus [MNEMA] nov.* Type, Cladonotm 2wlops, Walk. Hanr/e. Ceylon. Body apterous, sti'ongly rugose. Vertex considerably wider :thau the width of the eye and with a spine on each side ; antennae very slender, on a level with the lower part of the eyes, the bifid carina projecting distinctly between them as seen from above. 'Pronotum very broad at the slioulders, the lateral angles lamin- ately tridentate, tlie long middle one acute; upper surface humped between the shoulders, and the median line strongly dentated behind ; apex of pronotum acutely pointed, extending beyond the ..abdomen. Four front femora with strong triangular teeth, both above aud below ; four front tibiae with two small nodules above - hind legs wanting. A strong spine on tlie upper side of the abdomen in front of the upcurved terminal plate. Possibly allied to Poiua. * [Left unuamecl in niavuiscript by Mr. Kirby.] c2 20 ACRYDIIN.i:. 9, Mnema pelops, Wall: Cladoiiotus pelops, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p. 843. Blackish, stout. Head ^ith a spine ou each side of the vertex adjoining the eye ; front with a tubercle on each side, two keels in the middle part ; a single keel towards the vertex, and a forked keel towards the face ; eyes extremely prominent. Antennae very slender. Prothorax rugose, with a middle keel which is Fig. 21. — Mnema pelops. Fig. 20. — Mnema pelops. most distinct in the fore part ; sides dilated into membranes, each of which is armed with four spines ; hind part lanceolate, extending somewhat beyond the tip of the abdomen. Legs stout ; femora armed with teeth ; hind tibiae [now lost] with very short spines. Wings rudimentary. Lewjth 9 mm. Cktlox. Tyjie in the British Museum. Walker calls the specimen a female, but it appears to be a male. Group III. SCELUIENINI. Key to the Genera. 1 (^8) Antennae inserted distinctly below the eyes. 2 (5) Borders of the hind tibise and of the first joint of the hind taisi with wide lamellar expansions. 3 (4) Pronotum very long, projecting greatly beyond tlie abdomen .... Scelimena, Serv., p. 2L SCELIMEXA. 21 4 (3) Pronotum only slightly produced beyond the abdomen Abbasia, g. u., p. 27. 5 (2) Borders of the hind tibiae and of the first joint of the hind tarsi more or less expanded, but not lamellated. [p. 30. (7) Vertex unarmed Eugavialidium, Hanc, 7 (6) Vertex with two raised tubercles , . Gavialidium, Sauss., 8 (1) Anteunte inserted nearl}'^ between [p. 28. the eyes. 9 (10) Lateral spine of pronotum straight or curved forwards Criotettix, BoL, p. -31. 10 (9) Lateral spine distinctly directed backwards. [p. 36. 11 (12 ) Frontal carina not prominent Acantholobus, Hanc, 12 (11) Frontal carina very prominent .... Loxilobus, Hanc, p. 41. Geuus SCELIMENA. Seelimena, Serville, Ins. Orth. 1839, p. 762 ; Bolivar, Ann. Soc Eut. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 184, 193, 216 ; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 116, 154; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 21, 23. Sceh/mena, Saussure, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (4) i, 1861, p. 484. Sceihyme7ia, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 581. Type, Tetrix jiroductus, Serv. Range. The Oriental Eegion. Body rugose ; pronotum usually much produced ; antenusB inserted in front of, and below the level of the eyes ; upper ocelli slightly in front of the eyes ; frontal cariuce only slightly divergent below the eyes, and produced, united below the frontal ocelJus, and suddenly forking at the lower extremity. Antennae slender, Uliform, uniform in thickness throughout. Eyes large, prominent, raised above the vertex. Body above with a slight carina throughout, granulated, and pronotum more or less rugose ; posterior angles with a strong spine, curving outwards and more or less forwards. Tegmina oval, rounded at the extremity ; wings ample, considerably longer than broad, Eemora frequently dentated beneath ; hind tibiae and first joint of hind tarsi strongly lamellated. The species of Seelimena differ considerably, and may, when more raatei'ial has accumulated, be subdivided into several genera. They are aquatic in their habits, the lamellated hind legs being doubtless employed as oars. Key to the Species. 1 (10) Abdomen produced about as far as the extended hind femora. 2 (5) Hind femora almost unarmed beneath, 3 (4) Pronotal elongation longer than the extended hind femora and tibiae . . ^;?-oc?mc?«, Serv., p. 22. 4 {S) Pronotal elongation about equal to the extended hind femora and tibiae india, Hanc, p. 23. 22 ACHTDIIX^.'E. 9 10 11 (2) Hind femora strongly spined be- neath. (9) Lateral lobes of pronotuiu with only one spine. (8) Spine nearly straight ; lamellae of hind tibiae and first joint of hind tarsi very wide, svibhy aline harpcujo, Serv., p. 23. (7) Spine distinctly curved forwards : lamellae of hind tibire and first joint of hind tarsi narrower, more gradnally formed, and only sub- hyaline at edges gnvialis, Sauss., p. 24. (6) Lateral lobes of pronotum with two spines, curving forwards lofjani, Ilanc, p. 25. (1) Abdomen scarcely produced beyond the extended hind femora ; pro- notum shorter tmcinata, Serv., p. 26. Species incertse sedis hirmanica, Brunn., p. 27. 10. Scelimena producta, Serv. Tetrix product a, Serville, Ins. Orth. 1839, p. 7C2. Acndimn {Tetrix) 2)roductum («), De Ilaan, Temminck, "N'erhandl., Orth. p. 168. Scelymena froduda^ Saussure, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (4) i, 1861, p. 484. Scelimena 'producta, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, p. 216 ; Brunuer, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 103. Scelymena extensa, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p. 841. Brown, the front lateral borders of the pronotum narrowly yellowish. Pronotum slender, very long and tapering, with dorsal and lateral carinse, the latter somert-hat indistinct in front ; the front angle with a strong yellowish tooth, and a much longer lateral one, curved for- wards, halfway between them is a Mell- marked notch ; on the sides of the median carina are one or two slight elevations ; the extremity is obliquely rounded, not indent- ated, as in S. Jiarpar/o, (javialis and loc/ani. Tegmina oval, uarro\\', rather pointed. Wings ample, much longer than broad, with the costa brown, and the hind margin crenulated, hyaline, with greenish and violet iridescence. Trout femoi'a rather uneven above ; hind tibia? and first joint of tarsi with moderately broad laminje. Length, to end of pronotum, 28-30 mm. ; to end of abdomen, 15-16 mm. ; breadth of pronotum from spine to spine, 8-9 mm. ; length of tegmen, 3 mm. ; hind femur, 8 mm. ; expanse of wings, 45-48 mm. ; breadth 13 mm. Madras : Trivandrum ; Burma : Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft., Dawna Hills, 2000-3000 feet ; Java ; Bor>"eo : Sandakan. Fig. 22. — Scelimena ■producta. SCELIMENA. 23- Type in the Paris Museum ; that of S. extensa in tbe British Museum. Described from Javan specimens. Brunner von Wattenwyl states that Burmese specimens are rather larger than others. 11. Scelimena India, Hanc Scelimcna india, Hancock, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend. 1907, p. 219. " Resembling S. j^roducta, but slightly stouter in stature. Body fuscous, pale variegated, the cariuse of dorsum flavo-maculate, the tibiae with pale auuuli. Vertex subequal in width to one of the- eyes, the frontal carina? on each side little compressed and sub- acute. Prouotum anteriorly somewliat subangulate, posteriorly extended beyond the knees of the hind femora as far as the tibial apices, but "not so lengthily attenuate as in prochicta ; dorsum conspersed with granules, depressed and uneven, between the sulci forwards subfossulate on each side, between the shoulders bearing subclavated longitudinal costate protuberances, humeral angles unarmed, behind the shoulders bifossulate, and presenting a pair of rounded sub-elevated nodules ; again another pair, which are indistinct and somewliat fused together, appear posteriorly opposite the middle of the hind femora ; posterior process stout at the base and acuminate towards the apex ; median carina rather incrassate, unevenly undulate anteriorly at the margin, little protuberant and siibtuberculate ; lateral lobes at the anterior margin armed with small tubercles, the posterior margin little laminate outwards, and armed with a distinct acute spine on each side, directed transversely but little curved forward. The posterior femoral margins entire, the posterior tibiae armed with minute denticles, the margins dilated towards the apices ; the first article of the posterior tarsi dilated, but not so widely as in prorfttcius. Length of body entire, male, 19-5 mm.; pronotum, 18 mm.;, posterior femora, 7 mm." Assam : Cherrapunji. Ty2^e in the Oxford Museum. S. j^i'odncta, Serv. { = extenscc, Walk.) from Java and Borneo (Sandakan), with which this species is compared, is a much more slender and tapering species than any of the following. 12. Scelimena harpago, Serv. Tetri.v harpago, Serville, Ins. Orth. 1839, p. 763; BoHvar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg-. xxxi, 1887, pp. 216, 217, pi. iv, fig. 13. Dull brownish black, thickly granulated, and with a pale yellowish tomentum. Eyes large, prominent, separated by less than half their diameter; between them runs a double carina, as described in the characters of the genus. Antennte black, with white incisions ; placed considerably below and in front of the level of the eyes. Pronotum broader than the head, with the front lateral angles obtusely rounded ; hinder angles with a very 24 ACKYDIIX,!:. strong nearly sti*aight yellow spine : the median and lateral carinse often spotted with yellow ; two short subsidiary carinse, one on each side of the median carina, at the base of the pronotum ; behind the level of the lateral spine the pronotum is raised, and there are four strong protuberances on each side, two smaller ones near together just behind the level of the spine ; and two larger ones before the middle ; the pronotum then tapers to the extremity, which is slightly indented ; it extends to about one-fourth of its length beyond the abdomen. Front legs black, tibiae and tarsi spotted with yellow ; front femora with two slightly marked teeth above and below, the latter yel- low ; middle legs black, femora scarcely toothed above, but with two strong yellow teeth below ; tibiae and tarsi spotted with yel- low ; hind femoi-a with a varying number of large and small yellow teeth beneath ; hind tibi?e with a wide yellowish hyaline lateral membrane, except at tlie base ; first joint of tarsi with a similar membrane on the whole of its length, forming a long oval ; second joint of tarsi of equal length, yellow, black at base and tip. Tegmina oval, about twice as long as broad, and slightly narrowed towards the extremity ; wings considerably longer than broad, hyaline, with a slight bluish iridescence, brown along the costa, hind margins crenulated. 2 . The valves longer than the terminal segment of the abdo- men, the upper ones turned upwards and the lower ones tm'ned downwards at the tip ; the upper ones denticulated above, and the lower ones below. Length, to end of pronotum, 24-26 mm. ; to end of abdomen, 16-17 mm. ; breadth of pronotum from spine to spine, 9 mm. ; length of tegmen, 3 mm.; of hind femur, 9 mm.; expanse of wings, 36-38 ram, ; breadth, 10 mm. Bombay : Bombay, Bandra ; United Protinces : Alraora ; Madras : Coimbatore. Fig. 23. — Scelimcna harpago. 13. Scelimena gavialis, Scmss. Scchjmena gavialis, Saussure, Ann. Soc. Ent, France, (4) i, 1861, p. 465. Scelimena gavialis, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 3904, pp. 107, 117, 154, pi. i, tig. 4. Scelgmena nodosa, vValker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p. 840 (n. syn.). Dull black, thickly granulated, the front and lateral mai-gins of the pronotum narrowly edged with red as far as the lateral spines which are of the same colour, and strongly hooked forwards SCELIMENA. 25 Central and lateral carina? well marked, the latter slightly incurved in front, and uot extending to the front lobe of the pronotum. Prouotum with two elevations on each side before the middle, and generally tipped with red. Tegmina grey, twice as long as broad, and obtusely pointed towards the extremity. Wings slightly iridescent hyaline, as long as or somewhat longer than the prothorax, and crenulated on the hind margins ; costa brown. Pront and middle femora with two or three small teeth beneath ; hind femora with several small pale teeth beneath ; hind tibiae and first tarsal joint with narrower and less rounded lamellae than in S. liarpago. 2 • Anal appendages black or red, nearly as in S. harjiago ; ^ appendages much shorter. Lem/th, to end of pronotum, 21-24 mm. ; to end of abdomen, 11-14 mm. ; breadth of pronotum from spine to spine, 8-10 mm.; length of tegmen, 2 mm. ; of hind femur, 9 mm. ; expanse of wings, 43 mm. ; breadth, 13 mm. Madras: Trivandrum; Ceylon: Peradeniya, Damballa, Mas- keliya, Pundaluoya. Type location unknown ; that of S. nodosa in the British Museum. " One female, Dambella, October, ' from margin of tank ' ; two females, Maskeliya, November and February ; five females and four males, Pundaluoya, March, were taken from rocks in mountain streams ; when disturbed, either takes wing or dives under water and remains submerged for some time; larva in similar situations. Two more males and several nymphs Mere taken in June from the same locality." (Ilancocl-.) The white tip to the tegmina noted by Walker in his description of S. nodosa only occurs on one side, and is clearly accidental. This appears to be the species alluded to as Scellmena liarpago by E. E. Green (Entom. M. Mag. xxxviii, 1902, p. 215). Fig. 24. — Scellmena gavialis. 14. Scelimena logani, Hanc. Scelimena logani, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 164; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, p. 94, pi. ii, fig. ]5. Brown, finely granulated, the front and lateral margins of the pronotum, and the dorsal and lateral carinas generally more or less yellowish. A short intermediate carina on each side bet\^een the dorsal and lateral carina?, on the front of the pronotum, and again on the front of the hinder lobe ; before the middle two well-marked longitudinal elevations, the hindermost linear; lateral edges of the pronotum irregulaidy dentated, as far as two yellow teeth, the hinder one larger, and strongly hooked forward. 2G ACKYDIIX.^. Fig. 25. — SccUmena logani. Front and middle femora with two strong yellow teetli, liind femora witli four to six: hind tibiae and first joint of tarsi rather more strongly laminated than in S. gavialis. Tegmina oval, obtusely pointed ; wings about as long as prouotum. Anal appen- dages blackish, with pale stripes beneath, shorter than in 8. gavialis. Length, to end of pronotum, 22-26 mm. ; to end of abdomen, 8-9 mm. ; breadth of pronotum from spine to spine, 8-10 mm.; length of tegmen, 3 mm. ; of hind femur, 8-9 mm. Ceylon : Kandy, Haragana, Punda- luoya. Ty2}e in the Chicago Museum. Habits similar to those of S. (javialis. 15. Scelimena uncinata, Serv. Tetri.c uncinata, Serville, lus. Orth. 1839, p. 763. Scelimena uncinata, Bolivtir, Ami. Soc, Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 216, 218. Scelymena contracta, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. y, 1871, p. 841 (u. syn.). Dull black, shape very short and broad. Pronotum hardly extending beyond the hind femora, with the middle carina very strongly marked, and the lateral carina? complete, undulating, and strongly curved -^^ ;- inwards and tlien forwards in front ; surface ' ■ , , with 3 or 4 elevations on each side of the median carina ; lateral front margin of pronotum denticulated, with a projecting angle in front, and a rectangular outer tooth, slightly curved downwards. Wings blackish, rather shorter than the pronotum. Tarsi yellowish at base ; intermediate femora with two or three yellowish teeth ; hind femora with 4 yellow hooked ones ; hind tibiae and first joint of tarsi with mode- rately broad lamina?. Antennae short, black. Anal appendages yellow. Length, to end of pronotum, 11 mm. ; to end of abdomen, 10 mm. ; breadth, 5 mm. ; length of hind femur, 7 mm. Bombay. The description given above is taken partly from Serville, and partly from Walker's type of S. contracta, a much damaged and discoloured specimen. Fig. 26. Scelimena uncinata. SCELIMEKA. ABBASIA. 27 16. Scelimena (?) birmanica, Bnmn. Garialidium birmaniciim, J^runner von AVattenwy], Aim. jNIus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 104, pi. v, fig-. 07. Eiujavialidium birmanica, Hancock, Gen. Ins., Orth. TetriK'. 1906, p. 25. "Clay-brown, with dark markings. Vertex obtuse, about as broad as the eye. Pronotum with raised tubercles on the disc, parallel with the longitudinal marginal carinula) ; with the deflexed lobes obtusely dentated in front, produced beliind into a straight triangular lobe, neither pointed nor enr\ed forwards ; humeral angle very finely crenulated, with a pale obtuse tubercle ; the process ^vitll very acute longitudinal carinse extending to the tip, with pale crenules far apart. Hind femora above very slightly waved, with a nearly entire carina above ; hind tibiae simple. ISubgenital lamina of the male roundly produced. "Length, body. . . . S 10-5 mm., 2 12-5 mm. „ pronotum 15-5 mm., 17 mm. ,, hind femur 7 mm., 9-4 mm." BtJEMA. : Karen Hills. Type in the Genoa Museum. In the shape of the lateral spine this species resembles S. harpago, and in the shape of the front of the pronotum S. contracta. Although the hind tibite are called "entire," the figure shows four teeth on the outer margin. They are repre- sented as gradually and widely laminate ; and the basal joint of the tarsi also appears to be expanded and is in any case much broader than the terminal joint, as is also the short middle joint. The iirst joint is longer than the third. I have placed this species provisionally in >SceUmena, to which it appears to have as much affinity as with the genera in which it has been placed by previous authors. Genus ABBASIA. nov. Type, Ahhasia snhserruta, sp. nov. Ramje. Travancore. Body depressed, but traversed by a central undulating carina ; space between the eyes about as wide as the eyes, which are large and prominent; head not produced. Antennse slender, rather longer than the head, placed distinctly below the eyes. Pronotum in front with two distinct lateral carina?, ceasing, and then continued by three longitudinal callosities ; there is also an irregular outer carina, continued towards the end of the pro- notum, before reaching which it forms a small angle and dis- appears. Wings shorter than the abdomen, which, again, is shorter than the pronotum ; the latter with a truncated lobe on each side, turned downwards and backwards. Front femora flattened, with one tooth above and two beneath ; middle femoi'a 28 AWlTDlIN-i:. flattened, with two teeth beneath ; hind femora very large, rounded, with several large teeth beneath ; first "joint of hind tarsi longer than the third, the pulvilli very small. Apparently allied to the South American genus Amorjyhojyus, Serv. 17. Al)basia subserrata, sp. nov. Dull blackish brown, inner side of hind femora black and shining, lined with yellowish, as is also the abdomen ; the outer side of the hind femora is also marked with yellowish, and the teeth beneath and the tarsi are of the same colonr. Length 11-12 mm. Madras : Tenmalai, Travancore, W. side of W. Ghats, November 1908. Common on rocks near water. Fig. 27. — Ahbasia svhserraia. Genus GAVIALIDIUM. Gavialidiwn, Saussm-e, Ann. Sec. Ent. France, (-l) i, 18G1, p. 481 ; Bolivar, Ann. See. Ent. J^elg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 184, 193, 218; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 122 ; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 22, 25. Type, Scelymena crocodilus, Sauss. Range. Ceylon, Philippines. Body rugose, pronotum much produced, obtusely truncated at the extremity. Antennee slender, filiform, inserted much below the eyes, on the sides of the frontal projection, betAveen which the trontal carina is double, but below which it is obsolete, only reappearing as indicating a small triangular space at the extremity of the clypeus. Eyes globose, very prominent; ocelli incon- spicuous. Front of pronotum with three strong raised cariucC, the middle one continued to the apex : lower lateral margins with a projecting tooth in front, expanding behind, with the margins more or less strongly denticulated, to a projecting lateral lamina bearing three teeth. Tegmina oval, narrow, pointed. Wings not much longer than broad, and sliorter than the pronotum. Femora lobate-dentate ; hind tibije only slightly widened, and the tarsal joints simple. Keg to tlie Species. Pronotum without raised tubercles .... crocodilus, Sauss., p. 29. Pronotum with raised tubercles alligator, Sauss., p. 29. GAVIALIDIUM. 29 18. Gavialidium crocodilus, Saiiss. Scelpiiena crocodilus, Saussure, Anu. Soc, Ent. France, (4) i, 1861, p. 481. Gavialidium crocodilus, Bolivar, Anu. Soc. Ent, Belo-. xxxi, 1887, pp. 218, 219; Hancock, Spol. Zevl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 122, 123, pi. ii, fig. 1 ; id., Gen. Ins., Ortli. Tetrig-. 1900, p. 25, pi. ii, fig. 16. Greyish brown, thickly reticulate-rugose, the dorsal carina soinetimes more or less yellow, the legs sometimes spotted or interruptedly lined with yellow, and the tip of the pronotum reddish. Pronotum with three parallel cariuse on the front, the middle one con- tinued to the extremity, which is obtusely truncated ; the lateral cariupe are finely denticulated in front, and there is a larger tooth on each side at their greatest ex- pansion ; the lower lateral border of the pronotum has a projecting tooth at the front angle, behind which it is more or less strongly denticulated as far as the lateral lobe, which is armed with three teeth. Front and middle femora armed with two or three rather strong teeth above and below ; hind femora much less distinctly so ; hind tibife very slightly ex- panded towards the extremity. Tegmina lanceolate ; v^'iugs shorter than the pro- notum, with violet iridescence ; costa opaque. Length, to end of pronotum, 19-25 mm. ; to end of abdomen, 15 inm. ; breadth of pronotum from spine to spine, 7 mm. ; length of hind femora, 7-8 mm, Cetlon : Kaduganawa, Pundaluoya. Type in the Geneva Museum. Found in March, April, and June. Taken " from rocks over which oozy water trickles; insect seldom actually wet; very sluggish ; seldom takes wing" (jE". E. Green, quoted by Hancock). 19. Gavialidium alligator, Sauss. Scehjmena (dliffutor, Saussure, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (4) i, 1861, p. 483. Gavialidium alligator, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 218, 219 ; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 122, 125. Very similar to G. crocodilus, but smaller, and the pronotum shorter. The middle carina is strongly undulated and lohate on its first half ; the short front carinse are strongly raised, but hardly crenulated ; the humeral angles are spinose, and the lateral margins of the pronotum are well marked, but not denti- culated ; the lateral projections terminate in three equal lobes, Fig. 28. — Gavialidiu'M crocoddus. ;30 ACRYDIIN.i:. instead of spines ; pronotum very uneven, with four oblique tubercles [on each side ?]. Hind femora more slender thau in S. crocodilns, and only armed with a tubercle on the outer surface ; hind tarsi extending beyond the pronotum. Length of pronotum, 19 mm. ; breadth at shoulders, 3 mm. ; length of bind femur, 5 mm. Ceylon : Kaduganawa [Humbert). Tijpe in the Geneva Museum. There is a specimen of an aUied species in the British Museum from North China, labelled mdidosus in Walker's handwriting. I am not certain whether it is identical with S. nodulosa, Stal, from Java. Genus EUGAVIALIDIUM. Eiajavialidmm, Hancock, Gen. Ins., Drth. Tetrig. ]906, p. 24. Type, EugavUdidium dcntiumeris, Hancock. Range. Borneo, Celebes, Philippine Is., Tenasserim. [Resembles Gavialidium and SceJimena, but has the body prolonged ; face declivous ; the frontal costse rather narrowly sulcate. Pronotum granulate; liumeral angles unarmed, lateral angles with a strong acute spine, curved forwaxxls ; posterior pi'ocess extended con- sidei-ably beyond the apex of the posterior femora. Posterior femora moderately stout, the inferior margins dentate in typical species, unarmed in Jiastidatum. Hind tarsi with the first joint slightly expanded and flattened, much longer than the second and third joints taken together.] 20. Eugavialidium hastulatum, sp. uov. Black, finely and uniformly granulated throughout, without nodosities, humeral angles unarmed, lateral angles with a curved spine directed forwards, pronotal process as long as the wings, extending considerably beyond the hind femora, and pointed at the tip, reddish on the sides beyond the spines, and slightly varied with grey above towards the extremity. Tegmina oval, reddish. Front and middle femora linear ; hind femora unarmed, moderately stout; hind tibise long, Avaved, with numerous tine spines above ; first joint of hind tarsi slio-htly expanded and flattened, much longer than the second and third together. Tenasserim : Kawkaraik, Amherst District, 5. iii. 1908. 2')j])e in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Fig. 29. — Eiigavia- lldium has/uhcfum. CRIOTETTIX. 31 Genus CRIOTETTIX. Criotettix, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 184, 193, 222 ; Hancock, Spol. Zevl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 128 ; id., Gen. Ins., (3rtli. Tetrig. 190G, pp. 22, 27. Type, Criotettix tricarinatus, Bol. Range. Oriental Een;ion, New Gruinea, E. and W. Africa. Body granulated. Vertex scarcely lower than the eyes, hori- zontal above, or raised in front; frontal carina not divergent at the antennae, palpi subcylindrical, concolorous, antennae scarcely inserted before the level of the eyes. Pronotuin truncated in front, generally long and tapering, the tip obtuse or slightly bifid ; shoulder angles truncated, lateral angles laminated, and emitting a sharp spine. Teginina oblong; wings as long as the pronotum. Prosternum reflexed, broadly sinuate in front. Front femora narrow, with tlie carinae entire, femoral and terminal teeth of hind femora small ; hind tibiae slightly expanded towards the extremity, tlie canthi compressed, spiuose ; first joint of hind tarsi smooth above, naiTOW, linear, longer than the thii'd. Key to the Species. 1 (14) Lateral spine of pronotum long, pointed. 2 (7) Lateral spine distinctl}^ curved for- wards. 3 (4) Spine thick at the base . spinilobus, Ilauc, p. 31. 4 (3) Spine slender at the base. 5 (6) Space between the eyes narrower than tlie eye maculatus, sp. n., p. 32. 6 (5) Space between the eyes about eijual to the width of an eye obscimcs, sp. n., p. 32. 7 (2) Lateral spine straight or inclining backwards. 8 (11) Pronotum smooth. 9 (10) Vertex distinctly tricarinate tricar inatns, Bob, p. 33. 10 (9j Vertex with the middle carina very short, only visible in front hulicus, Bob, p. 33. 11 (8) Pronotum more or less rugose or granulated. 12 (13) Pronotum transversely rugose oeulatus, Bob, p. 34. 13 (12) Pronotum granulated exsertus, Bob, p. 34. 14 (1) Lateral lobes of pronotum short, pointed. lo (10) Vertex wider than the eye suhulatus, Bob, p. 35. 10 (15) Vertex not wider than the eye vidali, Bob, p. 35. 21. Criotettix spinilobus, Hanc. Criotettix spinilobus, Hancock, Spol. Zevl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 129, 155, pi. iii, fig. 12; id.. Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1900, p. 28, fig. 12. Body slightly granulated ; head scarcely elevated. Vertex nearly as broad above as one of the eyes ; frontal )nargiu 32 ACRYDIINJE. truncate, lateral cariuae curving outward and backward, the middle carina not proniinent ; frontal carina prominent between the antennoe ; eyes globose, of moderate size. Antennae slender, filiform, inserted between the lower angle of the eyes. Pronotum truncated in front, subulate behind, and produced about as far as the wings ; above more or less granulated, and with a short abbreviated lateral carina between the shoulders ; humeral angles obtuse ; median cai-ina not prominent but continuous, lateral carina) distinct ; hinder lateral angles with an acute spine, straight or slightly curved forward. Tegmina oval, obtuse at the extremity. Femora rather slender, margins entire ; hind femora serrulate above ; hind tibiae with the margins armed \\ith small spines, except on the inner margin towards the apex ; first joint of hind tarsi very narrow, but scarcely longer than the third ; first two pulvilli of the first joint pointed, the third obtuse. c5' . Length 9-8-10'3 mm. ; pronotum, 8*9-9'5 mm. ; tegmina, 1 mm. ; posterior femur, 4-5-4-6 mm.; antennae, 3'2-3-3 mm. 2 . Length 11-12-2 mm.: pronotum, 10-2- 11-3 mm.; tegmina, l"l-l-2 mm,; posterior femur, 5'2-5"7 mm. ; antennae, 4 mm. Ceylon : Pundaluoya. Frequents swampy ground in March. 22. Criotettix maculatus, sp. uov. Dark bro^n, with the process of the pronotum inclining to rufous on the borders. Antennae long and slender, scape thickened. Pronotum and wings of about equal length, nearly as long as the hind legs, * pronotal spine slender, curved forwards. Pront legs blackish, banded \A'ith grey ; hind femora yellowish, varied with white on the outer side, and with blackish below ; towards the base is a blackish band ; hind tibiae yellowish, darker towards the tip ; tarsi whitish, with the tips of the joints blackish. Length 11 mm. Burma. Type in the British Museum. 23. Criotettix obscurus, sp. nov. Dull brown, paler beneath, the legs transversely banded with brown and yellowish grey. Eyes large, round, the space between * [This is correct ; tlie artist has been misled by the wings being out of position.] Fig. 30. Criotettix maculatus. CEIOTEXTIX. .33 Fig. 31. Criotetiix ohscurus. Fig. 32. Criotetiix tricarinatiis. them as broad as an eye ; face not promi- nent ; antennuB slender, inserted rather below the eyes, vertex tricarinate in front, the middle carina less distinct behind. Pro- notum finely granulated, as long as the wings ; median carina slightly raised be- tween the shoulders, continuous, but very finely undulating ; slight lateral carinsB in front ; lateral spines long, slender, curved forwards. Hind femora rugose ; first joint of hind tarsi with very small pulvilli. Length 13 mm. Madras : Travancore Coast. Tijpe in the Indian Museum. 24. Criotettix tricarinatus, Bol. Criotetti.v tricarinatus, Bolivar, Ann. See. Eat. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 184,223, 224;. Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, p. 128, pi. iii, fig. 15. Pale grey, more or less varied with brown. V'ertex distinctly narrower than the eye, carinated in the middle, with a raised curved line on each side in front. Pronotura above very obtusely tectiform, with a raised continuous middle carina ; two parallel carinje between the shoulders, obsolete before and behind; hinder pro- cess long, subulate, lateral angles witb a long acute spine. Teginina shortly ovate, with the extremities rounded. Femoral carina^ granulated, not lobate ; hind tibias with a longitudinal brown stripe on the outer side, tibiae ringed with brown ; first joint of hind tarsi with the two basal pulvilli acutely spined at tips. S ' Length 12 mm. ; pronotum, 11 mm. ; hind femur, 5 mm. 5 . Length 13-14"o mm. ; pronotum, 12-13*5 mm. ; hind femur, 5-5-6 mm. Ceylon : Pundaluoya, Kandy, Kadu- ganawa, Peradeniya (Green). 25. Criotettix indicus, BoL Criotettix indicus, Bolivar, Ann. See. Ent, France, Ixx, 1902, p. 581. Eeddish. Vertex slightly narrower than the eye, hardly narrowed in front, the middle (jarina very short, only distinct D S4 ACR^BIIN.!:. in front; eyes globose. Pronotum narrowed on the back, slightly convex, minutely granulated, with a short carina on each side between the shoulders ; lateral carinas of the anterior section short, not well marked ; middle carina behind the humeral angles slightly, if at all, depressed ; hind projection of the pro- notum long, subulated, but not extending to the tip of the hind tibiae; lateral spine strongly transverse, long, pointed. Tegmina short, ovate. Wings brown, reaching, but not passing, the tip of the pronotiim. Carinas of front femora entire, those of the middle tibice slightly undulating; hind tibiae beneath varied with brown and testaceous, the upper carina shortly and sharply produced at the tip ; tarsi with the pulvilH of the first joint acutely spiued, the third pulvillus shorter than the first two together. cJ , Length 7'5 mm. ; pronotum, 11 mm. ; hind femur, 6*5 mm. Madras : Trichinopoly. 26. Criotettix oculatus, Bol. Criotettix oculatus, Bolivar, Ann. Mus, Genova, xxxix, 1898, p. 71 ; id., Ann. See. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 584. Testaceous brown. Vertex narrower than the eye, tricarinate, the lateral carinas slightly converging in front, the middle carina ■obsolete behind ; eyes prominent ; frontal ridge somewhat arched between the antennae, slightly sinuate between the ocelli, sloping towards the vertex. Pronotum truncated in front, subulated behind, somewhat convex above between the shoulders, shortly bicarinate, bifossulate behind the shoulders, Avith the process more or less obliquely rugose, the middle carina not raised, and obsolete towards the front margin, lateral carinas not prominent; hinder angle of the lateral lobes with an acute spine. Tegmina small, broadly rounded at the apex, coarsely impresso- punctate. Legs ringed with brown ; front legs long, femora with granulated and slightly undulating carinas ; hind femora obliquely banded with grey, minutely serrated above and below ; first joint of the hind tarsi with three obtuse pulvilli of nearly equal length. c5' 2 . Length 9-11 mm.; pronotum, 11-14 mm.; tegmina, i-8 mm. ; middle femur, 2-2-3 mm. ; posterior femur, 5-6-5 mm. Madras: Ivodaikanal ; Sumatra; Java. 27. Criotettix exsertus, Bol. Ci-iotettix exsertus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 583. Colour brown above, beneath greenish-yellovi^ varied with brown, hind femora with paler bands. Vertex narrower than the eye, expanded behind, carinated in the middle, with the carina slightly projecting in front ; ocelli rounded, moderately prominent, frontal ridge moderately and regularly curved before the eyes. Pronotum CmOTETTIX. 35 nearly smooth, behind the shoulders slightly depressed and granu- lated, between the shoulders slightly carinulated, with the lateral carinae of the front part nearly parallel ; the median carina con- tinuous, slightly compressed, and (seen later- ally) slightly sinuated before the humeral angles ; hind process acute, extending as far as tiie middle of the hind tibiae ; hinder angle of the lateral lobes with a short oblique spine projecting backwards, and sinuated behind. Tegmina very small, ovate. Wings slightly longer than the tip of the pronotum, iridescent, with the mar- gins smoky. Yvout and intermediate femora with the carinae entire, slighly crenulated ; hind femora slender, the outer ridges very oblique, dorsal genicular carina serrated ; hind tarsi with the pulvilli of the first joint of nearly equal length. 2 . Length 9 mm. Madras : Kodaikaual. 28. Criotettix subulatiis, Bol. Criotettix subulatus, Bolivar, Ann. See. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 185, 223, 227. Ferruginous brown. Vertex (seen from above) horizontal, very narrow in front, sub- triangular, broader behind than the eye; frontal ridge produced, more rounded below the antennte, neither sinuated nor depressed. Back of pronotum with short raised ridges, middle carina continuous, somewhat raised ; hinder pro- <;ess not extending to the tip of the hind tibiae; hinder angles of lateral lobes acute, but not very prominent. Femora ridded sparingly granulate; hind tibiae rather long, very straight; first joint of hind tarsi with the third pul villus slightly longer than the second. 2 . Lengtli 11 mm.; pronotum, 14 mm.; posterior femur, 6-5 mm. East Indies (British India ?). Ttjpe in the collection of I. Bohvar Fig. 3.3. Criotettix exserius. ■29. Criotettix vidali, Bol. Criotettix vidali, Bolivar, Ann. See. Ent. Belg. xxxi. 1887, pp. ISo 22.3, 227 ; Brunner, Ann. Mus. Geuova, xxxui, 1893, p. 105. ' Grey or ferruginous brown. Vertex slightly prominent, not broader than the eye, transversely rounded in front, carinated in the middle, and distinctly sinuated on each side ; frontal carina <3urved between the antennae. Pronotum distinctly transversely d2 36 ACRYDTIX.^. convex on the back, rugulose, the middle carina slender, rather indistinct, and often obsolete between the shoulders ; subulated behind ; lateral spine depressed, pointed, but rather short. Hind femora entire, hind tibiae nearly straight, first joint of hind tarsi rather longer than the third, first and second pulvillus of equal length, the third slightly longer. Lenritli 9 mm. ; pronotum, 14 mm. ; hind femur, 7 mm. BuKMA : Karen Hills ; Philippines. Genus ACANTHALOBUS. Acanthalobus, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 131 ; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 22, 28. Type, Criotettix miliarius, Bol. Range. The Oriental Eegion. Body moderately stout, more or less rugose or granulated. Head not elevated ; eyes moderately prominent ; vertex wider than the eye, with a slight middle carina ; frontal carina not prominent. Antennae moderately short, filiform, inserted between the lower margin of the eyes. Pronotum truncate in front, extended backwards beyond the hind femora, flattened above, except between the shoulders, where it is more or less raised or undulated ; lateral spines obliquely directed backwards. Tegmina ovate ; wings about as long as the pronotum. Pront femora entire or slightly crenulated, middle femora sometimes sublobate or denticulated. Pirst joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than the third. Key to tlie Species. 1 (2) Wings more or less abbreviated cuneatus, Hanc, p. 40. 2 (1) Wings approximately a,s long as the pronotum. 3 (4) Pronotum granulated, but not rugose or tuberculated fiavo2)ictus, Bob, p. 41. 4 (3) Pronotum rugose or tuberculated. 5 (10) Lateral spine very prominent and acute. 6 (7) Back of pronotum deeply inipresso- punctate ; lateral spine directed outwards or only slightly back- ■wards miliarivs, Bob, p. 37. 7 (6) Back of pronotum finely granulated. 8 (9) Lateral spine directed outwards or only very slightly inclining back- Avards bispino-ms, Dalm., p. 37.. 9 (8) Lateral spine very obliquelj^ directed backwards vwrnatus. Walk., p. 39>. 10 (5) Lateral spine not very prominent, with a short acute point rufescens, sp. n., p. 38.. ACANTII.VLOBUS. 37 30. Acanthalobus miliarius, Bol. Criotettiv miliarius, Bolivar, Anu, Soc. Eat. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 18o, 2i>:3, 226. Acanthalobus miliarius, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 131, 1.32, lo5, pi. ii, tig. 8; id.. Gen. Ins., Urtli. Tetrig. 190(J, p. 29, pi. ii, %. 19. Yellowish or ferruginous browa, with the lateral spines and legs yellow. Vertex at least as broad as one of the eyes and almost on the same level, the bitid carina proiecting somewhat in front ; frontal lateral carinse slightly curving inwards below, obsolete above. Front of pronotum above finely granulated, with a very strong middle carina and two lateral ones ; on the outer side of the latter a round tubercle. Hinder lobe of pronotum convex between the shoulders, then flattened, the median carina undulated hindwards ; the surface granulated, with numerous longitudinal wrinkles and small round tubercles; hinder extremity extending for about two-fifths of its length beyond the hind femora; lateral spines stout, extending obliquely backwards and acute at the extremity. Hind femora rather broad, very finely crenulated below, central area blackish ; tibise yellow, the outer carina with about 12 small spines, the inner with 6 ; first joint of hind tarsi longer than the otlier two ,- the pulvilli rectangular, the second rather shorter tliau the first, the tliird the shortest. Tegmina twice as long as broad ; wings about as long as pronotum, clouded iridescent, yellowish externally. The male is smaller and much less strongly rugose. Length 11 mm. ; pronotum, 16'5 mm. ; hind femur, 7 mm. Ceylon : Peradeniya, Ivandy, Colombo. Type in the collection of Brunner von Watteuwyl. Found in rice-fields, &c., and comes freely to light. Fig. 34. Acanthalobus uiiUarias 31. Acanthalobus bispinosiis, Dalm. Acrydium hispinosum, Dalman, Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Ilandl. 1818, T'ettix bispinosa, Balmaii, Anal. Ent. 1823, p. 86 ; StSl, liecens. Orth. i, 1873, p. 150. Criotetti.c bispinosus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. ICnt. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 185, 223, 22U ; Jirunner, Ann. Mas. Geuova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 105. Acridium {Tetrix) bispinosiun, Be Ilaan, Temminck, "S'erhandel., Orth. 1842, pp. 106, 169. 38 ACKYDIIX.E. Tetti.v pallitarsis, AValker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p. 822. Tettix annif/era, Walker, /. c. 1871, p. 826. Tettix latispina, Walker, I. c. 1871, p. 837. Yellowish grey or fusco-ferruginous, finely granulated. Vertex rather below the level ot the eyes, as broad behind as an eye, but narrowed in front, the biiid carina slightly projecting between the yellowish antennae ; frontal carina not prominent, and obsolete below ; cheeks with carinae only visible below ; mouth black, palpi white. Pronotum finely granulated, neai'ly flat, the median carina indistinct, nearly obsolete in front ; two slightly marked lateral earinte on the frontal area, beyond whicli there are no lateral carinae ; lateral sphie yellow, acute, straight, or very slightly inclining backwards, sometimes tipped with black. Pronotum subulated behind, the tip obtuse, extending for two-fifths of its length behind the hind femora. Pectus spotted with brown ; abdomen blackish, spotted with white. Tegmina broadly oval, about 1^7 times as long as broad. Wings as long as the pronotum, iridescent towards the base ; costa and inner margin brown, and hind margin broadly clouded with bro\^"n. Hind femora and tibiae black, more or less spotted with white ; tarsi white, tipped with black ; hind tibiae with a strong notch on the upper side before the knee, and with G spines on the outer and S on the inner carina ; first joint of tarsi about as long as the other two ; pulvilli small, triangular, of about equal length. Length 16-21 mm., to end of ovipositor, 11-12 mm. ; hind femur, 9 mm. ; expanse of wing, 30 mm. BcKMA : Karen Hills ; China : Hong Kong ; SUMATEA ; BOENEO. Type in Dalman's collection, now in the Stockholm Museum. Types of Walker's species in the British Museum. A common and well-marked species, but the descriptions, except Dalman's, are very unsatisfactory. Bolivar writes : " inter humeros convexiusculo, rucjis linearihus, ab- h-eviatis, subseriatis " ; the last four words hardly apply to any of the specimens before me. 32. Acanthalobus rufescens, sp. nov. Uniform reddish brown, hind femora ob- scurely banded \\ ith dull yellow, and a broad pale ring at the base ot the hind tibiae, but these paler markings very indistinct. Eyes large, slightly approximating in front, sepa- rated by about the width of an eye ; antennae inserted rathei below the level of the eyes. Head and pronot un finely granulated above ; Fig. 35. — Acantha- lohus rufescens. long aud slender. ACA^'THALOBUS. 3» median carina continuous, slightly raised behind the shoulders ; lateral carina) slightly marked in front, parallel ; lateral angles very acute, hardly spined, and directed slightly backwards ; pro- notal process as long as the wings, much longer than the hind femora, A'ery slightly bifid at the extremity. Tegmina oval, twice as long as broad. Hind tibiae slightly waved, with small spines ;, joints of hind tarsi long, the first joint slightly longer than the rest ; pulvilli conspicuous, pointed behind. Lencjth 16-23 mm. Sikkim: Gantok, 6050 ft., 10. xi. 1900, Kurseong, 5000 ft.,. 14. viii. 1909 ; Bei^gal : Calcutta, 28. vii. 1904. 33. Acanthalobus inornatus, Wall-. Tettix moi-nata, Walker, Cat. Derin. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p. 834. C?-toietti.v saginatus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887^ pp. 185, 223, 225 ; Brunner, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893,. p. 104, pi. V, tig-. 38. Rather slender, brown, rugulose. Vertex distinctly broader than the eye, the double carina projecting slightly between the antennae. Top of head flattened ; cheeks V, V, with lateral carinas, obsolete above and )i i slightly converging below ; eyes not raised ; ;! x ,' ■; face varied with tawny. Pronotum with three strong keels on the frontal area, the lateral ones slightly converging and obsolete behind ; as long as the hind w ings, subulate,, and extending for nearly half its length beyond the hind femora ; lateral spines pale, rather slender at the extremity and slightly hooked backwards ; pronotum rather arched on the back between the shoulders, depressed behind, with numerous raised grantiles, more or less regularly arranged ; middle carina rather indistinct and irregular, and with some short, raised, incomplete carinae oppo- site the shoulders. Tegmina forming a long oval ; wings dusky along the costa. Middle and hind tibiae pale, the latter slightly ex- panded, and with 7 spines on the terminal half of the outer carina and 4 on the inner ; there are also two strong outer and one inner terminal spine, and a small spine on the upper surface of the tibia just beyond the knee ; first joint of hind tarsi rather longer than the rest together ; the three pulvilli triangular, of eqttal length. Valves of ovipositor pale, long and slender, the upper one denticulated above, with the tip slightly hooked upwards ; the lower ones denticulated below, the tip slightly hooked downwards; at the base of the lower ones is a slight tooth above and another abotit the middle. Abdomen blackish, spotted with ochreous. Fig. 36. — Acantha- lobus inornatus. 40 ACRYDIIN.E. Length, to end of ovipositor, 14 mm. ; to eud of pronotum, 22mm.; hind femur, 10 mm.; breadth between lateral spines, 6 mm. Burma : Rangoon ; Java. Type in British Museum ; those of C. sa;/inatus in the collections of Bolivar and Brunner von Wattenwyl. Walker speaks of " thi-ee spines on each side," but this appear- ance is evidently an optical illusion. Criotettlx saginatus of authors appears to agree with the species above described, but the dimensions given ai-e slightly smaller. 34. Acanthalobus cuneatus, Heme. Acanthalobus cuneatus, Hajicock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, p. 108. Acanthaluhus miliarius cuneatus, Hancock, I. c. 1904, p. 133. Perhaps a brachypterous form of A. miliarius. " The pronotum differs in being more rugose and more cuneate posteriorly, the Fig. 37. — Acanthalobus cuneatus. Fig. 38. — Acanthalobus cuneatus, S • 1^'g- Z9.— Acanthalobus cuneatus, $ . apex extending not more than two millimetres beyond the femoral knees, and not a little passing the wings. The median carina o£ ACANTHALOBUS. LOXILOBUS. 41 proiiotum posteriorly irregularly sinuate. AVings more or less abbreviate." Ceylon : Colombo. 35. Acanthalobus flavopictus, Bol. Criotettix Jlavojnctus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 582. Greyish brown, with pale markings, abdomen spotted with yellow. Vertex slightly narrower than the eye, carinated in the middle ; frontal ridge between the antennje somewhat compressed. Pronotum smooth on the back, somewhat raised between the shoulders, behind them bit'oveolate, irregularly granulose ; middle carina slender, continuous ; prozona carinated on each side, with the carinae converging behind ; hinder process long and pointed, the deflexed lobes very finely granulated with white, the lateral spine acute. Tegmina oblong-ovate, roundly truncate behind. Wings long, bro^\■u towards the margins, with parallel uervures. Four front femora very finely crenulated ; lower cariuse of the middle legs rather indistinctly bilobate, upper carina of the hind femora 3- or 4-denticulate, with the upper external and internal ai'eas with rows of obtuse tubercles ; hind tibise slightly waved, pulvilli of the tarsi acute. Length 12 mm. ; pronotum, 17 mm. ; hind fennir, 7*5 mm. Madras : Kodaikanal. Resembles A. miliarius and spinosus. Differs from the former in its narrower vertex and smooth pronotum, and from the latter by the depressions on the pronotum, which make it resemble a GavialkUum, but that the median carina is straight and not depressed. Genus LOXILOBUS. Loxilobus, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 134 ; id., Gen. Ins., Ortb. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 22, 29. Type, Loxilobus acittus, Hanc. Range. Oriental and Austro-Malayan Regions. Body slender, scabrous or granulated. Head slightly higher than the eyes, vertex about as wide as the eyes, frontal costa rounded, projecting in front. Pronotum raised between the shoulders, middle carina slightly sinuated, hinder process longer than the hind femora, or abbreviated, lateral lobes produced. Tegmina oblong ; wings more or less developed. Femora with very small spines, hind tibia? spined ; first and third tarsal joiiits of nearly equal length, the three pulvilli also equal. 42 ACRYDIIN^. Key to the S^pecies. 1 (2) First and second piilvilli of the first joint of the liind tarsi pointed assmmis, Hane. 2 (1) All the pu] villi of the first joint of the liind tarsi flattened. 3 (4) Wings and pronotal process extending backwards beyond the hind femora . . acutus, Hauc. 4 (3) Wings and pronotuni shorter, not ex- tending to the extremity of the hind femora hancochi, Kirby. 36. Loxilobiis acutus, Hanc. Loxilohus acutus, Hancock, Spol. Zevl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 134 ; id.^ Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, p. 29, pi. ii, fig. 17. Body slender, granulated. Vertex about as wide as an eye» narrowed towards the front, carinated in front in the mitldle and pitted at the sides, vertex scarcely higher than the eyes^ frontal carina rounded and projecting between the eyes, which are small and rounded. Antennae slender, inserted between the lower third of the eyes. Pronotum truncate in front, extending behind beyond the hind femora, back rugose and granulated^ convex between the shoulders, anterior carinse distinct, hardly converging behind, humeral angles distinct, lateral carina not conspicuous, median carina continuous, very slightly waved,, lateral angles acute, projecting outwards and backwards. Tegmina ovate ; wings projecting beyond the pronotum. Front femora unarmed, liind femora with the margins crenulated, and a small tooth before the extremity ; hind tibiae crenulated and spinose ; outer margin with ten spines ; first joint of hind tarsi rather longer than the third ; the third pulvillus longest, and flat below. Upper blade of ovipositor stout, strongly denticulated. Lemjtli 15'8 mm. ; pronotum, 13'8 mm. ; hind femur, 6-2 mm. Ceylon : Pmidaluoya {E. E. Green). Taken at light in May. 37. Loxilohus hancocki, Kirby. Loxilobus riiffosus, Hancock (7iec Bolivar), Spol. Zeyl. ii, 19U4, pp. 108, 134, 135, 155. pi. iii, fig. 17 ; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, p. 30. Loxilobus hancocki, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. J. .;V^"; 7- iii, 1910, p. 18. Loxilobus hancocki. *■ Body greyish brown, thickly granulated, and somewhat rugose. Vertex scarcely higher than the eyes, LOXILOBUS. 4S with a median carina. Middle carina of pronotum contiuuon?, slightly elevated between the shoulders, lateral carinae reddish brown' Wings and pronotum scarcely extending as far as the tips of the abdominal appendages, and not nearly so far as the ends of the hind femora. Abdomen with a small tooth above before the base of the abdominal appendage ; the latter is denti- culated beneath, and slightly hooked at the extremity. Four anterior femora unarmed, the front ones flatter and shorter than the middle ones ; hind femora rather stout, and truncated at the extremity, with a row of nodules on the outer upper area; hind tibiie serrated above, and with long terminal spines ; pulvilli of hind tarsi indistinct. LeiKjth 7^-10 mm ; of pronotum, rU-9 mm. ; hind femur, 5-6 mm. Ceylon : Pundahioya. Frequents grass-lands and swampy places in March and May. 38. Loxilobus assamus, Hanc. Loxilobus assamus, Hancock, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 1907, p. 223. Small ; ashy grey or ferruginous, often varied with brown. Vertex narrowed in front, and longitudinally sulcate on each side. Pronotum truncated in front, produced behind to the extremity of the hind femora ; tuberculose on the back, median carina some- what waved, and slightly elevated in front. First and second pulvilli of the first joint of the hind tarsi pointed. Tegmiua long, rounded at the tips; wings rather shorter than the pronotum. Dimensions not stated. Assam : Cherrapunji. Type in the Oxford Museum. Group lY. METRODOKINI. Keij to the Genera. 1 (8) Tegmiua and win^,'a present. 2 (3) J'ronotum with an acute lateral spine Lamellitettix, Hanc, 3 (2) Pronotum with no acute lateral [p. 49- spine. 4 (5) Vertex narrower than half the width of the eye Systolederus, Bol., .5 (4) Vertex about as broad as the eye. [p. 44. 6 (7) Body stout, posterior angle of lateral lobes of pronotum truncated .... Mazahredia, Bol., p. oO. 7 (6) Body slender, posterior angle of lateral lobes of pronotum rounded. Xistra, BoL, p. 55. 8 (1) Tegmina and wings absent or rudi- mentary. 9 (12) Jjateral lobes obtusely angulated. 44 ACEYDIIN^E. 10 (11) Body and legs setose Hakcockia, g. n., p. 46. 11 (10) Bod}' and legs bare Apterotettix, Hanc, 12 (9) Lateral lobes with -wing-like ex- [p. 47. pansions EuRYMORPHOPT.TS,Hanc., [p. 48. Genus SYSTOLEDERUS, Bol. Systolederus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 185, 194, 234 ; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 136 ; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 30, 33. Type, Systolederus Jiaani, Bol., from the Philippines. Range. Oriental liegiou, Celebes. Head considerably higher than the pronotum ; eyes large, closely approximating above, and higher than the vertex ; antennae slender, placed below the level of the eyes ; frontal carina slightly projecting between them ; face sinuous; palpi filiform. Pronotum flattened above, acuminate behind, extending considerably beyond the hind femora ; median carina indistinct, except in front. Tegniina oval ; wings as long as the pronotum. Pour front legs simple ; hind tibise spiuose, terminal spines small ; first and third joints of tarsi of nearly equal length. Ke?/ to the Species. 1 (2) First two pulvilli of the first joint of the hind tarsi of equal length, the third longer cinereus, Brunn., p. 44. 2 (1) All three pulvilli of equal length. 3 (4) Process of pronotum produced consider- ably beyond tiie hind femora yreeni. Bob, p. 45. 4 (3) Process not or scarcely reaching apex of hind femora anomalus^ Hanc, p. 40. 39. Systolederus cinereus, Brunn. Systolederus cinereus, Brunner, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893, p. 105. 5 . Uniform ash}' gi'ey. Vertex very narrow ; eyes moderately prominent; antennae inserted before the eyes. Pronotum very Pig. 41. — Systolederus cinereus. smooth and flat, the median carina inconspicuous, very straight, the marginal cariuulaj short in front, the deflexed lobes acuminate, SYSTOLEDEUUS. 45 obliquely truncated, the terminal process tricarinated to the extremity. Four front femora compressed, not waved ; hind femora with the carina acute, and the oblique rugulte inconspicuous; first joint of hind tarsi with three pulvilli oF equal length. Lemjtli 10 mm.; prouotum, 13 mm.; hind femur, 9 mm. Burma : Karen Hills. Type in the Geneva Museum, 40. Systolederus greeni, Bol. Systolederus greeni, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1802, p. 584 ; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 137, 155, pi. ii, fig. 9 ; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, p. 34, pi. ii, fig. 14. Greyish brown. Eyes much elevated ; only separated above by the median carina of the vertex ; antennae inserted below the eyes, with the fi'ontal carina slightly projecting between the scapes ; below the antenna? a distinct indentation. Pronotum finely granulated, slightly constricted between the shoulders, and very slightly raised ; lateral angles almost rounded off ; median carina strongly marked in front and straight; behind less conspicuous Fig. 42. — Systolederus greeni. and undulating : lateral carinae obsolete in front, and before the extremity ; deflexed lobes rather pointed, but not produced ; hinder process of pronotum extending considerably beyond the hind femora, and shortly bifid at the extremity. Wings extending to the tip of the pronotum. Abdomen ringed with whitish, with one or two small teeth above near the extremity ; abdominal appendages of female straight, crenulated, not hooked at the tip. Legs more or less varied with grey ; four front legs compressed, simple ; hind femora with oblique wrinkles, hind tibiae minutely crenulated, with curved terminal spines ; first joint of hind tarsi longer than the third, the first two pulvilli of equal length, the third considerably longer. Length, body, 7-14 mm. ; pronotum, 10|-14 mm. ; hind femur,. o-6| mm. Madras : Ivodaikanal ; Ceylox : Pundaluoya, Ivaduganawa. Types in the collections of Pantel and Bolivar. Taken on dry rocks away from water in January and March. 46 ACRYDIIN^. 41. Systolederus anomalus, Hatic. Systoledei us anomalies, Hancock, Spol. Ze)'!. vi, 1910, p. 146. Body rugose, varied with brown. Eyes only slightly prominent; vertex nearly half the width of one of the eyes. Pronotum trun- cate anteriorly, not quite reaching the eyes ; rugose and slightly tuberculate above, with the median carina waved, lateral lobes slightly oblique, posterior angles acutely angulated, but not spined, posterior process not reaching the tip of the hind femora. Tegmina narrow, elliptical ; wings not reaching the end of tlie pronotal process. Front and middle femora entire, rather long ; hind femora thickened ; first and third joints of hind tarsi of nearly equal length, and the three pulvilli of the first joint nearly equal. Length 7-9'5mm. Ceylox : Madulsima, 8. viii. 1908 (T. B. Fletcher). Genus HANCOCKIA, nov. Type, HancocJcia porientosa, sp. u. Range. S. India. Body stout, pubescent, apterous. Antennae very slender, in- serted below the eyes ; head projecting between and below the eyes, which are separated hy a space more than twice their width. Pi-o- notum gibbous between the shoulders, and with thx'ee undulations behind ; much raised, carinated, finely denticu- lated, and very rugose behind ; longer than the abdomen ; shoulders not much widened, lower lateral margins ovally sublobate outwardly, slightly depressed. All the femora much widened and thickened, very coarsely dentate-carinate above ; front and middle tibiae short, ex- panded ; hind tibiae long, slender, denti- culated above, and with two short ter- minal spines ; first joint of tarsi longer than the third, pulvilli small. A very remarkable genus, resembling, in profile, Hancock's figure of the South- American Flatijtettix reticidatus, but without the projecting shoulder-spines. 42. Hancockia portentosa, sp. nov. Uniform blackish brown, \evy rugose and pubescent, apterous ; appendage to pronotum rather longer than the head Fig. 43. and fore-part togetiier, and obtusely HancocJcia xwrientosa. rounded at the extremity; abdomen shorter than the pronotum. HANCOCKIA. — APTEROTETTIX. 47 Length 13 mm. ; width at shoulder, 4 mm. ; at lower Literal expansions, 6^ mm. Madras : Macldathoray and Teumalai, Travancore, W. base of W. Ghats. Type in British Museum. Genus APTEROTETTIX. Apterotetti.v, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 140 ; id., Geu. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 30", 35, TiPE, Ajyterotettiv obtusus, Hanc. llange. Ceylon. Body granular, apterous or with very slight traces of tegmina and wings. Vertex scarcely higher than the eye ; antennae rather long and slender, inserted just below the level of the eyes ; the frontal carinae slightly projecting between the eyes, and the face slightly oblique below the antennae. Pronotum with a strong Fig. 44. -Apterotetfir ohiiisns. Fig. 45. Apiet-oteftix ohUi&ns, continuous median carina, and with a more or less distinct carinula from the base to the middle of the total length ; base truncate, lateral angles nearly rounded off, extremity entire, shortly rounded, generally shorter than the abdomen; lower lateral angles obtusely augulated. Hind tarsi spinose. 48 ACRYDIINiE. 43. Apterotettix obtusus, Hanc. Apterotettix ohtzmis, Hancock, Spol. Zevl. ii,1904, pp. 108, 140, 155, pi. iii, fig. 13; id., Gen. Ins., Ortli. Tetrig. 1906, p. 31, fig. 16. Brown, more or less varied with grey beneath and on the legs. Vertex about equal in width to one of the eyes, and with a strong median carina ; eyes moderately large and prominent. Pronotum generally shorter than the abdomen and hind femora. Hind femora with transverse wrinkles on the upper outer area ; hind tibiae spinulose above, and with strong terminal spines ; joints of tarsi slender, the second joint and terminal claw black ; pul villi inconspicuous. Lenr/th 6-9 mm. ; pronotum, 4^-6 mm. ; hind femur, 4|-5 mm. Ceylox : Peradeniya, Pundaluoya. Pound in grass-fields in Pebruary, Mai'ch, May, and December. Genus EURYMORPHOPUS. Surpnorp/ioptts, Hancock, Gen. Ins., Oith. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 30, 3o. Type, Amorplwpus cimdatus, Bol. Range. Ceylon, New Caledonia. Body stout, depressed, granulated, apterous. Vertex on a level with the eyes, frontal carina very slightly projecting between the antennae, the face beneath almost perpendictdar ; vertex much Fig. 46. — Euri/viorpkajms latilohvs. Fig. 47. Eiirymorphopus lafilohus. narrowed in front, antennae very short, inserted below the eyes ; face and cheeks broad, rounded. Pronotum with the median and lateral carinas well-marked and continuous, except that the lateral EURYMORPHOPUS. LAMELLITETTIX. 49 carinae curve inwards to the extremity of the frontal area, on which they are obsolete, though there is a slight carina in front on each side of the median carina ; pronotum pointed at extremity ,^ extending about as far as the abdominal appendages, and with very large wing-like lateral expansions. Hind femora very stout and rounded above, spines of hind tibiae very small. 44. Eurymorphopus latilobus, Hanc. Eiirymorphopus latilobus, Hancock, Spol. Zevl. v, 1908, pp. 113, 114, fig- 1- Body short and broad, thickly granulated. Eyes large, the vertex above triangular, and narrowed in front till there is only space for the not very prominent carina, which is only bifid for a short distance between the antennae ; below the antennae it is just perceptible as a slight elevation to the extremity of the clypeus. The wing-like lateral expansions of the pronotum are very con- spicuous. The stout hind femora have oblique wrinkles on the upper outer area, and much longer oblique striae on the lower outer ai*ea ; the under surface bounded by the two lower carinae is flat, and black ; hind tibiae with small terminal spines, and the spines on the upper surface minute ; pulvilli on the under surface of the first joint of the tarsi very inconspicuous. Length 9 mm. ; hind femur, 5 mm. Ceylon : Andugoda, ix. 1907 {E. E. Green). " Frequents the surface of dry rocks in the shade of the jungle " {Green). Genus LAMELLITETTIX. Lamellitettix, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 125 ; id. Gen. Ins., Ortb. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 81, 41. Type, Lamellitettix acutus, Hanc, Range. Ceylon. Body stout, very rugose and gibbous. Head not prominent ;, antennae long and slender, placed below the eyes, the frontal costa slightly produced between them ; the face below sinuated ; vertex slightly wider than the eye. Pronotum truncated in front, pointed at the extremity, and extending beyond the hind femora and abdomen ; lateral angles triangular, laminated, and pointed at the extremity ; median line strongly humped between the shoulders, and undulated behind to two-thirds of the length of the pronotum. Tegmina oval; wings well developed. Front tibiae with a few spines beneath ; hind tibiae with some above ; hind femora finely denticulated above, with a notch before the pointed terminal spike ; terminal spine of hind tibiae small; first and third joints of hind tarsi of equal length ; pulvilli flat below. 50 ACRYDIIN^. 45. Lamellitettix acutus, Hanc. Lainellitettix acutus, Hancock, Spol, Zevl. ii, 1904, pp. 107, 126, 15-4, pi. ii, fig. 6 ; id., Gen. Ins., Ortli. Tetrig. 1906, p. 42, pi. ii, fig. 21. Body brown, rugose. Vertex about as wide as one of the eyes, not raised ; antennae long and slender, witli the carina projecting between them. Pronotum gibbous between the shoulders, and undulated behind ; a strong triangular laraellated lateral pro- jection ending in a shai'p spine. Abdomen about as long as the hind femora, but the appendages extending beyond for half the distance to the extremity of the pronotum, which is pointed, and about as long as the wings. J^'rout tibia3 with a few small spines below, and hind tibiae with a few above. Length, body, 14'3 mm. ; pronotum, 13-4 mm. ; hind femur, 7 mm. Ceylon : Maskeliya. Taken from the stem of a tree in the jungle. Genus MAZARREDIA. Mnzarredia, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, np. 185, 194, 236 ; Hancock, Spol. Zevl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 1-38 ; id.. Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 32, 42. Type, Mazarredia geminella, Bol. Range. Oriental Region, New Guinea, Fiji. Head not prominent, vertex about as wide as one of the eyes, often narrowed in front, on each side with an oblique more or less compressed carina, face slightly oblique ; fx'outal carina scai-cely forked beliind the eyes, in front scarcely diverging, slightly projecting between the antennae, which are long and slender, and inserted slightly in front of the eyes ; maxillary palpi with the terminal joints narrow, subcompressed. Pronotum smooth above, truncated in front, and often hum])ed between the shoulders, with obtuse humeral angles, the apex long and pointed ; hind margin of the lateral lobes more or less laminated externally, distinctly truncated, and acutely angulated, but not spiuose, vei-y rarely depressed. Tegmina ovate ; wings perfectly developed. Legs long ; front femora somewhat compressed, carinated above, carinae entire or shghtly waved ; hind tibiae slightly expanded towards the tips, and spinose ; first and third joints of hind tarsi of equal length. Keif to the Species. 1 (10) Vertex not or scarcely broader than the eye. 2 (5) Median carina not crested nor siim- ated behind the shoulders. 3 (4) Last two joints of palpi concolorous. sci^/^te, Bob, p. 51. 4 (3) Last two joints of palpi yellow ... . convergens,'Br\\xm,,^.b2. MAZARREBIA. 51 '") (2) Median carina crested or siniiated behind the shoulders. G (7) Median carina with a high raised crest cristidata, Bol., p. 52. 7 (6) Median carina slightly crested, or ■with very unequal elevations and depressions. 8 (9) Median carina slightly crested insularis, Bol., p. o2. 9 (8) Median carina with very unequal elevations and depressions inaqualis, Brunn., p. 53. 10 (1) Vertex about twice as broad as the ^y^ lativertex, Brunn., p. 54. Species iucertoe sedis: insu/m's, sp. n., luguhris, sp. n. 4(3. Mazarredia sculpta, Bol. Mazarredia scidpta, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 237, 238; Brunner, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 107. Greyish brown. Head not prominent, eyes scarcely higher than the pronotum, vertex rather broader than the eye, some- what narrowed in front, frontal carina produced between the antennae : palpi concolorous, slightly depressed. Pronotum smooth above, convex and bicarinated behind the shoulders, the marginal carinulfe slightly converging behind ; the median carina depressed Fig. 48. — Ma~arrcdia sculpta. behind the shoulders, then straight and very narrow; hinder angle o£ the lateral lobes slightly produced and obtuse; hinder lobe of pronotum produced. I'ront femora with the carinje slightly waved; hind femora obliquely rugose externally, with rows of tubercles above ; the carinas entire ; hind tibiae slio-htly spinose and unicoiorous brown ; pulvilli of first joint of hind tarsi •of equal length. Length, body, 11-5-13-5 mm.; pronotum, 14-5-18-5 mm.; hind femui', 7'5-8"5 mm. Burma : Karen Hills, Pegu, Palon ; Tenasseeim : Thagata. Type in the collection of Brunner von Wattenwvl. e2 52 ACEYDIIXiE. 47. Mazarredia convergens, Bru nn. Mazarredia convergens, Brunuer, Ann. Mas. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 107, pi. y, fig. 40. Colour varied \\ ith dark brown. Vertex scarcely broader than the eye, with the lateral lobes much lower than the eye ; anteunte inserted nearly between the eyes ; ocelli placed midway between the eyes ; frontal carina slightly sinuated at the ocelli ; two terminal joints of palpi yellow. Pronotum with the front marginal carina? distinctly converging behind, the disc nearly smooth, with longitudinal wrinkles, but without tubercles, the median carina slightly interrupted between the shoulders ; hinder angle of the lateral lobes truncated at the tip ; humeral sinus rather acute. Tegraina of usual form. None of the femoral carinse undulated. Lenr/tJi, body, 11-7-14-5 mm. ; pronotum, 13-15 mm. ; hind femur, 6*8-8"2 mm. Burma : Karen Hills ; Tex asserim. 48. Mazarredia insularis, BoJ. Mazcrredia insularis, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 237, 239 ; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 138, lo5, pi. ii, fig. 7. Body moderately slender, ferruginous brown. Eyes globose, rather prominent, higher than the vertex, which is rather broader than one of the eyes ; antennae slender ; face rather oblique. Pronotum rugose, slightly raised in fi'ont, the median line with a concavity behind the shoulders, and then distinctly crenulated ; hinder part of pronotum tricarinated, pointed, and extending con- siderably beyond the abdomen and hind femora ; lateral angles pale, somewhat laminate, rectangularly pointed at the extremity. Tegmina oval ; wings as long as the pronotum. Hind femora with the outer surface scabrous, the upper area with large rounded tubercles, the disc ^ith strong oblique Mrinkles ; front tarsi black, orange in the middle; hind tibiae denticulated on the upper surface ; the pulvilli of the first joint of the hind tarsi small. Length, body, 9-12 mm.; pronotum, 9-11 mm.; hind femur, 4*5-6 mm. Ceylon : Pundaluoya. Hantanna, Peradeniya. Collected " from stems of Grevillea tree in May ; a male from Hantanna was taken in March. Mr. Green remarks that the living insects are often coloured like and harmonize with the natural lichens and mosses, being very inconspicuous "'* {Hancocl). 49. Mazarredia cristulata, Bol. Mazarredia cristulata, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 584. Greyish brown. Head not raised ; eyes prominent ; vertex rather broader than the eye, not narrowed in front, and hardly MAZARREDIA. 53 obliquely elevated, produced in the middle in front, the sides reflexed-angulate ; frontal carina compressed betvA'een the antennje, moderately raised, suddenly sinuated and depressed behind the antennae. Pronotum depressed, granulosa and impresso-punctate, the median carina i-aised into an entire compressed crest on the front margin, not crenulated, behind the shoulders waved and sinuated ; hinder process very long, hinder angle of lateral lobes forming a short, narrow, rounded, oblique lobe, Tegmina ovate, impresso-punctate. Wiugs as long as the pronotum, brown externally, with transverse pale nervures. Front femora com- pressed, with granulated carinas ; intermediate femora above the carina compressed, granulate, lower before the tip, a lobate crenu- lated carina towards the tip beneath ; hind femora with the upper carina almost entire, crenulated, the upper outer area with a row of raised tubercles, with a larger wrinkle scarcely behind the middle ; tibiae nearly straight, brown, with the tip ferruginous ; third joint of hind tarsi shorter than the first, the third pulvillus produced. Length, body, 7 mm. ; pronotum, 13 mm. ; hind femur, 4-8 mm Madras : Madura. 50. Mazarredia inaequalis, Bnuin. Mazarredia incequalis, Bruiiner, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893, p. 106, pi. V, lig. ;39. A^ertex slightly broader than the eye, with a small lobule on each side, not higher than the level of the eye. Antennae inserted in front of the eyes, each joint with a pale ring at the extremity. Frontal costa compressed, regularly rounded in profile ; anterior marginal carinae of the ])ronotum slightly diverging behind, the disc with very unequal tubercles and de- pressions, raised betAAeen the shoulders, and the median carina interrupted at that point ; process smooth ; detiexed lobes with the hinder angle little produced, rouuded off at the tip, the humeral sinus rounded. Tegmina oblong-ovate. Four front femora sinuated above and below ; hind femora not compressed, the carinae not sinuated, but with paler markings ; hind tibiae with pale bands. Subgenital lamina of the male, as seen in profile, compressed at the base and very rotund- produced. Length, body, 10'5-11'2 mm. ; pronotum, 17'2-17*8 mm.; hind femur, 5-7-6-8 mm. Burma : Karen Hills. Fig. 49. Ma::arredia itiaq ualis. 54 ackydiinji:. 51. Mazarredia lativertex, Brunn. Mazarrcdid hitirertex. Brimner, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, pp. 106, 108, pi. V, fig. 41. Brovvnisli testaceous. Vertex compressed from the front, nearly twice as broad as one of the eyes ; antenna; inserted in front of the eyes, nnicolorous ; ocelh phiced before the middle of the eyes; frontal costa, seeu in profile, hardly sinuated Front marginal carinje of the pronotuni sUghtly converging behind ; the disc smooth, slightly excavated, the process tricarinated to tlie tip ; the lateral lobes rotund-truncate. Femora not sinuated ; hind femora compressed. Length, body, 1 1 mm. ; pronotum, 14-7 mm. ; hind femur, 7 mm. Btjema : Karen Hills, 4700 -5000 ft. [The two species which follow here, M. insir/nis and M. luguhvis, spp. n., were labelled and placed by Mr. Kirby in the l^ritish Museum collection under Xistm. M. insignis has the posterior angle of the lateral lobe of the pronotum verg slightly truncate. M. lugubris has the lobe scarcely prominent and slightly rounded. They seem to be connecting links.] 52. Mazarredia insignis, sp. nov. Dark brown, inclining to black on the head and face, the sides of the bodygreyisli ; palpi and basal joints of the antennae reddish. A slight projection in profile between the antennae ; labrum shining black ; eyes sepa- rated by more than the width of one. Pronotum somewhat rugose, extending con- siderably beyond the abdomen and as long as the wings : middle carina well marked, with a short parallel carina on each side in front, Tegmina oval, about twice as long as broad, Front and middle femora slightly compressed and widened ; hind femora moderately thickened, entire ; hind tibiae with small regular spines above, first joint of hind tarsi apparently rather shorter than the third. Valves of the ovipositor serrated above and below. Length 19 mm. United Proyixces : Kumaon, Bhim Tal, 4500 ft., 22-27. ix. 1906. Type in the British Museum. Fig. 50. Mazarredia insign is. MAZAEREDIA. — XISTRA. oa Fig. 51. Mazarrcdia lugiihrit 53. Mazarredia lugubris, sp. nov. Dull brownish black. Autenuae slender, placed just below the eyes; eyes narrowed in front, where they are separated by about the width of one of them, the head between slightly convex ; palpi concolorous ; labruin shining black. Pronotum nearly as long as the wings, finely granular, rugose hind- wards, with no lateral carinse, the middle carina well-marked in front, and regularly but shallowly undulated behind. Hind femora on the inner side rufous brown, smooth ; on the outer side with a raised carina dividing the central area into two nearly equal parts; hind tibiae with short spines above and very strong terminal spines. Length 16 mm. India. T'ljije in the British Museum. Genus XISTRA. Xistra, BoUvar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg-. xxvi, 1887, pp. 186, 194, 242 ; Brunner, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 242; Hancock, ben. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 32, 4o. Type, Xistra gogarzea, Bol. Ilanc/e. The Oriental Eegion. Head moderately depressed; vertex usually depressed, with oblique carinae more or less compressed in front, and slightly con- verging behind, often acutely produced; eyes higher than the vertex" face oblique, frontal costa forked behind the eyes, the branches slightly diverging in front ; slightly compressed and elevated between the antennae ; antennae inserted scarcely before the eyes, long and fihform ; palpi not dilated._ Pronotum narrow, truncate in front, with a long process behind, humeral angles obtuse ; hinder angle of the lateral lobes slightly, if at all, produced outwards, narrow, snbrotund-truncate. Tegmma ovate ; wings perfectly developed. Legs long, front femora compressed, carinate above, hind tibia? towards the tip not, or slightly, ex- panded, carina; sparingly dentated ; first joint of hind tarsi nearly equal to, or slightly longer than, the third. Ketj to the Sjyecies. Vertex with an acute spine on each side stylata, Ilauc. Vertex simply carinate duhia, Brunn. 5Q ACETDIIN^. 54. Xistra stylata, JJanc. Xistra stylata, Hancock, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 1907, p. 231. Ferruginous. Head compresso-elevated, sinuated in profile ; vertex concave in front, but the oblique lateral carinulse forming an acute spine on each side about four-fifths of the height of the eye ; hinder ocellus placed barely below the eyes, but antennae inserted far below ; frontal costa not much raised between the antennae, but rather widely sulcate and evenly divergent forwards to the median ocellus. Pronotum granulated, extending behind beyond the hind femora, raised, and with a slightly dentated crest between the shoulders ; median carinae slightly marked, humeral angles obtuse, the lateral carinae continued forward at the shoulders, anterior lateral carinae parallel ; posterior angles of lateral lobes subaugulate, slightly reflexed, subrotund-truncate. Tegmina rather long, rounded at the tips, externally punctate, brown, with pale tips ; wings extending to the tip of the pronotum. Four front femora rather long, the carinae compressed and waved, upper carina of the middle femora with an apical spine ; hind femora rather long, with a short acute spine ; pulvilli of first joint of hind txirsi of equal length. Length 16-2 mm. ; pronotum, 15 mm.; hind femur, 5*9 mm. Ceylon : Putlam. Type in the Oxford Museum. 55. Xistra (?) dubia, Brnnn. Xistra (?) dubia, Brunuer, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1803, p. 108, pi. V, fig. 4-2. Vertex as broad as the eye, sloping, with a raised cariuula on each side, rising just above the eye when viewed from the front ; frontal costa produced between the antennae, not sinuated ; antennie as long as the pronotum, inserted much before the eyes ; ocelli placed in a line between the base of the eyes. Pronotum produced beyond the hind femora, the front marginal carinae parallel, the lateral lobes appressed, obliquely truncated, the humeral sinus rectangular, the median carina continuous, biundu- late at the shoulders in profile, the process with the lateral carinas very slightly sinuated above the tegmina. Wing as long as the pronotum. Four front femora undulated above and below ; hind femora stout, not compressed ; first and third joints of hind tarsi of equal length. LengtJi 7' o-lO- 5 mm.; pi'onotum, 9-2-1 0*5 mm.; hind femur, 5-5'5 mm. Burma : Karen Hills. EUPARATETTIX. 57 Group V. ACRIDIINI. Key to the Genera. [1 (10) Pi'Oiiotum very long and rather narrow, the posterior prolonga- tion very narrowly cuneiform, the apical half subparallel-sided. 2 (7) V'ertex and eyes very little raised above the level of the pronotuiu. 3 (4) Vertex narrower than width of eye Paratettix, BoL, p. 60. 4 (3) Vertex as wide as or wider than eye. 5 (6) Wings developed Hedottetix, Bol., p. 71. 6 (5) Wings absent Spadotettix, Hanc, p. 70. 7 (2) Vertex and eyes obviously raised above the level of pronotum. 8 (9) Posterior femora without con- [p. 57. spicuous nodosities on outside. . Euparatettix, Hanc, 9 (8) Posterior femora with rugose no- dosities on outside Ergatettix, g. n., p. 69. 10 (1) Pronotum shorter, the posterior prolongation broadly cuneiform, its margins nearly rectilinear. 11 (12) Pronotum tectiform, the median carina well raised for its whole length AcRYDiuM, Geofir., p. 60. 12 (11) Pronotum only tectiform at its widest part, the median carina very fine, the marginal carina; on the same level as median . . Coptotettix, BoL, p. 74.] (^enus EUPARATETTIX. Euparatettix, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 111. 145; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 51, 55. TrPE, ParaiettLv personatus, Bol. Range. The Oriental Region, New Guinea. Head slightly raised, vertex rather narrower than the eye, elevated forward ; antennje moderately long, inserted scarcely below the eyes. Pronotum granulose, lateral angles rounded off, median and lateral carinas strongly developed, the basal caringe short ; pronotum longer than the hind femora, but shorter than the wings. Tegmiua oval, granulated. Anterior femora almost entire, hind femora spinulose ; first and third joints of hind tarsi of nearly equal length ; third pulvillus nearly as long as the other two. Key to the Sjjecies. 1 (6) Frontal carina rounded. 2 (3) Median carina of pronotum well marked persoiatiis, Bol., p. 58. 58 ACRYDIIN^. 3 (2) Median carina of pronotum undulated. 4 (5) Wings two millimetres longer than pronotum ; the latter smooth interniptns, Brunn., p. 59. 5 (4) Wings one millimetre longer than pro- notum ; the latter finely granulose . , scabripes, BoL, p. 59. 6 (1) Frontal carina flattened between au- tennte jyarvus, Hanc, p. GO. 56. Euparatettix personatus, Bol. Paratettix personatus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 188, 278. Euparatettix personatus, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 145, 146, 155, 156, pi. ii, fig. 10, pi. iii, fig. 20; id., Gen. Ins. Orth. Tetrig. 1906, p. 55, pi. iii, fig. 32. Fig. 5: -Euparatettix personatus Body finely rugose, browu or reddish brown, often varied with grey. Antennae rather long, sometimes annulated ^ith white. Head prominent, vertex raised in front, narrower than the eye; frontal costa strongly arched in front, towards the base sloping, and entire. Pronotum narrow, pointed at the extremity, generally pro- duced considerably beyond the hind femora, but shorter than tlie wings ; median carina complete, strongly marked, slightly sinuated between the shoulders ; hinder angle of tlie lateral lobes narrowly rounded. Tegmina oval, rounded at the tips. Front femora slender, almost entire ; tibise and tarsi mostly blackish, ringed with white ; hind tibise black, often with a broad wliite band near the base and spines ; pulvilli of first joint of hind tarsi straight beneath, the third not much longer than the second. Length 11-13 mm.; pronotum, 8-11 mm. : hind femora, 4-5 mm. I> DiA ; Burma ; Ceylon ; Java ; Philippines. Frequents grassy places and rice fields in Ceylon. Fis 53. — EujMrateftix perso)iatus. EUPARATETTIX:. 59 57. Euparatettix interruptus, Bnmn. Paratettix interniptus, Brunner, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 189;1, p. 109. Head raised, eyes rounded, vertex narrower than the eye, frontal carina rounded, shghtly produced. Pronotum smooth, produced and pointed, subconstricted before the shoulders ; the front marginal carina) sliort, slightly converging behind the median carina, waved, not strongly marked and slightly crenulated. Wings two millimetres longer than the pronotum. Four anterior femora narrow ; hind femora with the upper carina terminating in an obtuse tooth near the apex. Le}}f)tU 8-9 mm.; pronotum, lO-G-11 mm.; hind femur, 5-5*8 mm. BuuMA : Karen Hills, Bliamo, Teinzo. According to Brnnner von AVattenwyl, both the foregoing species sometimes exhibit velvety black spots on the pronotum. 58. Euparatettix scabripes, BoJ. Paratettix scabripes, Bolivar, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxix, 1898, p. 76 ; id., Ann. Soc. Ent, France, Ixx, 1902, p. 585. Eeddish or grey, varied with brown or whitish, minutely granu- lose. Head slightly raised ; vertex rather narrower than the eye, sepai'ated behind from the occiput by transverse folds, in front slightly narrowed, ascending, the median carina slender, ab- breviated behind, with a raised cannula on each side below the eye ; frontal costa but little produced, slightly sinuated behind the antennae ; eyes not prominent. Pronotum produced behind, finely granulose, rather convex before and between the shoulders, the middle carina subcompressed, undulated, the process at the base slightly excavated, the lateral carina granulose, when seen from above distinctly" expanded and undulated ; hinder angle of the lateral lobes slightly turned outwards, rounded-truncate. Tegmina oblong, punctured ; wings longer than the pronotum, and varied outwardly with brown. Front femora slightly waved above ; middle femora with the carinas compressed and dilated, waved, ciliated beneath ; hind femora short, upper carina? crenu- lated towards the tip, lobate, outer surface with rather compressed prominent ridges ; hind tibiae brown, banded with white ; first joint of hind tarsi longer than the third ; pulvilli acute, the third shorter than the two basal ones together. Length 6-5 mm. ; pronotum, 10 mm. ; hind femur, 5*5 mm. E. Bengal : liajshai ; Sumatra. Type in Bolivar's collection. 60 ACETDTINvE. 59. Euparatettix parvus, Uanc. Eiiparatettix ixirims, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 145. Body small, slender, rugose. Head slightly rounded, A'ertex narrower than the eye, not produced. Frontal costa flattened between the eyes, and slightly convex between the antennae ; the latter moderately long, lilifiorm. Pronotum flattened and rugulose above, median carina irregular, lateral carina well marked in front of humeral angles ; several small subsidiary carinas in the disc. Tegmina oval, rounded at the tips ; wiuga extending considerably beyond the pronotum. Hind tarsi spinose, brown, with two slight pale bands. Length 9*7 mm.; pronotum, 8 mm.; hind femur, 3"9 ram. Ceylon : Elephant Pass, Northern Province (E. E. Green). Genus PARATETTIX. Paratetti.r, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 187, 195, :?70; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 110, 144; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 52, 55 ; Jacobs & Bianchi, Pram. Loznos. Ross. Imp. 1902, pp. 164, 175, 211. Type, Tetrix meridionalis, Ramb. Range. Cosmopolitan. Body granulose, slightly rugose. Vertex horizontally not broader than the eye, carinated in the middle, more or less con- cave on the sides, bounded in front by sinuous carinulse, and scarcely produced between the eyes ; frontal carina between the eyes curved, sloping towards the base, rarely sinuated ; antennse filiform, long, 14-jointed, placed scarcely before the eyes ; palpi not dilated, concolorous. Pronotum rather flattened, truncate in front, generally produced behind beyond the hind femora, the middle carina slightly raised, the humeral angles obtuse, lateral lobes bi sinuated behind, the lower sinus straight or pointed, the hinder lateral angle turned dowu, with the tip rounded off. Tegmina oval, punctured: wings generally longer than the pronotum. Front femora compressed, carinated above, usually undulated ; hind tibiae with the apical third distinctly expanded aud spinose; first joint of hind tarsi longer than the third, pulvilli acuminate, flattened below, the third pulvillus generally longer than the first two together. Key to the Sjyecies. 1 (2) Pronotum without a median carina lalteatus, "Walk., p. 61. 2 (1) Pronotum with a median carina. 3 (4) Middle carina of pronotum depressed in front, and ceasing before reacliing the front margin scaher, Thunb., p. 62. PARATETTIX. 61 4 (3) 5 (6) 6 (5) 7 (6) 8 (5) 9 (10) 10 (9) 11 (12) ly (11) 13 (14) 14 (13) Middle carina of pronotiuu continuous to front margin. A short raised line on each side between the shoulders. The short line curved ?* variahUis, Bol., p. 62. The short line straight dursifer, Wallc, p. 63. No short line between shoulders. jNIiddle carina of pronotum strongly marked, distinctly arched, not depressed behind . , cingalejisis. Walk., p. 63. Middle carina less strongly marked and more or less depressed. Carinse of the hind femora entire indicus, lioL, p. 64. Upper carina of hind femora more or less liuely serrated. Femora densely hairy beneath . . hirsutus, Brunn., p. 65. Femora less densely hairy beneath suhhirmtus, Brunn., p. 66. 60. Paratettix balteatus, Wall: Tettix balteata, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M., v, 1871, p. 82S. Grey. Head [now wanting] small, with the usual looped keel, whitish about the mouth ; eyes very prominent. Pronotum Avith a broad black transverse band above, just before the bind coxae ; this is concave before and behind, and marked with a white spot on each side behind ; the pronotal process tapers, but at the tip is shortly truncated, with a fine spine on each side ; it is also marked with several transverse blackish bands towards the extremity. Tlie wings project considerably beyond the process, and are hyaline, varied with brown, and marked alternately with brown and hyaline on the costa towards the tip. Legs wliitish, with blackish rings and markings ; femora moderately stout, hind femora* and hind tarsi largely rufous. Ab- domen short, white at the extremity, blackish towards the base above and at Fig. 5i.—Pamie(tic the sides. balteatus. * [The specimen identified by Mr. Kirby in the British Museum Collection as variabilis has tiie short carina curved, but Bolivar's description does not mention this.] t [Owincr to the position of the hind femora the raised nodosities are not shown in the figure. Examination of additional material indicates that the species should be referred to the genus Ergatettix (p. 69).] 62 ACRTDIIN.E. Length of the body, 4,^ liues ; expansion o£ tlie hind wings, 9 lines. S. IXDIA. Described from the much damaged type specimen. Tijpe in the British Museum. 61. Paratettix scaber, Thunh. Acrydium scabrum, Thunberg, Nuva Acta Uppsal., vii, 1815, p. 159. Tettix suhpustulata, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p. 819. Tettix t^caher, Stfil, Recen. Orth. i, 1873, p. 149. Paratettix scaber, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 188, 279 ; id., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 585. Brown or blackish, scabrous, with very small darker granules. Head moderately produced, vertex not prominent, narro\\er than the eye, narrowed and subangularly rounded in front, and cari- nated in the middle. Pronotum produced behind, much con- stricted in front, the back transversely convex between the shoulders, the middle carina slightly raised, more compressed in front, and obsolete before reaching the front margin ; hinder angle of the lateral lobes narrowly rounded off at the tips ; a w'hite spot on each side of the pronotum in the typical form, behind which is a black spot followed by a small whitish dot. Tegmina twice as long as broad, closely punctured ; wings longer than the pronotum, iridescent, with brown borders. CariniB of the front femora straight ; front tibiae ringed with white, hind tibia pale, at least at the base ; hind tarsi pale, the first joint much longer than the third ; pulvilli pointed, the third as long as the first two together. Length 8-10 mm. ; pronotum, 10*o-12"5mm. ; hind femur, 5'5- 6'5 mm. Madras : Trichinopoly ; Za>-zibar ; Portuguese East Africa ; Cape Colony ; Gtaboox. 62. Paratettix variabilis, Bol. Paratetti.c variabilis, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 188, 276 ; id., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 585. Brown or ferruginous, slightly rugose. Vertex narrower than the eye, cariiiated in front on each side, frontal costa arched and rounded, projecting between the eyes. Pronotum much produced (or, in varieties, scarcely produced beyond the hind femora), back nearly smooth, the middle carina acutely compressed in front, with a raised line on each side of the disc between the shoulders, obsolete before and behind ; hinder angle of the lateral lobes acutely triangular. Tegmina rounded at the tip : wings 2 or 3 millimetres longer than the pronotum in the typical form. Front femora with tlie carina? straight ; middle femora long and linear ; TARATETTrX. 63 hind tarsi with the two basal piUvilU acutely pointed at the tip, the third pulvillus rather longer than the second. Length 7-10 mm.; pronotum, 9-11 mm.; hind femur, 5-5- 6*5 mm. Madras : Madura ; Borneo ; Philippixes. Type in the British Museum. 63. Paratettix (?) dorsifer, Walh. TettAx donifem, Walker, Cat. Derm. Sak. B.M. v, 1871, p. 825. Fawn-colour, each side a the median behind the Eyes very prominent, much raised above the vertex, which is narrower than an eye, slightly convergent in front, and con- siderably produced between the antennae, which are placed below the eyes ; the carina of the vertex is imperfect above. Front area of pronotum transversely ridged and tuberculate, with the carina much raised, the hinder part of the carina depressed and serrated ; on short raised carina between carina and the shoulders ; shoulders a triangular black mark on each side, the hinder part of the pronotum gran- ulose and very slender, extending much be- yond the hind" femora. Tegmina oval, rather narrow; wings extending beyond the pronotum, narrowly rounded at the ex- tremity, and with light and dark spots along "the costa. Front femora widened and flattened, hind femora rugose and tuberculate. Bombay. The type in the British Museum does not agree well with Walker's description, but there is no other specimen to which it could apply. Fig. 55. — Paratettix dorsifer. 64. Paratettix cingalensis, Wallc Tettic cingalensis, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p_. 827. __ Paratettix variec/atiis, Bolivar, Ami. Soc. Ent. Belpf. xxxi, Ibbi, pp. 188, 272, 280 ; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, pp. 108, 144. Brown or ferruginous, or grey, varied ^vith white. Head slio-htly raised, vertex truncated in front, as broad as the eye, frontal costa sloping towards the base in front. Pronotum much longer than the hind femora, ruguh)se punctate, sometimes spotted with brown and white; the middle carina compressed, continuous, strongly marked, raised and regularly arched in front ; a short carina on each side on the anterior margin of the front lobe, each G4 ACRYDIIJf^. followed by a short transverse one. Lateral carinse incurved in front, and with a short straight carina thrown off opposite the curve, but not quite touching it in front ; hind lobe of lateral angles narrowly rotund-truncate at the tips with the outer margin subreflexed. Tegmina broadly rounded at the tips ; wings Fig. 56. — Farcdettix cingalensis. hyaline, brown on the costa, with indistinct pale spots towards the extremity ; much longer than the pronotum. Front femora slightly waved ; hind femora crenulated above, with a small lobe before the tip ; tibiae pale, spotted with brown, hind tibiae spined ; pulvilli acute at the tips, the third longer than the second. Anal appendages of female very large, and bifid at the extremities. Length 7-7'5 mm. ; pronotum, 9-10 mm. ; hind femur, 5-6 mm.; expanse of wings, 14 mm. Ceylon. Type in the British Museum. Walker's type is a uniform brown specimen with all the markings obliterated, probably by spirit. There is, however, a second well-marked specimen in the collection, Manting only antennae. 65. Paratettix indicus, Bol. Paratettix indicus, Bolivar, Ami. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 188, 272, 281 ; id., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 585. Pale red or brown. Vertex slightly nan'owed in front, frontal costa somewhat sinuated behind the antenna, slightly produced before the eyes. Pronotum smooth, rather depressed, and very obtusely tectiform, middle carina only slightly raised. Femora with PARATETTIX. 65 the carinsB entire ; hind tarsi with the pulvilli sharply pointed, the third pulvillus longer than the first tvA'o together. Length 8-10 mui. ; pronotum, 10-11 mm. ; hind femur, 5-6 mm. Madras: Madura; China. Types in the collections oF Pantel and Bolivar. 60. Paratettix hirsutus, Bninn. Paratettix hirsutus, Brunner, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893, p. 110 pi. y, fig. 43. Allied to P. iyidlcus. A^ertex as broad as the eye ; frontal costa slightly produced, rounded. Pronotum with small granules ; rather broad between the shoulders and depressed behind, the front marginal carinas parallel, the middle carina continuous Fig. 57. — Paraic/fLv hirsutus. not waved. Wings extending 4 or 5 millimetres beyond the pronotum ; or shorter than the pronotum in the form in which the pronotum is shorter than the hind femora. Femora compressed, dilated, not undulated ; hind femora with the upper carina narrowly serrated, and with a large raised tooth before the extremity ; hind tibiae with two whitish bauds. Lem/th 8'8-12 mm. ; pronotum, 11*8-14 mm. ; hind femur, 6*5-7-5 mm. Burma : Teinzo, Katha, Bhamo. 66 ACRYDIlN.i:. Fig. 58. — Taratdiix scmihirHtifus. 67. Paratettix semihirsutus, Brunn. Faratettic semihirsutus, Brunner, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 110. Moderately stout. Vertex as bi-oad as the eye ; frontal carina slightly produced, rounded. Pronotuin with very small un- equal grauules, not very broad between the shoulders, the anterior carinas con- verging behind, the median carina complete, undulated behind the shoulders. Wings 2 mm. longer than the pronotum. Four front femora compressed and dilated, not undulated, rarely hairy ; hind femora with the upper carina very jiarrowly serrated, and terminating in a tooth before the extremity ; hind tibiae brown at the base and pale towards the tips. Length 9 mm. ; pronotum, 11 mm.; hind femur, 5*2 mm. BuRiiA : Karen Hills. Genus ACRYDIUM. Acn/dium, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 278; Leach, Edinb. Encycl. ix, 1815, p. 120. Acridium, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii, 1801, p. 30. Tetri.v, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust, lus. iii, 1802, p. 284, xii, 1804, p. 161 ; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl ii, 1904, pp. 108, 110, 141 ; id.. Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 52, 57. Tettix, Charpentier, Germ. Zeitschr. Ent. iii, 1841, p. 315; Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxvii, 1887, pp. 187, 195, 257. Bulla, Schrank (hcc Linn.), Enum. Ins. Austr. 1781, p. 242. Type, Gnjllns suhulatus, Linn. Range. Cosmopolitan. Body smooth, shghtly rugose. Head not raised, vertex usually broader than the eye, with the sides more or less sinuated, carinated, subangulately rounded, in protile distinctly produced and slightly pointed before the eyes; froutal costa generally sinuated before the autennas; antenna very short, not extending to the humeral angles and often shorter than the head, rather thick, with from 12 to 14 joints, and inserted hardly before the eyes.' Pronotum with the back ridged, rarely depressed, only slightly expanded between the shoulders, truncated or augulated in front, and pointed and produced behind about as far as the hind femora; humeral angles very obtuse, hinder angles of the lateral lobes slightly and obliquely turned outwards ; lateral niaro-ins of the lower ones straight, or subsinuated at the base. Legs simple, carinse of the femora rarely waved; hind tibiae linear. ACRYDIUM, 67 slender, sometimes slightly widened towards the tips ; the carina? serrulate, spiny, unarmed on the inner carina for the apical fifth ; first joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than tiie third. When the pronotum is produced beyond the hind femora, tegmina and wings (extending beyond the pronotum) are usually present. Key to the Species. 1 {2) Pronotum and wings extending far beyond the hind femora atijpicale, Ilanc, p. 67. 2 (1) Pronotum and wings httle, if at all, produced beyond the hind femora. [p. 69. 3 (4) Pronotum with four black spots quadriplagiatum, Walk.", 4 (3) Pronotum with only two black spots. [p. 68. 5 (6) Median carina of prouotmn undulated, dilatatum, De Haan, 6 (5) Median carina of pronotum regularly arched. 7 (8) Body not hairy beneath bijnmctatum, L., p. 68. 8 (7) Body hairy beneatli atypicale, form cei/lonum, [Hanc, p. Q7. 68, Acrydium atypicale, Banc. Tettix atypicalis, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 142, 155, pi. iii, fig. 14. Body slender, granulate-punctate, grey or reddish, legs ringed with brown. Vertex as wide as the eye and produced in front ; antennae rather short, filiform. Pronotum truncate in frunt^ produced behind considerably beyond the bind femora ; a brown spot on each side behind ; raised between the shoulders, humeral angles acute, median carina continuous, regularly arched in front, and somewhat depressed behind. Tegmina oval, rounded at the tips; wings considerably longer than the ])ronotum. Femora slightly compressed, the carina? finely serrulate; hind tibi^ spinose, first and third joints of hind tarsi of nearly equal length, pulvilli pointed at the ends, third as long as the first two together.' Margins of legs, mouth-parts, and under surface hairy. Ovipositor short, the upper part rather wide. Length 11-5-14 mm.; hind femur, 5-5 mm. Ceylo]^ ; Kandy, Peradeniya, Dikoya. Taken on grassland and at light in February, July, and November. Micropterous Form. Acrydium atypicale ceylonum, Hanc. Tettix atypicalis ceylonus, Hancock, Spol. Zevl. ii. 1904. nn 108 142, 143. ' VV ^ A small form, with the pronotum and wings more or less abbreviated, and tlie middle femora expanded in the male. ^2 68 ACETU1I^^^. Length 6-9-10 mm. ; hind femur, 4'2-5 mm. Ceylon : Maslieliya, Pundaluoya. Takeu in January, March, April, and August. 69. Acrydium dilatatum, Be Haan. Acridiuvi {Tettir) dUatatum, De Ilaan, Teinmiucli, Verhandel., Ortli. 1842, pp. 167, 169, pi. xxii, fig. 12. Tettix dilatahis, Bolivar, Ann. >Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 187, 257, 260 ; Brimner, Ann. Mas. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 109. Ferruginous brown. Vertex broad, frontal carina? compressed, raised, and sinuated ; eyes prominent. Prouotum truncated in front, dilated, produced behind to the extremity of the abdomen, sometimes as far as or further than the hind femora ; median carina tectiform before the middle; depressed behind the shoulders, and partly obliterated by a row of tubercles. Wings abbreviated, twice as long as the tegmina. Femora with waved caringe, the hind femora spined at the tips, and with the outer area tuberculate or rugose ; hind tibiae spinose. Length 9-14 mm. ; hind femur, 5'5 mm. BuEMA : Karen Hills, 4000-4300 ft. ; Java, 70. Acrydium bipunctatum, L. Gryllus {Btdla) bipunctatiis, Linnajiis, Syst. Nat. (ed. x), 1758, p. 427. Tettix bipvnctatus, Brunner, Prodr. Ent. Orth. 1882, pp. 2.34, 235 ; Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 187, 258, 263; id., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, p. 585. Acrydium biininctatum, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. iii, 1910, p. 33. The extensive synonymy of this species is given by Brunner von Wattenwyl and Kirby, and need not here be repeated. Fig. 59. — Acrydium hipmictatum. Eather stout, colour excessively variable ; brown or luteous, varied with grey and brown ; nearly always with two triangular satiny black spots on the pronotum behind the shoulders. Vertex a little broader than the eye, and slightly produced in front ; frontal costa slightly waved behind the antennae, Pronotum truncated m front, not produced behind beyond the hind femora, ACRYDIU-U. ERGATETTIX. 69 Fig. 60. — Acri/diic? hlpunctaium. Fig. 61. — Acrydium quadrij)lagiai uiii. and often shorter, carina continuous, raised and gradually arched in front, and shglitly depressed behind ; front cariuse .slightly waved. Wings as long as the pronotum in the male ; in the female much shorter and nearly obsolete. Hind femora tiiickened, the carinae sharp, but not undulated ; first joint of hiucl tarsi with the pulvilli rounded beneath, the third as long as the first two together. Length 7-11*5 mm.; hind femur, 5-5-5 mm. Madras ; Kodaikanal ; N. & W. Asia ; Europe. 71. Acrydium quadriplagiatum, WaVc THtix quadriplcK/iata, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. V, 1871, p. 828. Brown, stout, granulated, apterous. Vertex wider than the eye, raised above the eye into an obtuse angle, and forming a rounded projection between the antennte ; cheeks and front of pronotum with raised granules. Median carina on pronotum raised between the shoulders, straight, continuous, and tectiform ; carinae of front area distinct ; disc with two black spots on each side before the middle, the hinder- most pair the larger; the apex extending about as far as the hind femora and covering the abdomen as far as the base of the appendages. Legs paler than the body, and obscurely banded with blackish ; middle femora considerably compi-essed and expanded, hind femora with several incomplete longitudinal rows of small blackish spots on the upper and lower outer areas ; hind tibiae spinose ; first joint of hind tarsi much longer than the third, the pulvilli pointed beneath, the first two of equal length, and the third Imlf as long again as the second. NOBTH IXDIA. Tiipe in the British Museum. G-enus ERGATETTIX, nov. Type, Ergatettix tarsalis, sp. nov. Eyes moderately prominent, separated by a space equal to 70 ACRYDIIX.E. nearly one of them ; antenna? slender, moderately long, inserted just below the eyes, beneath which the front projects slightly. Pronotum somewhat rugose ; the median carina distinct, undu- lating, extending considerably beyond the hind femora and the abdomen, \\hich are of about equal length, but rather shorter than the wings ; beyond the level of the abdomen it is very slender. Pour front femora compressed and widened; hind femora thickened, somewhat nodulose; middle tibiae compressed and widened to^vards the base ; hind tibiae with terminal spines, those in the carinje very small ; hind tarsi with the first joint much longer than the third, with four moderate equal pulvilli beneath. 72. Ergatettix tarsalis, sp. nov. Dark brown or reddish brown, the antennae sometimes with Fig. &2:—Ergatcttiv tarsalis. pale rings. Pronotum usually \\ith a more or less distinct transverse black band, or two large spots just behind the level of the hind coxae. Hind femora often with one or two black spots above, towards the extremity ; hind tibiae black, \\\t\\ two white bands. Length, from head to tips of wings, 12-15 n)m. Bexgal : Calcutta, Types in the British Museum and Calcutta Museum. Genus SPADOTETTIX. Spadotettix , Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. vi, 1910, p. 146. Type, Spadotettix Jletcheri, Hanc. liavge. Ceylon. Apterous, face very oblique, vertex broader than the eye ; median carina angulate, produced before the eyes. Pronotum truncate anteriorly, extending to the eyes, lateral lobes with the hinder angles slightly reflexed outwards, obtuse and obliquely truncate behind. Fig. ^?,.— Ergatettix tarsalis. SPADOTETTIX. HEDOTETTIX. 71 73. Spadotettix fletcheri, Ilanc. SpadotettixJIefcIieri, Hancock. Spol. Zeyl. vi, 1910, p. 147, figs. 1, 2. Small, apterous, dark brown. Vertex wide, produced beyond the eyes, with a projecting median carina, face obHque, eyes small ; antenniij slender, with 13 or 14 joints, inserted opposite the anterior lower angle of the eyes. Pronotum granulated, median carina biundulate. Front and middle femora compressed, hind femora with the lower margin " triundulate, bearing a small median lobe"; hind tibia? black, with a slight yellow ring behind the knee; carina? serrate-spinose ; first joint ofhind tarsi slightly longer than the third ; first joint wiUi the first and seTOnd pulviili pointed, the third more flattened below. Length 8 mm. Ceylon : Madulsima, 3500 ft. " On mossy rocks." Genus HEDOTETTIX. Hedotettix, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 18S, 195, 283; Hancock, Spol. Zevl. ii, 1901, pp. 108, 111, 148; id.. Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 52, 60. Type, Acridium (TettLv) gracile, De Haan. Range. Indian Eegion, Australia, Africa, Madagascar. Body slender, nearly smooth or only slightly granulated. Head not prominent, vertex not broader than the eye, carinated in the middle, generally expanded and transversely carinated in front, frontal costa arched between the antennae, not sinuated between the eyes; antennae filiform, rather short, inserted between the eyes. Pronotum truncated and obtusely augulated in front, long and pointed behind, the median carina slightly compressed and continuous ; hinder angle of the lateral lobes very narrowly rotund-truncate, or slightly pointed. Tegmina rounded at the tip, rarely pointed ; wings generally as long as the pronotum. Legs compressed, front femora entire or indistinctly undulated, hind femora with the carinte granulated ; tibiae regularly spined ; first joint of the hind tarsi long, the third joint shorter than the first. Keg to the Species. 1 (2) Frontal carina widely sulcate, the rami widened between the eyes gracilis, De Haan. 2 (1) Frontal carinte nearly straight, not suddenly divergent between the eyes attemiatus.. Hanc. Species incertae sedis lineifera, A^'alk. 72 ACRYDIINyB. 74. Hedottetix gracilis, De Haan. Acridiam {Tettir) t/racile, De Haan, Temminck, Verliandel. Orth. 1842, pp. 167, 169. Hedotettix gracilis^ Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 188, 283, 284 ; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 149, 156, pi. iii, tig. 19. Tettix discalis, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p. 826. Tettix umbrifera. Walker, op. cit., 1871, p. 824. (?) Tettix lincata,, Walker, op. cit. Suppl. 1871, p. 90. Hedotettix festivus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1837, pp. 188, 284, 286, pi. V, iig. 24. Hedotettix yracilis abortus, Hancock, Spol, Zeyl. ii, 1887, pp. 188, 284, 286, pi. V, fig. 24. Tettix obliquifera, AValker, op. cit. p. 825. Var. Tettix vittifera, Walker, op. cit. p. 824. Var. Tettix nif/ricollis, Walker, op. cit. p. 826. Loug and slender, very variable in colour, yellow, varied with brown and rosy, or brown and green, with pale or reddish central and lateral cariuse, a black oblong spot on each side before the lateral carina in front, and a narrow angulated black mark touching the lateral carinte just behind the shoulder. Vertex as broad as the eye, front rounded, face nearly straight and slightly oblique. Pronotum truncated in front, acute behind, and produced considerably beyond the hind femora ; hinder aijgles of lateral Fig. C4. — Hc'doiciiix gracilis. lobes slightly angulated, with the outer margin thickened. Tegmina blackish, oval, rounded at the ends ; wings as long as or much longer than tlie pronotum, extending nearly or quite to the tips of the tibiae. Legs pale, often \Aith darker rings ; front femora compressed and cariuated, especially the middle ones ; hind femora with the upper outer area blackish, the slightly obhque wrinkles separated by paler lines ; hind tibia:^ finely spinose ; first joint of hind larsi nearly twice as long as the third, pulvilli pointed at tips, the third scarcely longer than the second. Lencjth 12-15 (in micropterous form, 9-10) mm,; hind femur, 4*9-6 mm. N. Inbia ; Bombay ; Madras : Trichiuopoly ; Burma : Teinzo, Eangoou ; Jata : Krawang ; Celebes : Tondauo. HBDOTETTIX, 73 75. Hedotettix atteniiatiis, Heme. Hedotettix aitenuatus, Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. lOS, 149, 151, pi. iii, %. 18; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, p. 60, fig. 23. Body very slender, vertex uari-ower than one of the eyes, subtruncate in front, and scarcely raised above the eyes ; median carina of pronotum hardly compressed. Colour very variable, sometimes with a broad longitudinal stripe of emerald green, which fades after death. Length 10-5-14 mm. ; hind femur, 4-5-6-7 mm. Ceylon: Colombo. Fig. 65. — Hedotettix gracilis Fis;. 66. — Hedotettix liiieifera. 76. Hedotettix (?) lineifera, Wall: Tettix lineifera, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt, v, 1871, p. 824. Differs from H. gracilis in the pronotum being slightly raised and undulated along the central keel ; the upper surface is brown, Mith several raised longitudinal whitish lines. Length, to end of pronotum, 16 mm. ; to end of wings, IS mm. Bombay. I should have regarded this insect as another variety of the very variable JI. gracilis, but for the longitudinally ridged pro- notum. It should perhaps form a new genus ; but I have only two specimens before me in too bad condition to describe in detail. 74 ACRTDIIN.T]:, Genus COPTOTETTIX. Coptotettix, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 188, 195, 287 ; Hancock, Spol. Zevl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 111, 152; id., CJen. Ins., Ortb. Tetiig. 1906, pp. 52, 65. Type, Coptotettix as^ieratus, Bol. Ramie. Indian Eegion, Australia, West and East Africa. Body more or less rugose or granulated. Head not prominent, A'ertex smooth, narrowed in front, the frontal carinulae interrupted internally, or recurved ; frontal costa rounded, more or less produced ; antennas long, filiform, inserted between the eyes. Pronotum truncated in front, produced behind only as far as the hind femora ; or else very long and pointed ; median carina almost always depressed, very rarely ridged. Tegmina oblong : wings often abbreviated. IVont femora generally long, with parallel carinae ; hind femora long, with the carinse entire or crenulated ; first joint of hind tarsi longer than the third. Keij to the Sj^ecies. Tegmina and -wings absent. Colour black ; hind femora with a tooth above before the extremity . . Colour luteous ; hind femora with no tooth above before the e.-?tremity . . Tegmina and wings present. Pronotum not extending beyond the tip of the abdomen; wings more or less rudimentary. Median carina of pronotum ridged. . . . Median carina of pronotum depressed. Pronotum and wings extended beyond the abdomen. Pronotum \evy rugose testacetis, Pol., p. 77. Pronotum only slightly rugose interrvpfus, Bol., p. 78 1 2 (4) (3) 3 (2) 4 5 a) (8) 6 (7) 8 (6) (5) 9 10 (10) (9) kitifrojts, Brunn., p. 74. acideterm{n(it2/s,livunn.f [p. 75. foxsulafiis, Bob, p. 76. capitatiis, Bol., p. 76. 77. Coptotettix latifrons, Brunn. C'nptotetfic lat/'frong, Brunner, Ann, Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893, p. 112, pi. V, fig. 44. Black, stout, rugose. Vertex about twice as broad as the eye ; Fig. ()7. — Cojitotettix latifrons, 9- antennte slender, inserted between the eyes ; the frontal carinae distinctly converging. Pronotum with the carina ridged and COPTOTETXIX. YD slightly arching in frout, where it is parallel to the two short frontal cariiiae; pronotuin as long as the abdomen, the surface Mith numerous raised granules. Tegmina and wings obsolete. Legs very hairy, front femora and tibiae compressed and expanded, and the former strongly carinated ; hind femora denticulated above, with a strong tooth before the extremity ; the upper outer Fig. 68.— Coptoidtix latifrom, ^ ■ Fig. 69.— Copiotettix latifrons, $ . area with a row of large granules, and the middle area trans- versely striated, with another row of tubercles above its lower margin ; hind tibia) strongly spinose ; hind tarsi reddish, with the first joint longer than the third, and the pulvilli pointed and of nearly equal length. In the male the hind tibiae are dull orange, tipped with black. Length 10 mm. ; hind femur, 6-5 mm. Bengal : Pusa ; Buema : Pegu. Taken in Mav and November. 78. Coptotettix acuteterminatus, Bno\n. CoptotettLv acutetermmatus, Brumier, Ann. Mas. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 112. A smaller species than the last, and testaceous. Pronotum less strongly granulated, the median carina ridged throughout, the margins of the lateral lobes more arched, and spotted at that place M ith black ; the pronotum shorter and more pointed at the 7G ACRYDIIN.^. extremity, and the upper carina of the hind femora continuous, witliout any antegenicular tooth. Fig. 70. — Copfo/cftLv acutetcrminatus. Length 7 ram.; l)ind femur, 5 mm. EuEMA : Pegu. 79. Coptotettix fossulatus, Bol. CoptotettLv fossulatus, Bolivar. Ann. Soc. Eiit. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 188, 287, 288; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii. 1904, pp. 108, 153. Pale grey, varied with brown, rugose-tuberculate. Head not prominent, vertex as broad as the eye, sb'ghtly pitted on each side, not produced in front, frontal costa between the eyes considerably arched and rounded ; antennas inserted between tlie eyes. Pronotum tectiform in front, flattened behind, and as long as the abdomen ; disk rugosely tuberculate, concave behind the sliouklers; median carina raised in front, and several times interrupted behind ; hinder process on both sides with a slightly compressed irregular carina towards the lateral carinjB, tlie deflexed lobes much sinuated beneath ; hinder angle of the lateral lobes broad, with the tip roundly truncate. Tegmina very small, slightly pointed ; wings rudimentary. Intermediate femora ratlier broad, the upper carina scarcely raised behind the middle ; hind femora broad, hind tibiae slightly spinose ; first joint of hind tarsi much longer than the third; pulvilli pointed at the tips, the third joint longer than the second. Length 8 nnn. ; hind femur, 4-5 mm. Ceylon. 80. Coptotettix capitatus, Bol. Cojjtotetti.r capitntus, Bolivar, Aim. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 188, 287, 289 ; Brimuer, Ann. Mus. (Jeuova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 111. Dull ferruginous, rugose. Head not prominent, vei-tex con- siderably broader than the eye, flattened, distinctly narrowed in front and produced before the eyes ; frontal costa arched and produced between the eyes ; antennae inserted almost between the eyes. Pronotum flattened, rugosely tuberculate ; median carina continuous, little raised, and slightly sinuated before the shoulders ; frontal lateral carinas parallel ; disk with two short COPTOTETTIX. 77 oblique ridges between the shoulders, converging behind ; humeral angles obtuse, and within them a nearly straight carina running backwards to the tip of the pronotum, the latter not covering the abdomen ; hinder angle of the lateral lobes narrowly and roundly subtruncate at the tips. Tegmina very small ; wings rudimentary. Front femora very long, with nearly straight carina?, hind femora with the apical half more slender ; pulvilli of the first joint of the hind tarsi pointed, but not spinose at the tip, the third pulvillus rather longer than the second. Length 11 mm. ; hind femur, 7*5 mm. Burma : Karen Hills, 4700-5000 ft. ; Java. Species incertce sedis. Acrydium indicum, Oliv. Acrydium indicum, Olivier, Encycl. M6th., Ins. vi, 1791, p. 234. Uniform blackish. Pronotum smooth, median carinse not much raised ; produced behind rather beyond the abdomen, but much shorter than the wings, which are transparent, with the outer border brown. Size of T. sulndatus, L. East Indies. [In a note Mr. Kirby suggests that this may be Coptotettix cajyitatus, Bol.] 81. Coptotettix testaceus, Bol. Coptotettix testaceus, Bolivar, A.nii. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 189, 288,291 ; Hancock, Spol. Zeyl. ii, 1904, pp. 108, 153. Testaceous yellow, varied with brown and grey. Head not prominent, vertex narrower than the eye, narrowed in front, not produced before the eye when seen from above : frontal costa arched and slightly sinuated before the median ocellus ; antennae inserted between the eyes. Pronotum produced beyond the abdomen, the disk flattened, rather convex between the shoulders, with I'ound tubercles ; depressed before the shoulders, with the front marginal lateral carinae short ; hind part of pronotum with scattered elongate wrinkles ; hinder angle of the lateral lobes triangular, with the tip narro\\iy subtruncate. Tegmina oblong, with the tips rounded ; wings fully developed. Pemora banded with brown, narrow, long, with the carinas very slightly waved ; hind femora strongly granulose ; first joint of the hind tarsi much longer than the third, and distinctly serrulated above; third pulvillus shorter than the first two together. Length 10 mm.; pronotum, 12-5 mm. ; hind femur, 7 mm. Ceyloin". Type in the collection of I. Bolivar. IS ACRi'DIIN.E. 82. Coptotettix interruptus, Bol. Coptotettix interruptus, Bolivar, .Viiu. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 189, 288, 291. Dull feiTiiginous-brovvn. Vertex much narrower than the eye, somewhat narrowed iu front, not produced before the eye, with the anterior carinae much interrupted on the inner side ; frontal costa much arched and produced between the eyes, distinctly sinuated before the median ocellus ; antennae iuserted between the eyes. Pronotum produced beyond the abdomen, with the disc flattened, nearly smooth, but sometimes finely granulate, rugose, with two short carinae before the shoulders ; median cariuae slightly raised and compressed, straight, crested in front, but towards the front margin suddenly depressed and obliterated ; frontal lateral carina diverging in front, liinder angle of the lateral lobes with the tip rounded. Tegmina short, oval ; wings much longer than the pronotum. Femora long, with the carinae crenulated ; first joint of hind tarsi with the third pulvillus scarcely longer than the second. Length 9 mm. ; pronotum, 11 mm. ; hind femur, 6 mm. BuBMA : Bhamo, Eangoon, Karen Hills ; Java. Group VI. BATRACHIDIINl. One genus only is represented within the geographical limits of this work. Genus SAUS3URELLA. Saussurella, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, ] 887, pp. 189, 196, 303; Hancock, Gen. Ins., Orth. Tetrig. 1906, pp. 67, 72. Type, Acridium (TettLv) comutum, De Haan. Range. The Indian Region. Body granulose. Vertex broad, convex, but not spiny, shortly carinated on each side near the eyes, face slightly oblique ; frontal costa depressed, slightly raised between the antennae, and suddenly depressed between the eyes, very broadly sulcate, with the carinas nearly parallel : antennae inserted between the eyes, which are slightly pi'ominent; palpi moderately compressed. Pronotum produced in front above the head, with a straight median carina ; produced behind beyond the hind femora, the deflexed lobes bisinuated behind, with the lower sinus arched. Tegmina ovate ; Avings perfectly developed. Pemora multicarinate ; front femora above sulcated, intermediate femora mucronate at the tip, hind femora slender, with the carinje serrulated ; the femoral spine small, the genicular spine moderately produced ; hind tarsi with the carinae nearly parallel and equally spinose, and with the first and third joints of equal length. SAUSSURELLA. 79 Key to the Sj^ccies. 1 (2) Front of pronotuui straight ciicullifera, "Walk. 2 (1) Front of pronotum ending in a dccurved process decurim, Brunn. 83. Saussurella cucullifera, Wallc Tettix cucullifera, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, p. 829. Saussurella cornuta, Bolivar {iicc De Ilaan), Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi, 1887, pp. 189, 303 ; Brunner, Ann. Mas. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 113, pi. V, fig. 45. Reddish grey, vertex twice as broad as the eye, but eDtirely covered by the pronotum, on the sides of which the pro- minent eyes are conspicuous ; antennae rather long and slen- der, filiform, inserted between the eyes ; the frontal carina slightly projecting between the antennae. Pi'onotum pro- jecting rather beyond the eyes in front, where it is obtusely pointed, and extending be- hind, where it is more gra- dually and acutely pointed, beyond the abdomen and the hind femora ; strongly ridged, and the median carinas con- tinuous and slightly raised between the shoulders, the sides and hind part of the pronotum being somewhat depressed ; the surface appears finely pubescent. Tegmina black, with pale bands ; wings hyaline, fawn-coloured along the costa. Legs unicolorous, except that the knees of the middle and hind legs, and the terminal joints of the tarsi, are black. Length 13-16 mm.; hind femur, 6'4-S mm.; exp. of wings, 22 mm. Burma : Pegu, Palon ; Chijta : Amoy, Hong Kong. Type in the British Museum (from Amoy). Confounded by authors with Acridium ( fettix) cormdnm, De Haan, from Java and Borneo ; but in that species the frontal pro- jection of the pronotum is longer and more slender than in S. cuciiUifera, and there is a conspicuous yellow spot on the hind femora. Fig. 71. — Saussurella cucullifera. 84. Saussurella decurva, Brunn. Saussurella decurva, Brunner, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 113, pi. V, fig. 46. Larger than the last species, with the frontal extremity of the 80 EUMASTACIN.li:. pronotum longer, ruore slender and hooked downwards at the tip, and the lateral lobes more produced externally. Length, pronotmn, 19 mm.; hind femur, 8mm. Burma : Palon. Subfamily II. EUMASTACIN^. Key to the Groups. 1 (4) Frontal costa between the anteiinaB smooth, more or less dilated. 2 (3) Pronotum tectiform and foliaceoiis ; hiud femora dilated and com- pressed Xiphicerini, p. 80. 3 (2) Pronotum with the back smooth ; hind femora not dilated Erianthini, p. 86. 4 (1) Frontal costa narrow, subsulcated. 5 (6) Autennte generally long-, more or less clavate Gonipho^nastacini, 6 (5) Antenupe shorter than the front femora, not clavate JSniciini, p. 94. Group I. XIPHIOERINI. Key to the Genera. 1 (4) Front smooth or granulated. 2 (3) Hind tibiae lobate ; wings caudate . . Xiphicera, p. 80. 3 (2) Hind tibiae not lobate; wings not caudate Piiyllochoreia, p. 4 (1) Front rugose, with raised tubercles. .5 (6) Pronotum shorter than the height of the head and not covering it; tegmina obliquely truncate at ex- tremity SCIRTOTYPUS, p. 84. 6 (o) Pronotum longer than the height of the head, and covering the fastigium of the vertex ; tegmina lanceolate at extremity Orchetypus, p. 84. Genus XIPHICERA. Type, Gryllus gallinaceus, F. Range. India, Singapoi-e, Java, Borneo. Head perpendicular or slightly oblique ; eyes long, oval, approxi- mating above, front raised above the eyes into an obtuse or slightly bitid point directed forwards ; antennae short, 12-jointed. XIPHICERA. 81 Prothorax greatly compressed and foliaceous, covering the head and a great part of the abdomen. Tegmina coriaceous, pointed at the tip, with tlie hind margin oblique ; rather shorter than the wings, which are hyaline, with brown tips and margins ; tip pointed, hiud margin with a deep concavity below. Abdomen corapi-essed, with a strong middle carina. Legs compressed, carinated, hiud femora strongly serrated, hind tibiae laminated and spinose above, and first joint of tarsi serrated beneath. Key to the Species. Pronotum uniform brown ruyifrons, sp. n. Pronotum with a vitreous spot feneatrata, Serv. [85. Xiphicera rugifrons, WaterJionse, sp. nov.* 2 . Eather dark brown, the back of the head, the lateral lobes of the pronotum, and the lower part of the posterior femora some- what paler. Head flat in front, with numerous rugulae, two of which start at a short distance front the front margin aud diverge to the anterior angles. Pronotum finely asperate. Tegmina Fig. 7'2. — Xiphicera rugifrons. naiTOw, reticulate, obliquely truncate at the apex. Wings ex- tending a short distance beyond the tegmina, transparent smoky- yellow, the costa near the apex and the apex itself dark brown, strongly arcuate towards the apex, and then sinuate, with a deep rectangular incision behind, so that the apex is caudiform. Front femora very broad ; the intermediate ones less so. Posterior femora with seven acute teeth on the upper carina. Length 33 mm. Ceylon. Type in the British Museum.] 86. Xiphicera fenestrata, Serv. Choreotypusfcnestratus, Serville, Ins. Ortli. 1839, p. 7oZ. Uniform dead-leaf colour. Thorax with well-marked oblique lateral nervures, its front edge vertical and the upper extremity produced into a point over the head. A perfectly round vitreous spot about the middle of the side of the pronotum. Lenyth 20-22 mm. [*A figure of this species had been prepared by iilr. Kii'by, but he had not named or described it. — C. O. W.] Q 82 eumastacin.u, Bengal. Type in the Piiris Museum. I am very doubtful as to the identificatiou of this species ; and I should not be surprised if Choreotijpus fe nest rat us proved to be a species of Phi/llocJioreia. Genus PHYLLOCHOREIA PJiyllochoreia, Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist. n. s. iii, 1839, p. 495. Type, Phyllocliorela unlcolor, Westw. Range. India, Ceylon, Borneo. Body greatly compressed, Pace perpendicular, pointed and sometimes slightly curved forward above, broader below than above. Antennae short and slender, with distinct joints, the two basal joints thicker. Pronotum raised into a high leaf-like expansion, truncated in front, or slightly curved forward over the head, triangularly produced behind, and overshadowing more or less of the abdomen. Tegmina and wings more or less abbre- viated, not caudate. Prosternum not spined. Legs long, simple ; hind femora thickened, hind tibise curved, hind tarsi 3-jointed, the first joint undulated beneath ; arolium between the claws very large. Key to the Species. 1 (2) Dorsal carina of pronotum nearly straight, slightly depressed beyond the middle unicolor, Westw., p. 82. 2 (1) Doi'sal carina of pronotum regularly arched. 3 (4) Tegmina rather broad, lanceolate . . equa, Burr, p. 83. 4 (3) Tegmina very narrow, obliquely truncated at the extremities asina, Burr, p. 83. 87. Phyllochoreia unicolor, Westiu. Phyllochoreia unicolor, Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist. n. s. iii, 1839, p. 495, and p. 492, fig. 6 ; Saussure, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi, 1903, pp. 55, 58, Phyllochoreia sulcata, Saussure, Rev. Suisse Zool, xi, 1903, pp. 55, 59. Brown. Antennse 14-jointed ; head finely granulated, the Fig. 73. — Phyllochoreia unicolor. summit pointed, when seen in profile ; a slender black line PHYLLOCIIOEEIA. 83 running from the ejes to the mandible. Pronotum finely granu- afed, the dorsa carina nearly straight and slightly depressed beyond the middle, extending nearly to the apex of the abdomen, legmma and wings moderately broad, slightly pointed at the extremity and about as long as the pronotum, which is only slightly shorter than the abdomen. Hind tibiae greenish Length 29-32 mm. Madras: Malabar. MS^um" ^''^ ^'''^'''''^ Museum; that of P. sitUata in the British 88. Phyllochoreia equa, Burr. Phyllochoreia equa, Burr, Ann. Soc. Espafi. xxviii, 1899, p. 301 pi S fi""2 ''^"''' '^^"««^""«' I^^v. Suisse Zool. xi, 1903, pp. h^, o6, Green or ochreous. Antennae 10-jointed ; head narrowed and rather pointed above, very broad below the eyes, wdth a short black hue on each side near the lower end of the face. Pronotal crest more or less projecting roundly over the head, regularly arched above, and extending nearly to the middle of the abdomen. Tegmma ra her broadly pointed at the extremity, with a row of 6-8 long black spots in the discoidal area. Wings subhyaline, Fig. li.—PhijUochoreia equa. Straight, parallel rounded at the extremity. Hind femora broad much compressed, denticulated above; hind tibiae slender, with the upper carinse closely denticulated. Length: ^ 26-44 mm., 6 16 mm. Ceylox. Type in the Oxford Museum. 89. Phyllochoreia asina, Burr. PkyUochoreia asmn, Burr, Ann. Soc. Espau. xxviii, 1899, pp. 301, Pale testaceous. Front smooth. Pronotum with the front angles rounded, the crest not much arched, its hinder angle acute, with the hind margin obliquely truncated. Hind femora much g2 84 . EUMASTACIN.E. compressed. Tegmiim rather narrow, projectiug beyond the hind femora, and dark at the tip. Length 13 mm. Ceylon : Hambantota. Type in the Oxford Museum. Genus SCIRTOTYPUS. Scirtotypus, Brunner von Wattenwyl, Abb. Senckeub. Ges. xxiv, 1898, pp. 216, 220 ; Burr, Gen. Ins., Ortb. Eumast. 190-3, pp. 3, 4. Type, Scirtotypus aherrans, Brunn. Range. Ceylon, Borneo, W. Africa. Fastigium of the vertex obtuse, but the occiput raised behind it, and obtusely pointed and carinated. Prouotum closely granu lated, shorter than the height of the head, with the crest raised and serrulated. Tegmiua broader towards the extremity, and obliquely truncated ; wings shorter than the tegmina. AH the femora much compressed and dilated, \\\t\\ the hind pair serrated above ; hind tibiae armed above with large spines, and with a large triangular lobe near the base. Valves of the ovipositor smooth. 90. Scirtotypus greeni, Burr. Scirtotypus fjreeni, Burr, Ann. Soc. Espan. xxviii, 1899, pp. 99, 100. S. Brown. Fastigium of the vertex perpendicular, truncated at the tip. Pronotum compressed, strongly crested, with the dorsal carina oblique in front, and strongly excavated behind, with the hind margin acuminate, with the point in the form of a hook. Tegmina narrow, parallel-sided, obtusely truncated, brown at the base, then hyaline; tip brown, with a hyaline spot towards the extremity of the inner margin. Wings longer than the tegmina, with the tips brown and caudate. All the femora much compressed, with the upper cai'ina denticulated ; hind tibia? sub- sinuate, lobate, with the lobes not denticulated, brown, with indistinct pale rings, and the spines with pale markings. Abdomen compressed, carinated ; cerci short, conical, incurved ; subgenital lamina short. Length 9"7o mm. ; pronotum, 2'75 mm. ; tegmina, 10 mm. ; hind femur, 9 mm. Ceylox : Pundaluoya. Type in the Oxford Museum. Genus ORCHETYPUS. Orchetypus, Brunner, Abb. Senckenb. Ges. xxiv, 1898, pp. 216, 220.'; Burr, Gen. Ins., Ortb. Eumast. 1903, pp. 3, 5. Type, Orchetypus stibinincatus, Brunn. ORCIIETYPUS. 85 Range. Ceylon, Congo. Characters of Scirtoti/pns, but the front rugose and the pro- iiotum less strongly so, and with some obsolete nervures ; tegniiua lanceolate, shorter than the wings. Ovipositor with the lower valves serrulated. Keif to the Species. 1 (2) Dorsal carina strongly excavated before the extremity subtnuwatus, Brunn. '2 (1) Dorsal carina not strongly excavated before the extremity. .3 (4) Dorsal carina regularly rounded rotundatus, Brunn. 4 (3) Dorsal carina arched in front and depressed behind ceyloiiicus, Karsch. 91. Orchetypus rotundatus, Brunn. Orchetypus rotundatus, Brunner, Abb. Senckenb. Ges, xxiv, 1898, pp. 21G, 2i^0. Crest of the pronotum regularly rounded. Length, 30 mm. ; pi'onotum, 13 mm, Ceylox. Tijpe in the collection of Brunner von Wattenwyl. 92. Orchetypus ceylouicus, Karsch. Choroetypiis ceyZo«i«^''>s, Vs'eatw., p. 87. 3 (2) Wings strongly sinuated apically, the apex itself very acute bi/ichis, sp. n., p. 87. 4 (1) Vertex not bifid. 5 (8) Vertex pointed, subrefiexed. [p. 89. 6 (7) Tegmina acutely pointed aotfipenju's, Sauss., 7 (6) Tegmina obtusely pointed ijuttatus, Westw., p. 88. 8 (5) ^"ertex more or less rounded. 9 (10) Wings brown hir/uoris, Brunn., p. 89. 10 (9) Wings more or less yellowish hyaline. EEIANTIIUS. 87 11 (12) Tegmina brown, with or without whitish spots deforatus, Brunn., p. 89. 12 (11) Tegmina pale. [p. 90. 13 (14) Tegmina hyaline, unspotted hmnbertiamis, Sauss., 14 (13) Tegmina spotted. 15 (16) Tegmina with two hyaline spots .... /lavipes, Sauss., p. 90. 16 (15) Tegmina with one hyaline spot .... birmanicus, Sauss., p. 90. 94. Erianthus affinis, Westtv. Masta.v affinis, Westwood, Arcana Ent. ii, 1843, p. 54, note._ Erianthus acuticarinatws , Brunner, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893, p. 117, pi. V, fig. 48; Saussure, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi, 1903, pp. 78, 80, pi. iii, fig. 11. Brown, inclining to rufous, rastigium of the vertex erect, very broad, and more or less bifid at the extremity. Pronotum rugose, -with a high irregular median carina. Tegmina with ferruginous network, the sjiaces between subhyaline, especially above the prin- cipal nervure, and an oblique wliitish stripe at about four- fifths of the inner margin, running towards the tip. AVings fulvo - hyaline, with ferruginous uervures, and a narrow brown hind margin. Abdomen ferruginous brown, especially at tlie extremity. The upper appendages of the female are finely serrated, not coarsely and irregularly, as in Saussure's figure, and the lower appendages have three small teeth before the extremity. The male has a small white spot towards the apex of the tegmina. Eemora blackish, strongly compressed and laminate-carinate above and below ; hind femora with three white bands, and the upper carina terminating in a sharp triangular tooth. Length 25-32 mm. ; exp. of tegmina, 35-48 mm. Assam : Sylhet ; Burma : Teinzo. Tiij)e in the Oxford Museum ; that of acxiticurinatus in the Genoa Museum. Fig. 75. — Erianihus offinis. 95. Erianthus bifidus, sp. nov. Dark brown, with the carina) of the face pale, and the legs with rather indistinct pale spots. Vertex almost perpendicularly raised between the eyes, and slightly notched at the extremity ; 88 EUMASTACIN^. Fig. 76. — Erianthus bifidus. pronotum strongly ridged, rectangular beyond the middle, and pointed beliind. Tegmina slightly widened towards the apex, and trun- cated at the tip, hyaline, broadly brown along the lon- gitudinal nervures, brownish towards the base, and with the outer third brown, marked with two or three irregular hyaline spots. Wings transparent, witli the ti|) vei'y acute and brown, l^ront femora broadened and flattened ; hind femora strongly serrated above ; hind tibiae with a large triane;ular excrescence near the base, and with numerous short spines, interrupted by a few longer ones ; the legs are black, with paler spots, and the tibial spines are mostly black, but the appendage and the spines placed on the pale spaces are pale. Antennae short, the basal half whitish, except the second joint which is black ; the outer half is brown. Length 15 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 25 mm. Ceylon : Kandy. Fig. 77. — Erianthus hifidus (larva). Type in the British Museum. Taken 26th July, 1910: also Octeber. larvae in June, July, and 96. Erianthus guttatus, Westw. Mastax guttata, Westwood, Arcana Ent. i, 1841, p. 100, pi. xxvi, fig. 3. Erianthus guttatus, Bruimer, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xxiv, 1898, pp. 222, 223. Erianthus versicolor, Brumier, op. cit. pp. 222, 224. Blackish, face and head below the eyes more or less yellow. Tastigium of the vertex erect, pointed ; antennae thickened in the male, filiform in the female. Pronotum nearly smooth, with a slight median carina, and obtusely angulated behind ; the sides broadly and the extremity narrowly yellow. Tegmina brown, the interspaces subhyaline, and tw^o large white spots, one on the costa near the tip and the other at five-sixths of the length EUIAKTHUS. 89 of the hind margin; liind margin regularly oblique. Wings hvaline, clouded towards the extremities. Abdomen much thickened before the extremity, and tlie lower valves in the female thick and strongly recurved. Length 17-18 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 32-42 mm. Burma: Karen Hills, Pegu; Mj;.lay States: Singapore; Cambodia; Sumatra; Philtppi:xes. Tijpe in the British Museum ; that of E. versicolor in the collection of Brunner von Wattenwyl. Westwood does not mention, nor represent in his figure, the yellow borders of the proiiotum. 97. Erianthus lugiibris, Bmnn. Erianthus luqiihru, Brunner, Abli. Renckenb. Ges. xxiv, 1898, pp. 22:?, 22'o ; Saussure, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi. 1903, pp. 78, 83. Olive-brown, face and under surface pale yellow. Fastigium of the vertex short, obtuse. Prouotum rounded at the tip, and sharply carinated above. Tegmina narrow , parallel-sided, uniform chestnut-brown ; wings blackish, with wliite spots and markings towards the tip, or brownisli hyaline, ^^•ith blackish Mhite-spotted tips . Length 30 ram., tegmina, 17-21 mm. SiKKIM, 98. Erianthus defloratus, Brunn. Erianthus defloratus, Brunner, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 116; id., Abh. Senckeub. Ges. xxiv, 1898, pp. 222, 221; Saussure, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi, 1903, pp. 78, 81. Chestnut-brown, face oUve, sides of prouotum often yellowish. Tastigium of the vertex obtuse, carinated. Median carina of prouotum acute, but not lobate. Tegmina brown, more or less subhyahne towards the base, and with or without a subhyaline spot at three-quarters of the inner margin ; \\ings yellowish. Hind femora unspotted. Length 18 mm. ; tegmina, 19 mm. Burma ; Bhamo. Type in the Genoa Museum. 99. Erianthus acutipennis, Sauss. Erianthus acutipennis, Saussure, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi, 1903, p. 78, pi. iii, fig'. 8. Uniform chestnut-brown, Fastigium of the vertex raised, rather pointed, rugose in front. Prouotum strongly carinated, rectangular and truncated behind. Tegmina hooked and pointed at the tip, with two hyaline spots. Wings yellowish hyaline, darker towards the extremity, ^ith two hyaline spots : tlie hind 90 EUMASTACIIfyE. margin slightly sinuated, and the tip pointed. Hind femora with brown and pale bands on the inner surface and beneath ; the upper margin denticulated and the tip with a long hook ; hind tibiae obscurely banded with yellow. Length 31 inm. ; tegmina, 22 mm. Assam: Kha&i Hills. Type in the Geneva Museum. 100. Erianthus flavipes, Sauss. EriantJms Jlavijies, Saussure, Eev. Suisse Zool. xi, 1903, pp. 78, 79, pi. iii, fig. 10. Chestnut-brown or reddish, rastigiuni of the vertex rounded, cheeks rugose-punctate ; face yellow to the vertex. Prouotuui carinulated, not pointed in front. Tegniiua pale chestnut, sub- hyaline, with two pale spots ; obliquely truncated before the tip. Wings narrow, gclden-hyaline. I'our front legs concolorous ; hind femora pale yellow, the tip narrowly black, and the base brownish. Length 28 mm.; tegmina, 23 mm. Burma : Karen Hills. Tiijye in the Geneva Museum. 101. Eriaiithus birmanicus, 8auss. Erianthus hirmauicus, Saussure, liev. Suisse Zool. xi, 1903, pp. 78, 82, pi. iii, tig-. 12. Head olive ; fastigium of the vertex parallel-sided, truncated at the tip, slightly arched, as is also the occiput. Pronotum black, with a slightly crested and nearly straight carina. Tegmina narrow, subhyaline chestnut, with one hyaline spot at one-third of the length of the inner margin. Wings 3'ellowish hyaline. Front legs slender, hind femora yellowish, more or less trifasciate with black ; tibiae and tarsi and abdomen above j^ellow. Length IT'S mm.; tegmina, 18'5 mm. Burma : Bhamo. Type in the Geneva Museum. 102. Erianthus humbertianus, Sauss. Erianthns humbertianus, Saussure, Eev. Suisse Zool. xi, 1903, pp. 78, 83, pi. iii, fig. 9. Chestnut, varied with yellow. Head rather large, face broad ; front between the antennae broad, scutellum I'ather broader than long, foveolate ; fastigium of the vertex short, quadrate, sub- convex, broadly truncated at the tip. Pronotum saddle-shaped, carinulate. Tegmina very narrow, rounded at the tip, sub- hyaline, with brown nervures, and finely spotted with brown at the tip. Wings hyaline, rounded and slightly brownish at BENNIA. 91 the tips. Legs rather thick ; front femora scarcely dilated, hind femora not banded with black ; tibiae with four yellow rings ; tarsi yellow. Length 26'5 mm. ; tegmina, 21 mm. Ceylon. Type in the Geneva Museum. Genus BENNIA. Bennia, Burr, Ann. Soc. Espafi. xxviii, 1899, pp. 88, 94, lOG; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Eumast. 1903, pp. 6, 9. Type, Mastax innotata, Walk. Range. Yunnan, Bhutan. Fastigium of the vertex projecting horizontally beyond the eye, and truncated at the extremity ; ej^es very large, oval, and prominent ; antennae subclavate ; face with lateral carinae curved inwards at the eyes, middle carinas moderately divergent, but united at the extremities. JCei/ to the Sjyeeies. Tegmina not spotted at base innotata, Walk. Tegmina spotted with brown at base oherthuri, Bol. 103. Bennia innotata, ^Valh. Mastax innotata, Walker, Cat. Derm. vSalt. B.M. v, Suppl. 1871, p. 88. Bennia innotata, Burr, Ann. Soc. Espau. Ili.st. ISat. xxviii, 1899, p. 106 . [Ferruginous, slender. Head elongate, obliquely but abruptly ascending ; tip of vertex conical, prominent, shghtly bilobed. Face long, oblique, with four well-defined keels ; inner keels forming the frontal costa con- verging and meeting at a short distance from the cly- peus ; antennae black, short, pale at the base ; eyes ellip- tical, prominent. Prothorax short, widened posteriorly, Avith a sliglit median carina. Posterior femora as long as \, ;: the abdomen ; tibiae slender, % ii piceous, a little longer than the femora ; spines small. Fig. IS.— Bennia innotata. Tegmina narrow, very slightly infuscate, hyaline, with two pale spots near the apex, the anterior one very small, the posterior one occupying six or eight of the cells. Wings slightly paler 92 EUMASTACINJi. than the tegmiua, transparent ; the apical l)alf of the costal margin dark brown. Length 14 mm. ; pronotum, 3 mm. ; tegmiua, 20 mm. ; posterior feninr, 8 mm.] TUNNAK. Tyj)e in the British Museum. 104. Beunia oherthuri, BoJ. JSennia obcrthuri, Bolivar, Bol. See. Espafi. iii, 1903, p. 303. [Olivaceous. Head reddish, striped with fuscous beliind the eyes ; eyes red, variegated with yellow. Pronotum rugulose, anterior margin someA\hat reflexed, median carina narrow, slightly compressed, posterior margin obtuse-angular ; the deflexed lobes posteriorly distinctly higher, lower margin sinuate. Tegmina of male scarcely projecting beyond the apex of the hind femora, fuscous, with the veins olivaceous, the base spotted with fuscous ; those of tlie female not reacliing the apex of the femora. Wings of male obscurely fuscous, those of the female spotted with yellow. Posterior tibise reddish. Length, c?, body 20; pron. 2-8 ; tegm. 10 : fem. post. 12 mm. $, „ 81; „ -1; „ 16; „ ,. 10 „ British Bhutan : Maria Basti. Dr. Bolivar states (l. c.) that he lias had this species in his collection under the manusci'ipt generic name of Butania, but not being satisfied that it is distinct from Bennia, Burr, which is imperfectly defined, he adopts Bennia pending further investiga- tion, and gives the following characters of his species : — " Fastigium verticis dimidia longitudine oculi muito brevius obtusum, subhorizontaliter productum, antice truncatum. Occiput obtuse carinatum. Prons valde obliqua, elongata. Costa fron- talis ante apicem abbreviata, ante ocellum subcoarctata, inter antennas ampliataatque deplanata ; carinis lateralibus fronte prope oculos fractis. Oculi elongati. Antennae breves. Pronotum in modum generum Eiipatridem constructum. Elytra apicem fe- morum posticorum baud vel vix superantia apicem versus indis- tincte ampliata apice oblique rotundato-truncata. Alse baud cycloidese, f uscae, parte antica apice rotundata. Femora comjjressa, carinis baud dilatatis. Femora postica elongata parum pone medium fiUformia, supra carinis duabis denticulatis, subtus carina media mutica. Tibiae posticas superne carina externa spinulis parvis aeque longis, carina interna spinis longioribus iuaequalibus numero 20-22 arinata. Metatarsus posticus superne carinis ambobus denticulatis. Abdomen 6 apice valde clavatum. Val- vulcG superiores ovipositoris elongate serrulatse ; iuferiores grosse dentatSB."] GOMPnOMASTAX. 93 Group III. GOMPHOMASTACINI. Genus GOMPHOMASTAX. Gompohmasta.v, Bruiiner, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xxiv, May 1898, p. 232 ; Burr, Ann. Soc. Espaa. xxviii, 1899, pp. 89, 94, 107 ; id., Gen. Ins., Orth. Eumast. 1903, p. 9; Jacobs & Bianchi, Prera. Loz. Boss. Imp. 1902, pp. 164, 175, 211. Paver amis, Kraiiss, Ann. Mus. Zool. Petersb. iii, June 1898, p. 108. Type, Gomphomastax autennatus, Brunn. Range. N.W. India, Central Asia. Body slender. Frontal costa narrow bet^veen the antennto, deeply sulcated, and produced to the labrura. Antennae half as long as the head, with distinct joints, and more or less clavate. Pronotum short, subimpressed, with a median carina, and trun- cated behind. Tegmina and wings wanting. Anal segment narrow in the male ; supra-anal lamina triangular, sulcated ; subf^enital lamina large and rounded. In the female the upper valves are crenulated, and the lower ones armed with a few teeth. Legs slender; as long as the abdomen in the female; longer in the male. Key to the Sj^ecles. Antennas nearly as long as the body, strongly thickened (mtennatus, Brunn. Antennre half as long as the body, slightly thickened constrictus, Briuin. 105. Gomphomastax antennatus, Brunn. Gomphomasta.v ayitennatus, Brunuer, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xxiv, 1898, p. 232, pi. xviii, hg. 34 ; Jacobs & Bianchi, Pram. Loz. Ross! Imp. 1902, pp. 175, 212. Testaceous brown. Antenna) nearly as long as the body, clavate at the tips. Pronotum slightly compressed, olive-brown, banded with black on each side, and a black band interrupted' by an oblique pale line on the first segment of the abdomen. Length 15 mm. ; pronotum, 2 mm. ; hind femur, 12 mm. . Kashmik. Type in the collection of Brunner von Wattenwyl. 106. Gompiomastax constrictus, Brunn. Gomphomastax cojistrictus , Brunner, Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xxiv, 1898, p. 233. Antenn£8 scarcely half as long as the body, slightlv thickened towards the tips. Pronotum rugose, with the deflexed lobes black, and the interior margin pale. Length 11 mm. ; pronotum, 2 mm. : hind femur, 9 mm. Punjab. Type in the collection of Brunner von Wattenwyl. 94 EUMASTACIX^. Group IV. ERUCIINI. Genus MASTACIDES. Mastackles, Burr, Ann. Soc. Espafi. xxviii, 1899, pp. 89, 94, 111 ; id., Gen. Ins., Ortli. Eumast. 190o, pp. 10, 11 ; Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 586; Saussure, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi 1903, p. 86. Type, 31astacides pupceformis, Burr. Range. South India. Head obliquely ascending ; frontal ridge between the antennse very narrow, sulcated ; fastigium of the vertex very slightly raised, front sloping, carinated ; antennae very short ; eyes I'ound, prominent, Pronotum truncated in front, with a very slight median carina indented behind. Tegmina rudimentary, wings wanting. All the femora thickened ; the four front tibia? with three small spines on each side ; hind femora slightly denticulated above, first joint of hind tarsi spiny on the outer margin. Abdomen slender, carinated, with the last segment expanded in the male into a large subgeniial lamina ; the supra-anal lamina lobate. In the female the upper and lower lamina? are long, slender, and entire. Key to the Species. 1 (4) Vertex simple. 2 (3) Carinpe of vertex slightly raised .... pupcefonnis, Burr, p. 94. a (2) Carinte of vertex not raised pterolepis, Burr, p. 95. 4 (1) Vertex with two slight elevations. . vaginalis, Sauss., p. 95. 107. Mastacides pupseformis. Burr. Mastacides p)up(pformis, Burr, Ann. Soc. Espan. xxviii, 1899, pp. 89, 91, 112; Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 587, pi. ix, fig. 27. Pubescent, green, front yellow. Carina of the vertex slightly raised; eyes black; antennae reddish, except the basal joint. Pronotum uith the outer margin slightly waved. Tegmina very narrow, as long as the metauotum, yellow, with or without a brown line. Hind femora reddish on the inner side ; hind tibiae ver}'^ narrow, pilose, with black-tipped spines ; first joint of hind tarsi spined on the inner side only. Abdomen with the last dorsal segment deeply cleft in the male, and divided into two lobes sinuated on their inner side ; supra-anal lamina of the male large, broad, oblong, sinuated on both sides at the tip, and sul- cated in the middle; in the female it is lanceolate; subgenital lamina in male large, cucullated, with the hind margin truncated, tin-ned up and thickened ; subgenital lamina of female deeply excised. Length 12-16 mm. ; pronotum, 1*8-2 mm. ; hind femur, 9- 10 mm. Madras : Kodaikanal. Tgpe in the collection of Dr. Bolivar. MASTACIDES. 95 108. Mastacides pterolepis, Burr. Mastacides jyterolepis, Burr, Ann. Soc. Espafi. xxviii, 1889, pp. 89, 111, 112 ; Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 588, pi. ix, fig. 28. Greenish, front yellow. Fastigium of the vertex scarcely raised above the eyes, with the margins scarcely thickened ; eyes very prominent. Tegmina very short, like yellow scales, only extend- ing to the hind border of the mesonotum. Last dorsal segment oi the abdomen in the male broadly and semicircularly sinuated, with the lateral angles sharply produced, and the median sinns bidentate. Supra-anal lamina broadly longitudinally carinated in the middle, and lanceolate in the female. Subgenital lamina large, obtusely triangular in the middle behind, and in the female deeply excised. Lewjtli 13-14 mm. ; pronotum, 2 mm. ; hind femur, 9-11 mm. Madras : Madura, Ivodaikanal. Tifpe in the collection of Dr. Bolivar. 109. Mastacides vaginalis, Sauss. Ifastacides vaginalis, Saussure, Rev. Suisse Zool. xi, 1903, p. 87. Green or yellow. Costal ridge sulcated, bioarinate, with the summit somewhat broader, and bipupillate. Tegmina squami- form, very narrow, lateral, hardly passing the mesonotum. Front legs slender, tibiae spined beneath ; tibijB and tarsi yellow (some- times rosy in dried specimens) with black-tipped spines : the hind femora sometimes brown and black on the outer surface ; the first tarsal joint rufescent, finely sulcated. The eighth dorsal seg- ment of the abdomen wholly visible, obtuse- angularly incised, with the lateral angles rectangular, or rounded off. Supra-anal lamina long, ovate-lanceolate, blunt at the tip. Genital valves long, very slender, styliform, hardly sulcated, nearly straight, with the margins entire, blunt above at the tip, with a very small hook beneath. Length 14 mm. ; tegmina, 1-5 mm. ; hind femur, 10 mm. Madras : Kodikam Hills. Type in the collection of the late Capt. Finot. Subfamily III. TRYXALIN.E. Key to the Genera. ri (6) Head conically ascending. Fastigium broad, laminate and truncate at extremity. i , rJ^I.^^C^'- ■ 2 (5) Eyes near the apex. 3 (4) Sexes similar ; front margin of teg- mina opaque, densely reticulated. Aceida, L., p. 97, 90 TRYXALIIs^.Ti. 4 (3) Sexes dissimilar ; front niargiu of tegmina in the male in part trans- parent and traversed by regular transverse nervvn-es Acridfxla, BoL, p. 100. 5 (2) Eyes nearer the base than the apex. Aswatthamanus, g. n., tj (1) Head not ascending. Fastigiuni [p. 101 broad or narrow, more or less rounded at extremity. 7 (20) Foveolse of vertex obsolete or not visible from above. 8 (15) Scapular area in the tegmina of the male not dilated, opaque, reti- culated. 9 (14) Lateral carina} of pronotum straight, continuous. 10 (11) Wings perfectly developed riiL^OBA, Stal, p. 102. 11 (10) Wings not developed ; tegmina rudi- mentary. 12 (10) Lateral carinte of fastigium obtuse ; foveolpe imperfectly indicated ; pronotum eniarginate behind ; tegmina narrow,subparallel-sided, rounded at apex Phl^i^obida, Bol.,p. 107. 13 (12) Lateral carinas of fastigium acute ; foveolse absent; pronotum trun- cate behind; tegmina lanceolate. Paraphl^eoba, Bol., 14 (9) Lateral cariua3 of pronotum diverging [p. 108. posteriorly Ceracris, Walk., p. 110. 15 (8) Scapular area dilated, hyaline, reti- culated with oblique veins. 16 (17) Foveolae of fastigium very narrow, inferior ; antennae depressed, sub- ensiform ; lateral carina3 of pro- notum straight; metasternal lobes contiguous for some distance be- hind the foveaj Ochrilidia, StfJ, p. 115. 17 (16) Foveolse wider ; antennae filiform ; lateral carinse of pronotum flexu- ous ; metasternal lobes subcon- tiguous behind the fovere. 18 (19) Tegmina extending beyond the apex of abdomen Gymnoboihuus, Bol., 19 (18) Tegmina reaching the middle of the [p. 113. abdomen Maduuea, Bol., p. 114. 20 (7) Foveolaj of vertex visible from above, rhomboidal, oblong or triangular. 21 (22) Tegmina rudimentary ; foveolse of vertex triangular, extended to apex of fastigium Zygothl^^oba, Bol., 22 (21) Tegmina and wings developed. [p. 105. 23 (34) Intercalated vein wanting or inter- rupted. 24 (33) Valvulse of ovipositoi- exserted, free. 25 (32) Pronotum constricted. 26 (29) Mediastinal areaof tegmina gradually narrowed to the apex. 28 (27) 29 (26) 31 (30) 32 (25) 33 (24) 34 (23) 35 (36) 36 (35) ACRIDA. gy 27 (28) Upper and lower valves of ovipositor furnished with a tooth Stenobothrus, Fischer Valves without teeth. i-p j.jq' Mediastinal area rapidly narrowing-, not generally extended beyond the middle of the tegmen. 30 (31) Lateral carina of pronotuiu angu- Tp ^27 ^^ted Staurodkrus, Bol Lateral carinc-e parallel Ohorthippus, Fieb Pronotum not constricted; lateral rp"l28 carin;B entirely dorsal Aulacobothrus, BoL ' V alves of ovipositor covered by the fp ] 93 supra-anal lamina ; Dociostaurus, Fieb ~" Intercalated vein present. r„ i\q Intercalated vein in the middle of cell or nearer the radial vein .... ^^olopus, Fieb. p. 121 Intercalated vein nearer the ulnar ' •' f • -^ • than the radial Mecostethus, Fieb [p. 112. Genus ACRIDA. Gryllus Acrida, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat, (ed. x) i, 1758 p 427 Acrida^^t^l, Kecens. Orth.'i, 1873, pp. 88, 95; Burr,' Trans. Ent boc. Lond. 1902, pp. 149, 155. Truxalis, pt., Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 279 ; Serville Ins Orth 1839, p. 578. Tryxalh, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. ix, 1835, p. 216 ; Bolivar, Feuille Jeunes Nat. xxiii, 1893, p. 101. Type, Acrida turrita, L. Range. Old World. Head very long, sloping upwards, fastigiiim oF the vertex extended considerably in front of the eyes, broader than the space between them, and roundly' trun- cate at the extremity; beneath the extremity there is a double carina, traversing the face to the end of the clypeus, and enclosing the median ocellus; below the eyes, and | of the length from the tip of the fastigium are the antennce, which are short, broad, depressed, and tapering;' behind each antenna runs °a lateral carina below the eye, and there are two more behind 'each eye, besides a slight median carina; the eyes long, oval; the . • , 1 • P . „ foveolae of the vertex small, triangular, and inferior. Pronotum tricarinate above, and with obscure carina on the sides ; lateral carinas straight, at least on the front area, the upper carina of the lateral lobes parallel to H A B. Fig. 79. — Side view of head of (A) Acrida, (B) Stauroderus. 98 TRYXALIN.'E. the dorso-lateral carina, or slightly diverging from it towards the front border. Tegmina and wings long, narrow, and pointed ; tegmina similar in both sexes, with the mediastinal and scapular areas not expanded and irregularly reticulated and coloured ; the third radial nervure of the tegmina and the first branch of the radial nervure of the wings branching at or before the middle. Front legs short, hind legs and abdomen long ; hind tibiae with the upper interior spur nearly one-half shorter than the lower one; claws of the tai:si short; arolium large. Key to the Species. 1 (4) Wing-cells not centred with fuscous. 2 (3) Body and tegmina without piniiish markings ; pronotum without black lines turrita, L., p. 98. 3 (2) Body and tegmina with pinkish mark- ings yitiantea, Hbst., p. 98. 4 (1) Wing-cells centred with fuscous. 5 (6) Tegmina very narrowly edged with pink- Jj^ ish-browu ; length of body 30 mm. . . lufficbris, Burr, p. 99. "^ ^--/^^^ 6 (o) Tegmina without distinct coloured mar- gin ; length of body 50 mm exaltata, Walk., p. 99. 110. Acrida turrita, L. Grijllus Acrida tun-itus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. x) 1758, p. 427. Gri/Uus Acrida nasutus, pt., Linnaeus, Mus. Ludov. Ulric. 1764, p. 118. Truxalis nasutus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 1776, p. 279. Grreen ; tegmina long, narrow and pointed, extending when closed beyond the abdomen ; head slender, longer than the pro- notum by the length of the fastigiinn in front of the eyes ; wings hyaline, pointed at the extremity. S. Europe ; ArmcA ; Asia.. 111. Acrida gigantea, Hhst. Truxalis yiganteus, Ilerbst, Fuessly, Archiv. Ins. 1794, p. 191, pi. lii, fig. (). Head slightly, if at all, longer than the pronotum, and often shorter. Green ; head and pronotum with 2 or 3 pale pink bands on each side; tegmina with two broad pink longitudinal bands, between which is often a whitish line, generally broken into long spots, bordered with blackish ; wings hyaline. Lateral carinse of pronotum edged within with a black line. In one specimen the wings are tessellated with brown, almost as in A. lugnhris. Length 50-60 mm. Nepal; Africa. (j ACRIDA. 99 112. Acrida exaltata, Wall-. Trnxalis exaltata, Walker, Ann. Nat. Hist. (3) iv, 1859, p. 222. Tri/.ralis brevicollis, Bolivar, Feuille Jeiines Nat. xxiii, 1893, pp. 1G2, 164 ; id., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1892, p. 588. Acrida brevicollis, Burr, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend. 1902, pp. 157, 170. Green ; the head and pronotum of about equal length ; tegraiua obtusely pointed, scarcely longer than the hind femora ; wings yellowish hyaline, the cells in the posterior part cloudy iu the middle. Length 53 mm. Cetlo>\ Fig. 81 — Acrida lugubris. Fig. ^{).— Acrida exaliata. 113. Acrida lugubris, ^«r>\ Acrida lugubris, Burr, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1902, pp. 167, 170. Green; head only slightly longer than the pronotum, and the autennaj about as "long as the head and pronotum together. Tegmina green, hardly longer than the wings, and moderately pointed; often narrowly bordered with pink, and with a few 100 TRYXALIX.I. dusk_y spots towards the extreiiiit_y. Wings hyaline, tessellated with brown. Length 33 mm. Kashmie : Hunza ; Madras. Genus ACEIDELLA. Aciidella, Bolivar, Feuille Jeuues Nat. xxiii, 1893, p. 163. Type, (TriLvalis unguicnlala, liamb. = ) Acrida nasiita, L. Range. S. Europe, Africa, Southern and Western Asia. General characters of Acrida, but the tegmina are differently formed in the sexes. In the males the mediastinal and scapular areas ai'e enlarged towards the middle of the tegmina, and their spaces are usually transparent, and traversed by more or less regular nervures ; the third radial nervure of the tegmina and the first branch of tlic radial nervure of the wings branch beyond the middle of the tegmina and the wings respectively. The lateral carinas of the pronotum are ilexuous, and curve upwards in front, being convex and divergent towards the metanotum. The upper inner terminal spur of the hind tibiae is one-half shorter than the lower inner spur; claws of the tarsi sometimes half as long as the third joint of the tarsi ; arolium small. Wings generally brightly coloured ; always wdth the transverse nervures thickened. 114. Acridella nasuta, L. Grtjllus Acrida nasutus, Liunseus, Syst. Nat. (ed. x) i. 1758, p. 427. Truxalis scalaris, Khig, Symb. Phys. 1830, pi. xv, figs. 2-4. Tru.ialis miniata, King, Symb. Phys. 1830, pi. xviii, figs. 3, 4 {nee 1, 2). Truxalis variabilis, Klug, Symb. Phys. 1830, pi. xvii, figs. 3-6. Truxalis 2nocer a, King, Symh. Phys. 1830, pi. xvi, figs. 2, 3. Truxalis consjjurcata, King, Sjmb. Phys. 1830, pi. xvii, fig. 1. Truxalis imguictdata, llambur, Fauue Andal. ii, 1839, p. 72. Acrida iiasuta, Stal, Recens. Orth. i, 1873, p. 99. A rather slender species. Colour greenish brown, head and pronotum darker above than on the sides. Head as long as or longer tlian the pronotum, fastiglum above with a central ridge. Pi'onotum considerably raised behind, with lateral carinte edged with black ; median carina almost obsolete ; seen laterally there are t« o waved carinse on the upper part of the pleura, and on the hinder half an oblique white one below them. Antennae broadly flattened, tapering at the extremity. Tegmina narrow, pointed, longer than the wings, green, with the costal area subhyaline, especially in the male ; a brown bar, undulated above, and followed by detached spots, runs longitudinally through the middle of the M"ing ; the inner marginal area is often reticulated with reddish in the male. Wings moderatel}^ broad, pointed at the tips, hyaline, or yellowish hyaline, with all the oblique nervures tessel- lated with black ; the basal hnlf is red in the female, and often in the male, the extreme base being marked with bluish. ASVVATTIIAMAIN'US. 101 Length, body, 35-70 mm.; expanse of tegmiua, 60-121 mm. South Europe ; Africa ; Westerx Asia ; Baluchistan; I>'^DiA ; Ceylon ; Burma. Gemis ASWATTHAMANUS, nov. TlPE, Asivatthamanns cijlhidricus, sp. nov. Range. India. Head and pronotum smooth, cylindrical ; eyes large, oval ; head not raised ; fastigium of the vertex very long, extending as far beyond the eye as the length of the pronotum, and narrowed and obtusely rounded at the apex; frontal ridge narrow, sulcated, obsolete towards the mouth, lateral carina not strongly marked, but distinct, and continuous with the lower lateral border of the pronotum ; frontal tubercle very small. Antenna3 much widened and flattened towards the base, and tapering to a point at the extremity, about as long as the head and pronotum together ; inserted on the lower surface, just before the tip of the fastigium. Tegmiua and wings very long, narrow, and pointed, l^ront and middle legs very short, hind legs very long and slender, bind tibiae with 10-11 spines on the outer (terminal spine absent) and 12 on the inner edge. 115. Aswatthamanus cylindricus, sp. nov. Light brown, inclining to reddish ; tegmina very long, narrow, and pointed, subhyaline, with rufous uervures ; wings hyaline, Fig. 82. AswaHhamanus cylindricus, c? Fig. S3. — Asivatthamanus cylindricus, $. long, narrow, and pointed, but much shorter than the tegmina ; hind tibiae red. 102 teyxalinjE. Length 40-50 mm.; Lead, 14 inni.; pronotum, 8 mm.; antenna?, 20 mm. ; tegmina, 40 mm. ; wings, '35 mm. Bengal : Pusa, Common on grass from July to Kovember. Genus PHLJEOBA. Phlceoba, Stal, Eugenie's Kesa, Orth. 1860, p. .360. Type, Gompliocerus (Phlceoba) rusticiis, Stfil. Range. The Oriental Eegion. Head as loug as, or shorter than, the pronotum, and equally broad ; face somewhat oblique, fastigium produced as far before the eye as the head behind the eye, as broad as the length of the eye, and obtusely rounded at the extremity; the branching lateral carinae run within each eye, often continuous on the head, and a continuous median carina traverses the head and pronotum ; face with a double median carina, diverging below, and with carinae within the eyes, also curving outwards. Antennae ensiform, as long as or longer than the head and pronotum together, with the basal half widened and flattened. AVings and tegmina of equal length, perfectly developed, and as long as or rather longer than the abdomen. Legs moderately long, without special arma- ture ; hind femora moderately thickened at the base and as long as the abdomen ; hind tibiae spinose. Kty to the Species. [1 (6) Wings more or less fuscous at apex. 2 (3) Antennae unicolorous infumaia, Brunn., p. 103. 3 (2) Antemise ringed or tipped with obscure yellow. 4 (o) Posterior tibiae sordid blue or reddish . antennata,7ixm-m., p. 102. 5 (4) Posterior tibite testaceous angustidorsis, Bob, p. 104. 6 (1) Wings hyaline. 7 (8) Posterior tibife unicolorous ; pro- notum very rugulose panteli, Bob, p. 104. 8 (7) Posterior tibire with a distinct yellow riug near the base ; pronotum com- paratively smooth cinctalis, sp. n., p. 105.] 116. Phlseoba antennata, Brunn. Phlceoba attennata, Brunner, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 125, pi. V, fig. 49. Olive-brown, with a broad yello\\' band running from the vertex to the end of the tegmina, at least in the male. Antenna? ensiform, half as long again as the head and pronotum together (shorter in the female) ; black, generally tipped with yellow. PHLyEOBA. 103 Pronotum smooth, AAith the three carinse well marked, and the hind border only slightly convex. Tegmina narrow, tlie costa slightly expanded near the base, especially in the female ; the extremity obtusely rounded off. Wings bluish hyaline, some- times with the dividing line yellow ; infuscated towards the tips. Legs reddish in the male ; the hind legs with the knees and base Fig. 84. — FldcBoha antcnnaia, (^ . Pig. 85. — Vhlaoha antcnnata, § . and tip o£ the tibiae blackish ; hind legs uniform blackish in the female ; sometimes the hind tibias are bluish instead of reddish, as described by Brunner. Length, body, 18-32 mm. ; antenna), 10-13 mm. ; pronotum, 3'5-6"5 mm.; tegmina, 13-23 mm.; hind femur, 12-19 mm. Assam: Sylhet; Burma; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Borneo, &c. 117. Phl8Bol)a infumala, Brunn. Phlcsoha vifu))iaf((, Brunner, Ann. AFus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893, p. 124. Uniform brownish testaceous. The fastigium of the vertex rather short and obtuse, concave above, with a continuous median carina extending along the head and pronotum. Antennce ensi- form, as long as or longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum rugose, with a rudimentary carina on each side between the median and lateral carina?. Tegmina and wings louger than the abdomen ; wings fusco-hyaline, infuscated towards the 104 TBTXALINJE. extremity. Hind femora dotted with Wack on the outer carinse; hind tibiae with wliite spines tipped with Wack ; hind tarsi reddish. Fig. 86. — Fhlceoha infumata, ^ . Lenfjth 25-29 mm. ; antennae, lO-o-lTS mm. ; pronotum, 4-2-6-4mm. ; tegmina, 19-27 mm. ; hind femur, 13-18 mm. BiJEMA : Pegu ; Tenassemm. 118. Phlaeoba angustidorsis, Bol. Phlceoha angustidorsis, Bolivar, Ann. Sec. Eut. France, Ixx, 1892, p. o90. Ferruginous brown, the male with a yellow band extending to the tip of the tegmina. Fastigium of the vei-tex shorter than the eye, smooth, carinated in the middle. Pronotum A'ery narrow, with the lateral carinse parallel, or slightly convergent behind in the male. Tegmina barely reaching the tip of the abdomen, or shorter. Wings bluish hyaline, infuscated towards the tips. Hind femora pale ferruginous, with brown knees ; hind tibiae testaceous. Length 3 9-32 mm. ; antennae, 10-12 mm.; pronotum, 4-6 mm. ; tegmina, 10-12 mm. Madeas : Kodaikanal. Types in the collections of Messrs. Pantel and Bolivar. 119. Phlaeoha panteli, Bol. Phlceoha jHinteli, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 589. Phlceoba icalhousci, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth, iii, 1910, p. 138. TTLh.'EOJiA. ZYGOPHL.EOBA. 105 Xipliocera fumida, var., Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, p. 513. Perniginous brown, with scattered black dots. Antennte nar- rowly eijsiform, shorter than the head and pronotum together, brown at the tips. Vertex horizontal, -^ with the marginal carinae converging be- hind the eyes, fastigium broad, rounded in front, the median carina continned on the head and pronotum ; front slightly obhque, all the frontal carinas spotted with black. Pronotum truncated in front, and very obtusely augulated behind, the head and pronotum very rugose, the callosities being irregularly striated ; the three doi'sal carina? parallel. Tegmina moderately broad, longer than the abdomen, nar- rowed and obliquely truncated towards the tip ; wings narrow, bluish hyaline, with many of the nervures greenish. Length 'SO mm. ; pronotum, 4 mm. ; tegmina, 26 mm. ; hind femur, 17 mm. Madras : Madura. Types in the collections of Messrs. Pantel and Jiolivar. Fig, 87. — Fhlaoha 2M)iteH. 120, Phlaeoba cinctalis, sp. nov. Brown, with a broad dull yellowish band on the back, bet\\-eeu the lateral carina?, which is continued along the inner margin of the tegmina; lateral carina? edged below externally with a rather narrow blackish stripe; tegmina subhyaline brown, with the longitudinal nervures darkened and slightly tliickened, the inner margin yellowish. AVings hyaline, antenuje brown. Hind tibiae blue-black, with a pale band near the base. Length 23-33 mm. ; wing, 50-64 mm. Bengal : Pusa. Type in the British Museum. Common on grass, sweet potatoes, &c., in July and August. Genus ZYGOPHL^OBA. ZygojjhUeoha, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. •"',91. Type, Zygophheoba sinuatocoUis, Bol. Range. India. Body moderately long, compressed. Fastigium of the vertex triangular, with the margins raised, aud above with triangular foveoke extending to the tip of tlie vertex ; the latter with the median carina obsolete behind, and with an incomplete curved lateral carina approximate to the eyes ; face sloping ; frontal lOG ■ TRTXALIN^. carina sulcated, expanding towards tlie clypeus. Antennae flattened at the base, and suddenly arched in the middle. Pro- notum in front roundly truncate, behind truncate or excised, witli three complete parallel carinte, and the lateral carinae twice interrupted, the hind sulcus placed much behind the middle, and the metazona impressed-punctate. Tegmina and wings rudi- mentary. Hind temora short, with the outer area moderately convex. Mesosternal lobes nari-ow, transverse, separated by a space equal to one of them ; metasternal lobes contiguous behind the foveolte in both sexes. Abdomen carinated above, the first segment furnished \\ith an open tympanum. 121. Zygophlaeoba siniiatocollis, Bol. Zycjophlceoha simuitoculbs, Bolivar, Ann. See. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 591. Pale ferruginous, dotted Avith black. Face oblique ; frontal costa (viewed from the side) sinuated between the median ocellus and the antenn;\i ; foveolae of the vertex extending nearly to the tip of the fastigium. Pronotum excised behind. Tegmina oblong, subparallel-sided, rounded at the tip. Mesosternal lobes very narrow, strongly transverse. Abdomen above with a longi- tudinal subcallous ridge on each side. Length 15'5 mm. ; pronotum, 2 mm. ; tegmina, 1"8 mm. ; hind femur, 6*8 mm. Madras : Trichinopoly. Type in the collectioa of St. Joseph's College, Trichinopoly. 122. Zygophlaeoba tnincaticollis, BoJ. Zyqophheoha truncaticoUis, Bolivar, Ann. See. Ent. Franco, Ixx, i902, p. 591. Grey, varied with brown. Face moderately oblique; frontal ridge entire, not sinuated ; foveolse of the vertex trapezoidal, the space between them convex. Pronotum truncated behind, with the lateral carinas whitish, the deflexed lobes bordered within Mith brown. Tegmina oblong-lanceolate, grey, with the outer margin brown. Mesosternal lobes less transverse than in Z, sinuatocollis. Abdomen without lateral carinse, but banded with brown on the sides. Length 17 mm.; pronotum, 3 mm.; tegmina, 3 mm.; hind femur, 9 mm. Madras: Trichinopoly. Type in the collection of St. Joseph's College, Trichinopoly. PHL^OBIDA. 107 Genus PHLiEOBIDA. Phlceohicla, Bolivar, Ami. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 592. Type, Parajyldieoha angustipennis, Bol. llange. India. Body moderately long and moderately compi-essed. Eastigiuin of the vertex triangular, with the lateral carina? obtuse and continned as a sliorfc carina behind each eye ; foveolfe imperfectly developed ; vertex with a median carina extending from the base to the end of the fastigium ; face sloping, frontal ridge between the antennte moderately elevated, smooth, then sulcated, the marginal carina3 somewhat expanded at the base, slightly approximating at the ocelhis, and diverging towards the clypeus. Antennae with the basal half depressed, much longer than the head and pronotum together in the male, and scarcely so long in the female. Pronotum tricariiiate above, with the latei'al carinas almost parallel ; truncated in front, and convex behind, "with a transverse sulcus intersecting the carinje behind the middle. Tegmina very short, narrow, neaily parallel-sided, and rounded at the tips ; wings obsolete. Hind femora long, smooth externally. Mesosternal lobes united by a space nearly equal to their breadth, subcontiguous behind in the male, and slightly separated in the female. Eirst abdominal segment with an open tympanum ; abdomen compressed, carinatecl above ; subgenital lamina in the male shortly acuminate ; valves of the ovipositor short. 123. Phlaeobida angustipennis, Bol. ParapJilceoba (tngvstipennis, Bolivar, Anu. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, pp. 592, 593, pi. ix, fig. 30. Pale reddish, punctured Avitli brown and with grey pubescence; a broad brown stripe running from the eyes to the tip of the abdomen ; or the head and pronotum not striped. Fastigium of the vertex oblong or triangular, with the margins obtuse and punctured, and furnished w ith indistinct triangular foveoloe ; vertex with a slight median carina, obsolete behind. Pronotum angularly excised behind, the lateral carinae almost parallel as far as the hind sulcus, Avhich is situated much beiiind the middle, and then widely diverging. Tegmina narrow, the margins parallel, and the tip rounded. Lobes of the mesosternum separated by a rather narrow space ; the metasternal lobes contiguous behind the foveolaj in the male, and slightly separated in the female. Hind femora banded with brown externally. (5. Length 15 mm.; pronotum, 2-8 mm. ; tegmina, 2'5 mm. ; bind femur, 9 mm. $. Length 24 mm.; pronotum, 4"5 mm.; tegmina, 3"5 mm.; hind femur, 13 mm. Madkas : Trichiuopoly. Tgpes in the collection of St. Joseph's College, Trichiuopoly. 108 tryxalixtE. Genus PARAPHLiEOBA. ParajMccoba, Bolivar. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, pp. 592, 593. Type, Paraphlccoha pJatijcejys, Bol. Rancje. India, Ceylon. General characters of Phlceohida, but the carinse of the vertex are acute, without foveolae, the pronotum is truncated both before and beliind, and the rudimentary tegmina are more or less pointed. Key to the Species. 1 (2) Pronotum expanded heliind, witli tlie dorsal carina? distinctly converging behind .... pkiti/cejhs, Eol., 2 (1) Pronotum not expanded behind, with the [p. 108. lateral carinas parallel, not diverging behind. ' [p. 108. 3 (4) Pronotum nearly smooth cannata, JBol., 4 (3) Pronotum ruguiose siinoni, Bol., p. 109. 124. Paraphlaeoba platyceps, Bol. Panipltlccoba pUityceps, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 593, pi. ix, ^^. 29. Rusty grey, or brown, pubescent. Frontal ridge almost com- pletely sulcated, towards the clypeus deeply impress-punctate ; fastigium of the vertex smooth, triangular, transverse in the male, and in the female as long as broad, and forming an obtuse angle in front ; the median carina interrupted by a transverse sulcus before the tip. Pronotum with the surface ruguiose, impresso-punctate behind, truncated, often very slightly excised in the middle, uith the lateral carinae callous, distinctly diverging behind, and externally bordered with brown ; the deflexed lobes with the hind margin sinuated, and the lower margin obtusely angulated behind the middle. Hind knees infuscated. Abdomen with a broad brown fascia on each side, Avith a narrow pale border within. (5. Length 15 mm.; pronotum, 2*8 mm, ; tegmina, 2*8 mm. ; hind femur, 10 mm. 5. Length 26 mm,; pronotum, 4*5 mm. ; tegmina, 4*5 mm.; hind femur, 15 mm. Madras : Kodaikanal. Tgjies in the collections of Messrs. Pantel and Bolivar. 125. Paraphlaeoba carinata, Bol Parnphlceohii carinata, Bolivar, pp. 593, 594. Greyish brown or ferruginous, with grev pubescence. Frontal Parnphlccoha carinata, Bolivar, Ann, Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, pp. 593, 594. pauapiil.t:oba. 109 ridge sulcate nearly to the base, indistinctly punctured towards the clypeus ; fastigiiun ot" the vertex convex, triangular, with no transverse sulcus ; the median cariufe not intersected in front. Pronotura with the surface nearly smooth, the metazona impress- punctate ; the lateral carina; parallel, pale, interrupted by the usual sulcus, and bordered with brown externally, the defiexed lobes with the hind margin sinuate, and the lateral margin sinuated in front, and roundly subangulate in the middle. Tegmina extending to the first segment of the abdomen, acutely lanceolate, rather convex, the lower margin more or l^ss sinuated before the tip ; red, brownish beneath. Abdomen with a broad brown band on each side, lined with yellow internally. S. Length 12 mm.; pronotum, 2-2 mm. ; tegmina, 2*8 mm. ; hind femur, 8-5 mm. 5 . LeiKjtli 20 mm. ; pronotum, 3'8 mm. ; tegmina, 3'8 mm. ; hind femur, 12-5 mm. Madras : Madura. Types in the collections of Messrs. Pantel and Bolivar,^ 126. Paraphljeoba simoui, Bol. Paraphlceoba simoni, Bolivar, pp. 593, 594. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902^ Keddish brown. Frontal ridge narrow as far as the eyes, parallel- sided, and then considerably ex- panded ; fastigium of the vertex tri- angular, modei-ately produced, smooth, with the carinoe distinctly raised. An- teunre slightly dilated, subfiliform, ex- tending rather beyond the hind border of the pronotum in the male. Pronotum with the surface rugulose, the lateral carinoe |)arallel, the defiexed lobes with the hind margin indistinctly sinuated, and the lower margin obtusely nar- rowed. Tegmina extending to the third segment of the abdomen, acutely lanceolate, convex. Abdomen with a broad brown band on the sides. S . Lem/th 1-4 mm. ; pronotum, 3 mm. ; tegmina, 4 mm. ; hind femur, 9*5 mm. Ceylox : Nuwara Eliya. Ti/pe in the collection of Dr. Bolivar. Fig. 88. Panrphlaoba simoni, i^ . 110 TEYXALIN.i:. Genus CERACRIS. Cemcns, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. Iv, 1870, p. 790. Type, Ceracris nic/ricornis, Walk, Range. India, Burma. Moderately stout; head and pronotuni punctured; antennae filiform, much longer than head and pronotinn together ; fastigium of the vertex horizontal, produced beyond the eyes about as far as the length of the head behind the eyes ; eyes very large, slightly oval and oblique, separated at the narrowest point by a space nearly equal to that of the fastigium before them ; fastigium slightly curving outwards in front of the eyes, and then obtusely rectangulated in front ; the sides strongly carinated as far as the eyes, and the space between depressed, with a slight carina in front only ; face moderately oblique, with the median cariuae well separated and nearly parallel above, and divergent below ; and lateral carinas running downwards from within tiie eyes. Pronotum rugose-punctate, with three not very sti'ong carinae, the lateral ones distinctly diverging behind, and cut by three sulci, the space behind the last more thickly and finel}^ punctate. Abdomen with a very stx'ong raised median carina, not quite extending to the extremity. Tegmina and wings well-developed, as long as or longer than the abdomen, as are also the hind femora. Four front tibiae slightly pilose, shortly spinose beneatli beyond the middle ; hind femora rather slender, with tlie usual angulated ridges on the outer central area ; hind tibiae spined above. Key to the Species. 1 (2) Hind femora partly red beneath .... versicolor, Brunn., p. 111. 2 (1) Hind I'emora not red beneath. 3 (4) Hind tibiaj wholly blue beyond the yellow ring near the base dpjlorata, Briniu., p. 112. 4 (3) Tibife varied with black and yellow beyond the yellow ring near the base niijricornis, Walk., p. 110. 127. Ceracris nigricornis, Wallc Ceracris itif/ricornis, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p, 791. Testaceous-brown. Head rugosely punctate, slightly convex above, with a dusky longitudinal curved depression on each side, but without distinct carinae behind the eyes ; a black band behind eacli eye, followed by a black line below the lateral carinae ; antennae black, and a black spot on each side at the lower corners of the clypeus ; the sutures of the mouth-parts slightly blackish, CERACRIS. Ill Tegmina yellowish along the inner margin ; wings hyaline. Hind ° femora with a blackish band near the extremity, interrupted above, and the sides and base beneath of the terminal thickening black ; a broad pale-coloured lamina on each side at the extremity beneath ; hind tibiae black at the base with a yellow spot above ; then follows a broad yellowish ring, then a black ring continued nearly to the extremity by a black line above and another below, the rest being yellowish ; spines tipped with black,' 10 on each side, in- creasing in length towards the tip, in addition to the usual terminal ones. Length 32 mm. ; hind femur, 10 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 50 mm. SiKKiM : Darjiling. Type in the British Museum. Walker describes this insect as "gracillimum," probably because the body of the type has been laterally flattened. Fig. 89. — Ccmcris nigricornis. 128. Ceracris versicolor, Brunn. Dwonia versicolor, Brunuer, Aun. Mus. Genova. xxxiii, 1893, p. 120. Olive-brown, legs varied with black, yellow, and red. Fastigium of the vertex obtuse. Antennae filiform, much longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum wholly impress-punctate, with the lateral carince slightly indicated, and the principal transverse sulcus placed somewhat behind the middle. Tegmina rather longer than the abdomen, the costal area smooth, green, and the deflexed area brownish olive ; wings bluish-hyaline, slightly clouded. Abdomen uniform olive. Hind femora brownish olive, beneath red to the middle, then black, with a yellow apical ring; hind tibiae black at the base, followed by a yellow ring, the longitudinal sulcus above black to the extremity, the sides blue, and 9 or 10 white spines tipped with black on each side. Length 26 mm.; antennae, 12 mm.; pronotum, 5-S mm.; tegmina, 22 mm.; hind femora, 16 mm. Burma. : Karen Hills. Type in the Genoa Museum. 112 TRTXALINvE. 129. Ceracris deflorata, Bnmn. Duronia dejiorata, Brunuer, Auii. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. \-m. Dull olive, the femora not ringed. Vertex less obtuse than in C. versicolor. Pronotum above nearly smooth, with the lateral carinse well marked, bordered with straight black bands and diver2;ing behind the transverse sulcus, which is placed in the middle. Tegniina one-fourth longer than the abdomen, with the costal area smooth, pale, tlie deflexed area brown ; wings yellowish-hyaline, slightly clouded. Hind femora testaceous, dai'ker at the tip ; beneath suifused with red, with no ring. Hind tibiiB black at the base, followed by a yellow ring, then wholly blue, with 11 or 12 black-tipped spines on each side. Length 2S nnn. ; antennae, 12-5 mm.; pronotum, 5*5 mm.; tegmina, 27 mm,; hind femur, 16 mm. Burma : Bhamo. 2^yj)e in tlie Genoa Museum. Genus MECOSTETHUS. Mecostethus, Fieber, Kelch, Orth. Oberschles. 1852, p. 1. Parapleurus, Fischer, Orth. Eur. 1853, pp. 297, 363. Type, Orijllus j^uirapUurus, Hagenb. Bange. Europe, Asia. Eastigium of the vertex horizontal, broader than long, rounded at the sides, and roundly truncate in front, the surface depressed, witli a central carina, very slightly continued on the rest of the head ; f oveolre obsolete. Antenme filiform, twice as long as head and pronotum together in the male, and scarcely equal to the pronotum in the female ; eyes prominent, subrotuud ; face slightly oblique ; frontal carina rather broadly sulcated from the middle ocellus to the clypeus, Pronotum with the median carina strongly marked ; the lateral carinse obsolete ; cut by three transverse sutures, the hindmost about the middle ; the deflexed lobes slightly oblique behind, and the lower edge slightly sinuated ; pronotum hardly rounded in front, and only shghtly behind. Tegmina narrow, longer than the abdomen, with the mediasterual area extending nearly to the rounded tip ; the base not expanded, with an intercalated nervure in the middle of the discoidal area. Wings perfectly developed, rather narrow. Hind femora moderately thickened, as long as the abdomen. Subgenital lamina of male long, pointed ; valves of the ovipositor long, slender, and pointed. MECOSTETHUS. — GYMXOBOTIIRU3. 1 13 130. Mecostetluis fasciatus, Brmin. Mecostethus fasciatus, Bniimer, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 1893, p. 127. Eedclisli brown, with a broad pale central stripe running along the head, pronotiun, and tegmina. Fastigium of the vertex triangularly produced, concave above. Antennae filiform, black, with the tip paler. Pronotum rugose, witii a narrow continuous median carina, the last transverse sulcus placed rather behind the middle, behind which the lateral carinae are visible in the female only. Tegmina extending for one-fourth of their length beyond the abdomen, with the accessory nervure distinct ; brown, with a yellow line on the front margin, and a pale sti'ipe on the hind margin, very distinctly marked ; wings slightly clouded. Hind femora pale reddish, with the tip browner, or black (in the male) ; hind tibiae black at the base with a pale ring, the rest dull blue, with 10 spines on the outer carina. Subgenital lamina of the male shortly and obtusely pointed. Length 11-21 mm.; antennae, 9-10 mm.; pronotum, 3'3-4mm.; tegmina, 13-] 9 mm.; hind femur, 10-13 mm. Burma : Metanja, Palon. Types in the Genoa Museum. Genus GYMNOBOTHRUS. Gymnobothrus, Bolivar, Jorn. Sci. Lisb. (2) i, 1889, p. 100. Type, Gymnobothrus Unea-alba, Bol. liange. Africa, India. Fastigium of the vertex triangular, but narrowly rounded in front, excavated above, with the margins between the eyes more or less carinately produced ; foveolae triangular or subti'apezoidal, mostly filled up, very oblique or perpendicular, not visible from above ; frontal carina convex between the antennae, then sulcated, and continued to the clypeus. Antennae filiform, or slightly depressed before the middle, about as long as the head and pronotum together. Pronotum tricarinate, with three transverse sulci, the deflexed lobes higher than long. Tegmina perfectly developed, the discoidal area with a distinct intercalated nervure, the ulnar nervures diverging at the base, with an accessory nervure between them. Wings hyaline or shghtly infuscated at the tips. Meta- sternal lobes more or less converging behind the foveolae, but in the male always contiguous. 131. Gymnobothrus indicus, Boh Gymnobothrus vidicits, Bolivar, Ann. See. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, ■p. 596, pi. ix, fig. 31. Testaceous, varied with brown. Foveolae of the vertex sub- quadrate, filled up with black; frontal carina impress-punctate, I 114 TByXALIN.E. Silicate at the ocellus for a long space in the male, and a short space in the female. Antennse filiform, slightly depressed. Pronotum pale above, the lateral carinas straight before the hind, sulcus, parallel, but considerabl_y diverging behind ; the deflexed lobes broadly brown internally, often with an oblique whitish ridge. Tegmina subhyaline, with a yellow scapular line, and. brown discoidal spots ; the mediastinal area expanded at the base, and continued behind the middle ; scapular area rather broad, dilated in the male beyond the middle, with waved transverse hyaline nervures ; wings hyaline, slightly clouded at the tip. Hind femora with four brown bands, often obsolete on the outer side, the lower carina of the outer area marked with black dots. Metasternal lobes converging and contiguous behind the foveolae. Length 11-17 mm.; pronotum, 2-3 mm.; tegmina, 10-14 mm.; hind femur, 7-10 mm. Madras : Madura. Types in the collections of Messrs. Pantel and Bolivar. 132. Gymnobothrus (?) simplex. Walk. Stenohothrus simplex, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, Suppl. p. 82. Ferruginous brown, paler beneath. Vertex obtusely rounded in front, face very oblique, the median line sulcated throughout, the space between narrow, and of uniform width ; foveolae very small, not visible from above. From the back of the eye runs a broad black band over the back of the head and the pleura, bordered above and below with slight pale lines ; on the metapleura it becomes evanescent. Antennae scarcely as long as the head and pronotum, rather thick filiform. Pronotum tricarinate, with a sulcus behind the middle, not cutting the middle carina ; behind this, both the pronotum and pleura are strongly punctured. Tegmina longer than the abdomen, rufo-testaceous, with a short black stripe at the base of the costa, an indistinct pale line con- tinuous with that above the black band of the pronotum, and a longitudinal row of obscure dusky spots. Hind femora appa- rently spotted with black at the base. Length, to end of tegmina, 18 mm. Type in the British Museum. Genus MADUKEA. Madurea, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 19D2, p. 59G. Type, Madurea cephalotes, Bol. Jtanye. India. Fastigium of the vertex obtusely angulated, distinctly sloping when viewed from the side, in the male as long as broad, in the MADUREA. OCHRILIDIA. 115 female transverse ; foveolse subtrapezoidal, inferior, not visible from above ; front convex, slightly oblique in the female. Antenna; filiform. Pronotum constricted in the middle, with tlie hind sulcus placed scarcely beyond the middle ; the median carina slender, continuous, intersected by the hind sulcus ; tlie lateral carinje obliterated in the middle. Lobes of the mesosternum transverse, separated by a rather narrower space ; lobes of the metasteruum contiguous, or, in the female, separated by a short space behind the foveolse. Tegmina extending to the middle of the abdomen. Hind femora thickened, with the outer area convex. 133. Madurea cephalotes, Bol. Madiirea cephalotes, Bolivar, Arm. Soc. Eiit. FraDce, Ixx, 1902, p. 597, pi. ix, fig. 3i>. Pale yello\\', varied with brown and ferruginous. Head large, tumid in front in the female, the tip of the front punctured, the median carina expanded towards the tip, punctured and sub- sulcated ; vertex with a very slight median carina. Pronotum more subreflexed in the male than in the female ; the back pale, or with a broad pale central fascia, the sides reddisli, with the hind border obtusely and roundly angulate ; the deflexed lobes brown in the middle, with a pale submedian callosity. Tegmina in the male scarcely extending beyond the middle of the femora ; in the female shorter, lanceolate, with the radial area spotted with brown. Hind femora rather shining, with three narrow reddish-brown bands, more or less obliterated externally, and the knees reddish brown ; hind tibiae blue, with a pale ring at the base, and the condyle infuscated. Abdomen varied with brown, with a pale median longitudinal stripe ; supra-anal lamina of the male triangular, with the median sulcus narrowed posteriorly, and sub- sinuated behind on each side near the tip ; cerci short, conical ; subgenital lamina obtusely produced ; valves of the ovipositor sinuated before the tip, but not dentated. Length 9-17 mm. ; pronotum, 2 mm. ; tegmina, 6'5 mm. ; hind femur, 6-5-9 mm. Madras: Madura. Tijpes in the collections of JNlessrs. Pautel and Bolivar. Genus OCHRILIDIA. Ochrilidin, Stal, l-feceus. OrUi. i, 187o, pp.92, 101; Rrunner, Prodr. Eur. Orth. 1882, pp. 83, 91. Brachycrotaphus, Kraiiss, Sitz. Akad. "NViss. Wien, 3Iath.-iiat. CI. Ixxvi (i), 1877, p. 47. Type, Opomola trj/xalicera, Fisch. Range. S. Europe, jV. & W. Africa, W. Asia, India. Head as long as the pronotum ; fastigium of the vertex produced i2 116 TEYXALIN.E, considerabl}' be^'ond the e^^es and fully as long, slightly ascending, convex, tricarinate, the foveoiae narrow, inferior, the frontal carina snlcate to the base. Antennae as long as the head and pronotuni together, ensiform, flattened towards the base, and filiform towards the tip. Pronotum short, subcylindrical, the middle carina dis- tinct, the lateral carinse obsolete. Prosternum with a very short tubercle ; mesosternal lobes contiguous in front, and diverging behind; metasternal lobes contiguous. Tegmina nari-ow, sub- hyaline, longer than the abdomen, and rounded at the tips, with the scapular area dilated in the male, and with no intercalated nervure ; wings hyaline, shorter than the tegmina. Front legs very short, middle femora extending a little beyond the base of the hind 00X06, hind femora short, narrow ; all the tibiae shorter than the femora. Supra-anal lamina broad, narrower behind, trisulcate, with the hind border quadri-lobate ; the cerci short, simple, incurved before the tips ; the subgenital lamina short, cuneiform, impressed above as far as the obtuse tip. 134. Ochrilidia longiceps, Bol. Ochrilidia lonyiceps, Bolivar, Ann. See. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 595. Pale, more brown on the back, with a pale band running behind the eyes as far as the margin of the outer lobes of the pronotum. Antennae rather longer than the head and pronotum together. Fastigium of the vertex longer than the eye, tectiform above, distinctly narrowed in front, and uarroA\ ly rounded at the tips ; foveolae very long. Pronotum with the carinae obsolete, except the middle carina which is visible in the hinder area ; the deflexed lobes longer than high. Mesosternum with the lobes contiguous behind, and slightly separated in fi-ont. Tegmina considerably longer than the abdomen, costal area much dilated, hyaline, crossed by 14 nervules, the anterior ulnar nervure suddenly approximating to the third radial nervure near the base. Hind femora shorter than the abdomen. Supra-anal lamina black on the sides ; cerci sinuated above ; subgenital lamina rather short and subsinuated at the tip. Length 25 mm. ; pronotuni, 3'5 mm. ; tegmina, 20 mm. ; hind femur, 10*2 mm. Madras: Madura. Ty2ie in the collection of M. Pant el. Genus DOCIOSTAURUS. Dociostauriis, Fieber, Lotos, iii, June 1853, p. 118. Stauronotus, Fischer, Orth. Eur., Nov. 1853, pp. 297, 351. Type, Gryllus cruciatns, Charp. ( = GryUus maroccanus^Thnuh.). Bange. S. Europe, Asia, N. & W. Africa. DOCIOSTAURUS, 117 Head large, slightly ascending ; fastigium of the vertex triangular, separated on each side from the eye by a well-marked carina; foveolse of tlie vertex rather superior, broad, rliomboidal, con- verging towards the tips. Antennae filiform, as long as the head and pronotum together ; face slightly oblique, flattened, and hardly sulcated. Pronotum strongly constricted before the middle, tricarinate, the lateral carinse angulated inwards. The sulci scarcely indicated ; the deflexed lobes much higlier than long, with a short curved pale carina on the metapleura. Tegmina and wings perfectly developed ; tegmina rather long and narrow, obtusely rounded at the exti-emity, and with the costal area widened in the male ; wings rather shorter than the tegmina, hyaline. Hind femora as long as the abdomen, simple. Hind tibiae spinose, with the two inner apical spurs subequal ; hind tarsi very slender, with the claws and arolium small. Subgenital lamina horizontally produced in the male ; valves of the ovipositor smooth, shoi't. Keij to the Species. [The manuscript here leaves doubt as to the author s iuteiition respecting' the following species of Walker's. This is probably due to the very luisatist'actory condition of tlie types. The following notes may help to distinguish the species : — 1 (2) Tegmina shorter than abdomen, with 3 or 4 nearly black spots in discoidal area, separated by yellow spots of smaller size ; wings slightlv infuscate at apex, apicaliti, Walk., p. 117, and turbatiis, AValk. *, p. 118. 2 (1) Tegmina longer than abdomen, with 3 or 4 small light brown spots in discoidal area; wings entirely clear. 3 (4) Pronotum without distinct median stripe ; tegmina with some vague small spots on radial area mundus, Walk., p. 119, and epachronwides,\\ aWi., p. 119. 4 (3) Pronotum witli distinct median stripe; tegmina with three large spots on radial area decisus, Walk., p. 120.] 135. Dociostaunis apicalis, Wallc. Stenohothrun apicalis, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, Suppl. p. 80. Brown, abdomen and under surface testaceous. Antennae * Possibly sexes of same species. 118 TBYXALIN.!:. testaceous, slightly thickened aud brown towards the tips. Space ou the depression of the fastigium pale, continuous with a pale median stripe runniug to the back of the head ; face subcarinate, punctured, hardly sulcate. Pronotiim short, obtusely angulated behind, the cariua? whitish, a yellow stripe running obliquely upwards from the end of the raetapleura. with a blackish spot beyond its extremity. Tegmina sub- hyaline, the costal area brown at the base, then hyaline, aud much expanded to its extremity at three-fourths of the length of the tegmen. Central lon- gitudinal area with four spots, the two basal ones dark brown, the two outer ones reticulate ; beyond them, nearer the costa, are two more spots, one broMn and one light brown : the hind area of the tegmina is yel- lowish brown, traversed for half its length by a brown stripe tapering from the base. Wings hyaline, slightly clouded towards the tips, rather shorter than the tegmina. Hind femora testaceous, in- distinctly banded with brown, knees brown, tibiae testaceous, brown at the base, and on the upperside in the middle, with about 10 small blackish spines on each carina. Length 13 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 21 mm. Bombay. Type in the British Museum. Fig. 90. — Dociosfaurus apicalis. 136. Dociostaurus turbatus. Walk. Stenobothms turbatus, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871^ Suppl. p. 81, Lighter and darker brown and testaceous. Head brown, with a testaceous stripe running through the middle of the depression on the fastigium (there is a dark spot in the angle on eacli side) to the back of the head, and a broad testaceous line runniug from between the eyes and antenna? outwards and downwards, till it nearly meets another broad testaceous line running from the lower back corner of the eyes to the lower part of the cheeks ;, face with four slight carinse; not sulcated, but flattened and punc- tured between them ; antennae testaceous, filiform, slightly brown at the extreme tip ; foveolse of the vertex rhomboidal. Tegmina with alternate yellowish and light reddish-brown longitudinal lines ; central area yello\\"ish, with a row of six brown oblong spots, longer than bi-oad, extending from the base nearly to the extremity. Legs testaceous, hind femora very obliquely banded with brown above and within, and stippled with brown on the outer area ; hind tibiffi with about 10 or 11 small black spines on each carina. 1 1Q DOCIOSTAURUS, ^^'^ Length 16 mm. Bombay. Tyjye in the British Museum. 137. Dociostaurus mimdus, Wall: Stenobothrus mundus, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, Suppi. p. 79. Testaceous, face more rufous, not sulcated with the cariuse i.iJttr Fastigium of the vertex -^^tn-^gular xjoun ed at e Pxtremitv the carina* running hackwards to withm the eyes, Wo^J s^iV vior, oblong, punctured within. Pronotum tncannate the TateS^a h4 angulated inwards halfway between the base and the sutut, which is%laced about the middle of the pronotum. Telmh a si^bhyaline, tinged with rufo-testaceous towards the base S arelinore brownifh at base, subcostal space with a row of five narrow brown spots, continued by more or less distmcth^ marked pile bol spots and clots on the outer surface of the tegmma Winc^s hvaline. Hind femora as long as the abdomen, indistmctly ESl abme with brown, knees marked with blackish; tte whitish, with 11 small black spines on the outer row, and 9 on the inner. Bombay. „ • oe Length 17 mm. ; expanse of tegmma, Sb mm. Tvve in the British Museum. Probably a discoloured specimen of the next species. 138. Dociostaurus epacromoides, Wall: Stenobothrus epacromoides, Walker, Cat. Uerm. Salt. B.M. v, 1871, Suppl. p. 81. Annarently a better-coloured example of D. mundus. Testa- ceous^ ace with a black spot under each eye, and a curved carma runnl;.. from between each eye and the antenna to the extremity Ttle rivpeus; it is marked with a black spot at is extremity, °nd two Tack dots above. A black band runs behind the eye ojev the head and pronotum, crossing the whitish lateral carina, he nder half of which it borders within, but not to the extremi y ; o ethsideof the median carina however, are two rudimenary blackish carinas, at the extremity of the pronotum. On the s des S the head a broad dusky band runs backwards from the black sLtLowthe eye; on the pienra it becomes more distinct, and rthei^deof\he pleura is a white callous spot surrounded •tibial^ Tegmina\iearly as in ^■J^^<^:^,^^'''^ spots are mostly larger and more crowded Wmgs h.^ahne. Length 19 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 30 mm. Bombay. Type in the British Museum. 120 TUYXALJNyi:. 139, Dociostaurus decisus, Walk. Stenobothrus decisus, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v. 1871, Suppl. p. 80. Brown ; fastigium of the vertex subtriangular, the foveolae oval, sides of face below the eyes and behind the lateral carin^e paler ; a pale stripe runs from the fas- tigium over the head and pronotum ; the lateral carinse narrowly pale ; three trans- verse sutures indented on the sides of the median carina, the hindmost at the middle of the pronotum. Pleui'a brownish, with an oblique pale carina behind. Tegmina rufo-testaceous, with a row of large brown spots along the central area, and with smaller brown dots between these and the costa ; wings hyaline, with the nervures of the costal area reddish. Abdomen carinated above. Hind femoi'a testaceous, brown on the outer side nearly to the extremity ; tibiae red, yellowish towards the base, with about 12 small black spines on each carina. Length 23 mm.; expanse of tegmina, 38 mm. Fig. 91. Dociostaurus decisus. Bombay. Types in the British Museum. Genus STENOBOTHRUS. Stenobothrus, Fischer, Orth. Eur. 1853, pp. 296, 313. Type, Gryllus Vmeatus, Panz. Range. Europe, N. & W. Asia, N. Africa, Madagascar, Australia, Chile. Vertex triangular, obtuse ; foveolse superior, long, narrow ; front only slightly sloping, prominent, more or less snlcated ; antennae filiform. Pronotum tricarinate, constricted in the middle, with one transverse sulcus. Tegmina and Avings generally perfectly developed, hyaline or subhyaline. Hind femora unarmed, hind tibiae spinose. Pectus broad, mesosternal lobes widely separated, metasterual lobes produced behind the foveolae, and distant. Tympanum on the first abdominal segment covered ; anal segment longitudinally snlcate ; supra-anal lamina in male obtusely tri- angular ; subgenital lamina in male recurved, obtuse or pointed at the tip. Valves of ovipositor short, exserted, sometimes with a lateral tooth at the base. 101 STENOBOTUEUS. yTiOLOPUS. 140. Steno^othrus (?) luteipes, Wallc f H ^ ^^yi^^^^^y^^^ Stenohothrus luteipes, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v. 1871, Suppl. p. 82. Testaceous, mottled and stippled with dusky markings ; vertex rounded in font, and backwards at the sides as tar as a broa '^n::^.Z^^^^ 'l^aW; f^e slightly oblique =1;. the male, but s^cel. so in ^^^^--^-t^:! S^;^;^^^::^ ^l^r :S;f Und tl. eye. the ^^ funning across the head, pronotu.n, and the .- -^^^ -|; f^ ^g tndinal area of the tegmiua, the second straight, hardly leaching Sfextremity of the pfonotum, and the third very broad, covering the Mudefpart of th] head and the pleura except the -etaplem^. Te.mh.a with the centre dusky, and the costa and ^nner mar^ m W V pale ; wings subhyaline. Hind femora testaceous, with three bliclish bands above, and the knees black; outer area Wnish, or at least with some blackish ^ots along i.e upper hnrrlpr • tibijB red yellow sh towards the base, ^Mth 1^ small DiacK sl'es on ttouL'and 10 on the inner border. Tegmma and hind femora about as long as the abdomen. Lenf/th 20-22 mm. Bombay ; Kashmir : Baltistan. Tyjje in the British Museum. Genus ^OLOPUS. Aiolopus, Fieber, Lotos, iii, May 1853, p. 100 ; id., Syii. Eur. Orth. ^;r'.tL!Fischev, Orth. Eur Nov 1853, pp 296, 360. Jolopus, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. in, 1910, p. 120. Type Grylhts thalassimis, F. Range. Europe, Africa, Asia, Malay ArcHpelago Anstolia Vortex triangular, extending as far m front of t e e} es as ttie lenc.?h of t e Tfad b hind them, concave above, the toveol* longer than briad punctured, not contiguous; front continuous, but Sy sufca'teS, lateral carin. running ^-^ ^elow the an e^^ thP clvneus and a short carina running obliquely ion\ aid below the e^4tL cheeks more strongly punctured than the rest of the Le in tenm^ filiform, rather longer than the head and ni'onotum Pronotuni constricted in front, tricarinate, the lateral LTn^ncui^ed, slightly marked, generally with a pa e border; tiireetrai' verse sulci, the hindermost only cutting the median carLa.nd placed a little before the middle of the pronotum. Semin?lonrobtusely rounded at the extremity, with the media- Snalnevu^e extending to the tip, and the med-astiual area expanded at the base, and traversed by an -<^f^^-'y^^''''^'^: IZ% ample, rather shorter than the tegmma, subhyaline. Hmd 122 tryxalix.t:. femora slender, as long as the abdomen, red or yellow, with dark bands or spots ; tibiae red or blue, with yellow and brown bands, spinose ; hind tibiae with small arolia. Pirst abdominal segment with an open tympanum ; supra-anal lamina in the male divided from the anal segment by a transverse sulcus ; anal segment longitudinally sulcated, and the lamina rounded ; valves of ovi- positor rather long, free, unarmed. Key to the Species. Apical half of hind tibiae red taimdus, F. " Apical half of hind tibiae blue , affinis, Bol. 141. .ffiolopus tamulus, F. GnjUus tamulus, Fabricius, Eut. Syst. Siippl. 1798, p. 195. Gryllus dorsalis, Thunberg, Mem. Acad. Petersb. v, 1815, p. 229. Gomphocerus t}-icolon'pes, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. 1838, p. 649. Epacromia simulafrix, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 773. Green, brown, or reddish, generally with two parallel brown stripes on the vertex, running within each eye to the back of the head ; and a broad brown band running from the back of each eye to the end of the pronotum, and ex- tending over more or less of the plern'a, which is then marked with several white spots ; the upper side of the dark band is generally bordered by a slender white line in front, which afterwards intersects it, turning obliqitely outwards. Tegmina rather long, varied with brown and subhyaline ; mediastinal area with two alternate long brown and whitish spaces, the outermost of each broader ; below the first brown space runs a bright green stripe to the first white Fig. 92.— ^Eoloinis stripe ; and below the green stripe are often tcrmiilus. some small white spots on a light brown ground. The outer part of the tegmina is generally subhyaline, more or less spotted with brown ; wings greenish hyaline, more or less dusky towards the hind margin. Hind femora slender, as long as or longer than the abdomen; green, yellow, or reddish, transversely banded with brown ; hind tibiae yellow towards the base, with a blackish spot before and behind, blue towards the middle, and red towards the extremity. LengtJi 18 mm. Madras. Ti/jM of E. slmulatrLv in the British Museum. 142. ^olopus affinis, Bol. Epavromia affinis, Bolivar, Ann. See. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. GOO. iiufous-brown, sometimes with a rather irregular pale median tEOLOPL'S. — AULACOBOTHRTJS. 1 23 band on the head and pronotum. Scutelkun of the vertex sub- triangular, obtusely rounded off in front ; costal ridge flattened, punctured. Pronotum with a median carina, considerably ex- panded beyond the middle, the sntures indistinct, the hind border obtusely augulated. Abdomen yellowish, with a more or less suffused row of dark dorsal spots^ Hind femora rather short and broad, yellowish, banded with black; hind tibia? reddisli towards the base, with the apical half blue. Tegmina extending one-third beyond the hind femora, subhyaline, varied with darker and lighter brown, and with yellowish and whitish spots along the costa ; wings greenish hyahne. Length 19-24 'mm.; pronotum, 3-2-4 mm.; tegmina, 18-22 mm. ; bind femur, 10-5- 12 mm. Madras: Madura; Bombay: Bandra. Types in the collections of Messrs, Pantel and Bolivar. Genus AULACOBOTHRUS. Anlacohotlirus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 597. Type, Aulacobothrus stnctus, Bol. Range. India. Vertex triangular, pointed in the male, and concave above ; foveola? superior, w^ell-marked, oblongo-rhomboidal ; antennae filiform ; costal ridge convex, smooth or strongly sulcated. Pronotum flattened, augulated behind ; middle carina continuous, only intersected by the hind sulcus, v\ ith the lateral carina? dis- tinctly beyond the margins of the disk, intersected by the three sulci, "and diverging behind ; deflexed lobes higher than long, with the hinder angle straight. Tegmina completely developed, or abbreviated ; mediastinal area with an adventitious nervure, which is complete in the male, and sinuated, extendmg to the front maro-in of the tegmina; nervures of the scapular area oblique, sinuated, regularly reticulated, and more dilated in the male than in the female ; intercalated nervure more or less distinct ; ulnar nervures diverging. Wings fully developed or rudimentary. Hind femora above distinctly s])otted, with the outer area slightly convex ; hind tibia? red ; the two inner spurs of the tibia? dis- tinctly marginal, the apical spur straight, only curved at the tip. Metasternal lobes produced behind the foveola?, and contiguous in both sexes, or rarely, very slightly separated in the female. First abdominal segment with" an open tympanum on the side; svipra- aual lamina in the male acutely triangular ; cerci short, conical ; valves of the ovipositor short, projecting. [The species of this genus are only known from descriptions from whicli it has been found to be impossible to draw up a key.] 124 TRYXALIN^. 143. Aulacobothrus strictus, Bol. Aulacobothrus strictus, Bolivar, Aun. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 598. Size ratlier large ; body somewhat compressed. Colour varied with pale and brown markings. Foveolie of the vertex elongated ; frontal ridge sulcated, with impressed punctures, the margins thickened; antennie brown. Pronotum nearly rectangular behind, with the hinder area rugose, and the principal sulcus placed in the middle ; the lateral carina? nearly straight, diverging behind, often intersected by a black band. Tegmiua perfectly developed, extending beyond the hind femora, infuscated towards the tip ; mediastinal, radial, and ulnar areas with a spurious nervure. Space between the mesosternal lobes narrower than the lobes ; metasterual lobes contiguous in both sexes. Hind femora with the knees brown on both sides ; tibiae red, with a pale ring at the base. Length 15-21 mm.; pronotum, 3-4 mm. ; tegmina, 12-19 mm.; liind lemur, 9-12-5 mm. Madras : Kodaikanal. T>/2)es in the collections of Messrs. Pantel and Bolivar. 144. Aulacobothrus socius, Bol. Ati/acobot/irus socius, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 599. Moderately compressed, varied with pale and greyish-brown markings. Foveolae of the vertex rhomboidal ; frontal ridge convex, impress-punctate ; antennae concolorous. Pronotum ob- tusely angulated behind, or rectangular, the hinder area hardly rugose, the typical sulcus placed in the middle, the lateral carinas waved, approximating to the median carinte in the middle, and widely divergent behind, a slender ridge externally separating the dorsum from the deflexed lobes. Tegmina perfectly developed, extending rather beyond the hind femora; the discoidal area with a row of black subquadrate spots, the mediastinal, radial, and ulnar areas with a more or less distinct spurious nervure. Space between the mesosternal lobes somewhat narrower than the lobes; metasternal lobes contiguous behind the foveolae in both sexes. Hind femora with three oblique brown bands, and the knees brown ; tibia? red, with a pale ring at tiie base. Leuffth 13-20 mm.; pronotum, 2-8-3-8 mm.; tegmina, 11-15 mm.; hind femur, 8-11 mm. Madras : Kodaikanal, Madura. Ty2)e in the collectioi) of St. Joseph's College, Trichinopoly. 145. Aulacobothrus infernus, Bol AulacohofJivKs infernus, Bolivar, p. 599. Body moderately compressed; pale grey varied with brown Aulacohot/irns infernus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 599. AULACOBOTHRUS. 125 sometimes with a continuous pale stripe above. Foveolae of the vertex oblong-rhomboidal, not elongated ; frontal ridge convex, impress-punctate; antennae concolorous. Pronotum obtusely angulated behind, with the hinder area punctate, and the principal sulcus placed distinctly behind the middle, the lateral carina; angiilately inftexed in the middle. Tegmina imperfectly developed (at least in the female), only extending as far as the middle of the hind femora ; mediastinal area with a distinct spurious nervure. Mesosternal lobes separated by a rather narrower space tliau their width ; metasternal lobes closely approximating behind the foveola?. Hind femora indistinctly banded with bro\\"U ; hind tibisB red, Avith a slightly paler ring at the base. Length 17 mm.; pronotum, 8*8 mm.; tegmina, 7'5 mm.; hind femur, 10*5 mm. Maduas : Kodaikanal. Tupe in the collection of St. Joseph's College, Trichinopoly. 146. Aiilacobothrus taeniatus, Bol. Aulacobot/iriis taniatns, Bolivar, Ami. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 600. Body moderately compressed : pale reddisli. Antennae rather long, extending as far as the hind coxae in the male. Foveolae of the vertex rhomboidal, broader in front; frontal I'idge impress- punctate, rather broad at the base, and impressed as far as the eyes ; head often with a broad brown band behind the eyes, con- taining a pale line. Pronotum obtusely angulated behind, the disk rather smooth, the margins intersected by a brown band, the lateral carinte nearly parallel in front, but slightly flexuous in the middle, and often rather indistinct in the male ; on the hinder area they are wide apart, and the callus white ; upper half of the deflexed lobes brown. Tegmina extending nearly to the tip of the hind femora, the anal area paler, and the mediastinal area occupying the basal third in the male ; the scapular area in the male expanded in the middle, and marked in the female with a narrow pale line ; the third radial nervure in the female forked in the middle of the tegmina, and the discoidal area reticulated, the ulnar veins diverging behind. Metasternal lobes contiguous in the male, and almost so in the female. Hind femora with the outer area infuscated to the upper carina, and indistinctly trifasciate with brown, and the knees brown on both sides ; hind tibiae reddish, with grey pubescence. Length 15-20 mm.; pronotum, 2*8-4 mm.; tegmina, 11'5-15 mm. ; hind femur, 9-11*5 mm. S. IlS'DIA. Type in the collection of St. Joseph's College, Trichinopoly. 147. Aulacobothrus physopoda, Hav. Scyllina physopoda, Navas, Bol. Sci. Aragou, iii, 1904, p. 133. J. Ferruginous brown. Head shorter than the pronotum, with 126 tuyxalixjl. a lougitudiual line on the bead ; the fastigium of the vertex moderately sloping, tlie trout very oblique, and the costal ridge sulcated, the cariuse distinctly diverging from the base to the tip ; eyes large, much larger than the lower part of the cheeks, oval, moderately approximating on the vertex: behind the eyes is a brown band continuous with a lateral band on the pronotum. Pronotum with the metazona shorter than the prozona, the front margin obtusely angulated, a middle carina continuous with tlie line on the vertex, the lateral lobes longer than broad, with the front and hind margins straight and parallel, the outer margin oblique, and convex beyond the middle. Tegmina longer than the abdomen, narrow, rounded at the tip, with the front and inner margins nearly parallel, very broadly sinuous, the spurious ner- vures indistinct, with no intercalated nervure ; but in the middle of the discoidal area, at two-thirds from the base, is an adventitious intercalated nervure formed by a sinuous confluence of nervures. AVings hyaline, with brownish black nervures. Four front femora thickened, curved above, hind femora compressed, longer than the abdomen, but shorter than the tegmina, and with small genicular lobes ; hind tibiie with a terminal spine, the inner spurs unequal, the inner one almost twice as long as the outer. Length 13 mm. ; pronotum, 3 mm. ; antennae, 4 mm. ; tegmina, 1()*4 mm. ; hind fenuu% S mm. SiKKiM : Kurseong. Type in the collection of Father Naviis. 148. Aulacobothrus rubripes, Nav. Scyllina rubripes, Navas, Bol. Soc. Aragon, iv, 1905, p. 53. O . Ochreous brown, with the hind tibiae bright red. Head ochra- ceous, finely dotted with brown ; fastigium of the vertex moderately sloping, the temples distinctly margined above ; frontal ridge sulcated in the middle ; lateral cariiue sinuated ; eyes pyriform, ocelli brownish black. AntenuEe filiform, yellowish at the base, and blackish at the tips. Palpi pale, the first and second joints spotted with brown. Pronotum with the prozona shorter than the metazona, carinated in the middle, the carina only intersected by the typical sulcus; the front margin straight, the hind margin produced into an acute angle ; the lateral lobes transverse, with the front and hind margins parallel, nearly straight, oblique exter- nally, sinuated, with the disk thickly infuscated in the metazona on the hind margin ; meso- and meta-sternal lobes not contiguous. Abdomen pale beneath, unspotted. Tegmina and wings longer than the abdomen, the former brown, with small distinct sub- hyaline ochreous spots, and a large irregular one, and white transverse nervures beyond the middle ; before the middle closely reticulated; an intercalated nervure at the middle of the discoidal area, not extending to the base. Wings hyaline, sulphureous from the base as far as one-fourth in front and as far as the anal margin behind ; the first three lobes infuscated at the tip. Pour AULACOBOTHKUS. — STATTEODEIIL'S. 127 front legs with numerous brown I'ings, tlie hind legs blotched with brown ; hiud femora longer than the abdomen, with the lower sulcus wholly bright red ; hind tibiae shorter tlian the femora, bright red, with the base narrowly brown, and with two or three indistinct spots on the side near the base ; spines brownish, the inner spurs unequal, tlie outer nearly twice as long as the inner ; 9 short spines on the outer, and 10 on the inner margin, red, tipped with black ; tarsi pale brown. Length 23 mm. ; pronotum, 5 mm. ; tegmina, 25 mm. ; hind femur, 14 mm. SiKKiM : Kurseong. Type in the collection of Father Xavas. Genus STAURODERUS. Stauroderus, Bolivar, Ann. Sci. Nat. Porto, iv, 1897, p. 224, v, 1898, p. 4. Type, StenohotJirus morii, Brunn. (nee Tab.). Range. Europe, Asia, N. & W. Africa. Vertex subtriangular, obtuse ; foveolce superior, narrow, well- marked ; antennae filiform ; front hardly oblique, frontal ridge carinated. Pronotum with the lateral carinae sharply augulated inwards before the middle ; tegmina longer than the abdomen, the mediastinal area slightly expanded on the costa near the base, and not extending beyond the middle of the tegmina ; wings hyaline. 149. Stauroderus bicolor, Char p. Gryllus bicolor, Charpentier, Hor. See. Ent. Ross. 1825, p. 161. Eeddish-brown, greenish, or black, with a slight median carina on the head and pronotum, which are lined with black, or are more largely black, the white augulated lateral carinae of the pro- notum being usually very distinctly marked. Antennae half as long again as the head and pronotum together, and of equal length in both sexes. Tegmina subhyaline, greenish along the costa, sometimes more or less varied with pale and dusky spots ; wings hyaline, some- times clouded at the tips. Legs generally yellowish or reddish, femora often with dusky streaks or markings ; tibiae with about 12 small black-tipped spines on each side. Abdomen brown, paler be- Fig.93. neath, and sometimes tipped with red. Stauroderus bicolor. Length 15-24 mm.; pronotum, 2'5-4-8 mm. ; tegmina, 12-21 mm. EUEOPE ; N. AfBICA ; India ; BuBMA ; ChINA ; JaPAX. 128 TRYXALINiE. — OiDIPODIN.T;. Geuus CHORTHIPPUS. Chorthippus, Fieber, Kelcli, Orthopt. Oberscliles. 1852, p. 1. Type, Gryllus elegans, Charp. (= Acrydium albomco'c/inatian, cle Geer). Ramie. Europe, Asia, North America. General characters oi: Sfaurodems, but the carinae of the pro- notum are subparallel, the lateral carinse only divergiug slightly beyond the middle. 150. Chorthippus dorsatus, Zett. GnjUus dorsatus, Zetterstedt, Ortli. Suec. 1821, p. 82. Colour variable, green, testaceous, or brown. Antennae sub- depressed, longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum with the transverse sulcus placed about the middle, the head not carinated above, the pronotum strongly tricarinate, the median carina shghtly raised, the lateral carinas slightly incurved before the middle, and then diverging. Tegmina longer than the abdo- men in the male, usually shorter in the female, subhyaline, some- times with a longitudinal yellow scapular line ; wings hyaline, with brown nervures. Pectus and front legs pilose. Legs not spotted ; hind tibiae with about 12 small spines, decreasing in size towards the base. Subgeuital lamina in the male incurved, pubescent ; valves of the ovipositor unarmed. Length 14-26 mm. ; pronotum, 3-5 mm.; tegmina, 10-21 mm. Europe; N. & W. Asia; Burma. Subfamily IV. CEDIPODIN^. Key to the Genera. [1 (18) Carina of pronotum complete, or cut by one groove. 2 (14) Thorax rather short. 3 (17) Basal half of tegmina opaque. 4 (13) Transverse veins in apical part of tegmina erect, the cells square or oblong. 5 (10) "Wings without well-marked fascia. 6 (9) Tegmina narrow, with square or elongate cells. r -i op 7 (8) Internal calcaria of posterior tibiae . d^topternis, Saiiss., " not greatly unequal, normal . . . . j j^^^^^^^ BoI.,* p. 138. * This genus is unknown to me. The author says that it differs from Dittopternis and Heteropternis in haying the calcaria normal. — C. O. W. cedipodin.t:. 129 8 (7) Internal calcaria of posterior tibiie g-reatly unequal, the lower one much longer than the other, abruptly hooked at apex, very [p. 141. acute .* '. Heteropternis, Stal, 9 (G) Teg-mina relatively broad, with square or oblong cells ; body [p. 130. robust Chlcebora, Sauss, 10 (5) Wings with well-marked fescia. [p. 132. 11 (12) Pronotum without colour marks . . Quiroguesia, Bol., 12 (11) Pronotum with pale marks arranged so as to form an X (Edaleus, Fieb., p. 112. 13 (4) Transverse veins of apical part of [p. 131. tegmina oblique, arranged zig-zag. Pternoscirta, Sauss., 14 (2) Tliorax long. -15 (16) Pronotum with strong crest or acutely tectiform, witliout rugae ; [p. 144. wings without black at ajiex .... Gastrimaegus, Sauss., 16 (15) Pronotum with well-marked median carina, and with numerous longi- [p. 137. tudinal rugre Morphacris, Walk, Basal and apical portions of tegmina both subhyaline Locusta, L., p. 145. Dorsum of pronotum or its carina cut by two grooves. Pronotum without very distinct crest. Tegmina of male rather short and dilated, the apical third strongly curved backwards ; anteunas acu- [p. 147. minate at apex Mecistopteryx, Sauss., Tegmina normal ; antenme tiliform. Body very robust ; tegmina rather broad ; radial veins of wings some- what thickened, especially in the male, and then attenuated' at apex. Bryodema, Fieb., p. 150. Body normal ; tegmina long and narrow. Pronotum short, broadly rounded [p. 152. behind, or very slightly angular. . Acrotylus, Fieb., Pronotum distinctly angulai' behind; basal third of tegmina generally [p- 15'5. opaque Sphingonotus, Fieb., 26 (19) Pronotum with well-marked crest, which, when viewed sideways, is strongly bilobed in front ........ Trilophidia, Stal, [p. 148. 17 (3) 18 (1) 19 (26) 20 (21) 21 22 (20) (23) 23 (22) 24 (25) 25 (24) Fig. 94. — Side view of head of Locusta danica. 1 30 a:DiPODiN.i3. Genus CHL(EBORA, Sanss. Chhihora, Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884/ pp. 54, l;W ; XXX (] ), 1888, pp. 18, 19, 33. TrPE, CJdcehora f/rossa, Saiiss. Range. India, Madagascar. Body stout. Anteiinte filiforin, moderately thick, as long as the head and ])ronotum together in the female, and rather longer in the male. Vertex sloping into the clypeus, with scarcely an indication of a division ; face quadricarinate, the central pair commencing on the inner side of the upper surface of the eyes, curving inwards within the antennae, and then running down- wards, but not quite extending to the end of the clypeus; the outer cariuie running from the eyes opposite the autenuce, and curving forwards and then backwards to the outer lower corner of the clypeus. Pronotum with a stx'ongly-raised median carina, not divided by the slightly-indicated sulci, with the hinder extremity subtriangular and obtusely truncated at the end ; lateral lobes higher than long, with the front and hind borders nearly parallel and the lower marjiiii convex. Tegmina long, nearly jiarallel- sided, slightly expanded on the costa near the base, opaque and very thickly reticulated to beyond the middle, the outer area sub- hyaline, more or less closely reticulated. Wings ample, rathei- shorter than the tegmina, opaque at the base and hyaline on the margins. Hind femora thick, moderately Ions;, very slightly serrulated on the upper carinas ; hind tibiae spinose, pubescent. Mesosterual lobes separated by a wide oval space between the narrow curved foveohe at the extremity of the mesosternum. Ke'j to the Species. 1 (4) Wings yellow at base. i' (3) Crest of proiiotuni arched, tectiform in front f/rossa, Sauss., p. 130. 3 (2) Crest of pronotam nearly straight, more lamellated hrumina, Sauss.. p. 131. 4 (1) Wings red at base crassa, Walk., p. 131. 151. Chlcebora grossa, Sauss. Chloebova grossa, Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, p. 132; XXX (1), 1888, p. 33; Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Eut. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 604. Yellowish grey ; head large, rather smooth, especially at the sides, which are ashy ; face vertical, slightly arched ; vertex broad between the eyes, carinulated at the base of its scutellum, whicli is smooth, broad, rather short, and broadly truncated in front ; facial ridge punctate, rugulose, subparallel-sided, and CIlL(EBORA. 131 slightly narrowe.l by the vertex; teniponx trigonal ami lanceolate. Pronotum above inclistinclly taberculate in the front and middle of the central area, obtusely angiilated atiteriorly, behind bluntly rectangular ; median crest continuous, subarcuate (seen laterally), teetil'orm in the front area, very slightly intersected by the principal sulcus; lateral lobes between the sulci smooth, sparingly punctured, but elsewhere thickly ; the lower margin arched, the t'ront margin oblique or slightly sinuated. Tegmina extending as far as the middle tibiae, coriaceous and mottled witli black towards the base, with the a})ical third hyaline and reticulated ; ulnar area much broader than the median area, with an incom- plete arched intercalated nervure. Wings yellow (?) at the base, hyaline beyond, with a narrow brown marginal border. Hind legs long, hind femora obsoletely banded with brown, the carinse dotted with black, the lower margin arched, the upper very finely serrulated and the basal half dilated ; hind tibiae I'ed, with a pale ring at the base ; arolia small, membranous; hind tibia? with 1<) spines in the outer row — 5 large and 5 rudimentary. Len5. with brown calif/iuusa, De Ilaan. 4 (•!) Length 21 mm. ; tegmina with apical half with only a row of brown spots [p. 136. near front margin himaciilatus, Thmib., 155. Fternoscirta cinctifemiir, Wall-. Acriilium ciHctifemur, Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) iv, 1859, p. 223. (Edipocia saturata, "Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 740. Pternoschid mtitrata, Saussure, 3Iem. Soc. Geneve, xxx (1). 1888, p. 3(3. Fternosciiia huntbcrtianu, Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9). 1884, p. 127. Head and pronotnm granulose, brown, mottled with pale markij]gs ; abdomen shining black ; pronotum and abdomen with PTEEXOSCIPtTA. 135 a coiitimious median carina, pronotum slightly pi-oduced and obtusely rounded behind. Tegmina narrow, brown, slighUy ex- panded on the costa near the base and rounded at the extremity ; two large pale spaces, one just beyond the costal expansion, and the other, paler, just beyond the middle ; the busal area is very closely reticulated and speckled with grey ; the outer area is brown, varied with subhyaline spaces, often forming short trans- verse lines and obliquely reticu- lated. Wings rose-colour on the basal half, then clouded hyaline, darkest towards the margins, which become brown towards the apex, .soraetiiiies forming two ir- regular spots, lliud femora buff or bluish grey outside, with black spots ; banded with black above and black on the hiner side, with two pale bands before the black knees ; hind tibise black, banded with yellow at the base and blue beyond, with 9 or 10 black spines ; hind tarsi yellow. Length 22-;30 mm.; expanse of tegmina, 46-58 mm. CEYIiOJf. Types in the British Museum. [The illustration is taken from the type of P. saturata, Walk.J Fig. 97. Ptcriioscirta riiK-fifent itr. 156. Pternoscirta caliginosa, De Haan. Acridium {(Edipoda) cff/'/V//ViOs?«??i,DeIIaan, Temmiiick, 'Serhandel.. Oi-tb. 1842, p. 161, pl.'xxi, tig. n. Ftrnwscirfd caliqinom, Saussure, INIem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, pp. 127, '128. Eugose and granulated, reddish, irregularly marked with blackisli. Head with the scutellum of the vertex strongly con- tracted above tlie antennae, the carina^ then gradually diverging : the lateral curved carina) running from between the eyes and antenna) to the end of the clypeus well marked ; a pale spot Avithin each eye, and another, bordered above and below with black, on the pleura. Pronotum with the median carina strongly marked, but nearly straight, cut by the principal sulcus distinctly before the middle ; hind border obtusely angidated. Abdomen yellowish, cariuated above. Tegmina long, narrow, brown, mottled with yellowish grey, often with two pale spaces as in the last species. Wings much longer than broad, hyaline, yellow toward)* 136 (EDIPODIN.E. the base and brown towards the tips. Hind femora yellowish, banded with brown ; hind tibiae black, banded with yellow at the base and blue beyond ; about 8 spines on each side, tipped with black. Length 27-29 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 50-60 mm. India ; Malacca. Type in the Ley den Museum. 157. Pternoscirta bimaculata, Thunh. Gri/lliis bimaculatus, Thuuberg, Mem. Acad. Petersb, v. 1815, p. 239. Epacroviia turbata, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt, B.M. iv, 1870, p. 776. Acroti/liis hmnhertianus, Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, pp. 187, 189. Greyish-tawny, whitish beneath, pubescent. Scutellum of the vertex with black carinas and terminating in a transverse carina ; frontal ridge sulcated, puuctui-ed, cheeks granulated. Pronotum short, with a blackish band behind the eye, extending over a great part of the pleura, but divided by a large tri- angular pale spot in front and a large round one in the middle ; de- flexed lobes much higher than long. Abdomen mostly black above. Teg- mina brown, with two transverse whitish bands or spots, and the discoidal area hyaline beyond the middle. AVings subhyaline, with the base yellow, the costa beyond the middle brown, and the marginal half clouded with brown, except below the dark costal line. iVont legs yellowish, ringed with black; hind femora banded ^^■ith black and yellowish ; hind tibiae black at the base, followed by a white and a black band ; the rest blue, with S or 9 black-tipped spines. Length 21 mm.; tegmina, 19 mm. Ceylon. Type of P. turhata in the British Museum. [The description is taken from the type of P. turhata, AValk.] Fig. 98. Pieriiosciria bimaculata. a. Apical half of teginen. MORrifACRIS. 137 Geuus MORPHACRIS. Morphacris, Walker, Cnt. Derm. Salt. V,M. iv, 1870, p. 7t>0. Co-^vwrhyssa, Stal, Recens. Orth. i, 187o, pp. 116, 121 ; Saiissure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, pp. oO, 123; xxx (1), 1888, pp. 18, 37. Type, Morphacris adusta, Walk. {=^GryUas saiKjidneus, Tluinb., immature). Range. Africa, AV^. Asia, India, Greece (?). Body long and slender. Scutellum of the vertex depressed, with a median carina, terminating in front in a sUght ridge between the antennre ; costal ridge slightly prominent, sulcated ; lateral carinae obsolete. Pronotum with the median carina strongly marked ; the principal sulcus is indistinct and placed considerably before the middle, and behind it are several strong continuous carinas on each side. Tegmiua long, narrow, slightly expanded on the costa towards the base, the postradial area extending to the middle. Wings yellow or red at the base, separated by a dark band from the outer hyahne area. Femora long, rather slender, not serrulated. 158. Morphacris citrina, Kirhy. Morphacris citrina, Kirby, Syii. Cat. Orth. iii, 1910, p. 219. Cosmorhyssa sulcata, Saussure {nee Thunb.), JNlem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, p. 124; xxx (1), 1888, p. 37. Head brown, darker above and along the frontal ridge ; upper part of the sides of the face below the eyes yellowish to the end of the clypeus beside the costal ridge. Pro- notum brown, with a black band on the pleura, marked below with a raised yellowish line. Abdomen yellowish, with a shining black spot above near the base. Legs brown, hind femora within with two longi- tudinal black bands covering much of the surface ; hind tibiae yellow, with a dark band near the base. Tegmina brown, paler towards the inner margin, on which a few dark dots are visible ; outer area subhyaline, slightly shining, and reticulated with square cells. Wings light sulphur- yellow at the base, bordered by a broad blackish band ; outer area hyaline, somewhat clouded towards the extremity. Length 20-27 mm. ; expanse of wings, 42 -4o mm. India ; Ceylon ; Sybia ; Abyssinia. The South-African M. sulcata, Thunb., is darker and more heavily marked. Fig. 99. Murphacris citrina. 13S (KDIPODIN.E. Genus LEEINA. Lcrina, lloliviir, Ami. Sue. Eiit. France, Ixx, i!)U2, p. GO:^. Tvpi:, Lerina (edipoJioides, Bol. Ihuun . ,S. India. Body very sleuder. Head smootli, front shining, frontal ridge sulcated ; tempora trigonal, lanceolate, extending to the tip of the vertex, with the ridges acute ; scutelluni of the vertex sub- transverse, carinated on the sides next to the eyes, distinctly narrowed in front, and truncated; ocelli distant from the margin of the vertex ; antennae filiform. Pronotuia truncated in front, rectangular behind, smooth above, and carinated, the carina inter- sected before the middle b}' the principal suiciis. Pronotum sinuous in front, the lateral carinae being compressed before the sulcus, with smooth rounded lobes ; the defiexed lobes higher than long, with the hinder angles rectangularly rounded. Tegmina longer than the hind femora, narrow, subparallel-sided, with the discoidal area membranous from the central stigma to the tip, regularly reticu- lated with long rectangular cells, the spurious nei'vures complete ; the basal half submembranous and irregularly reticulated ; an intercalated nervure approximating to the median nervure, axillary nervure free. Wings with the discoidal nervure emitting two branches, the second closely approximating to the front ulnar vein, disk hyaline, with a curved brown band. Space between the metasternal lobes very narrow in the male, half as narrow as the space between the mesosternal lobes. Hind femora short, very broad at the base, with the upper carina very slightly serrulated; tibiae with eight outer and nine inner spines, outer spurs rather shorter than the inner, and not pilose. Sub- genital laminte conical, ver}' short. 159. Lerina cedipodioides, Bui. Lcrina fedipodioidcs, Bolivar, Aim. Scic. Ent. France, Ixx, 190:.'. p. 600. Pale yellowish, varied with brown, and head and pronotum spotted with brown. Tegmina with three brown bands. Wings hyaline, pale yellow at the extreme base, behind with a suffused brown niarc^iiinl band, not extending to the tip. Hind femora brown, broadly pale at the base, and with a narrow pale ring- before the tip ; hind tibiae brown, with a narrow space near the base, and a broad one near the tip, pale. Length, J , 10 mm.; pronotum, 3 mm. ; tegmina, 17 mm.; hind femur, 9 mm. JMadiias: Madura. Tijpe in the collection of M. Paurel. JJlTTOi'TERXIS. 139 Genus DITTOPTERNIS. Dit/dptenii,-!, Saussiire, Mum. Sdc. (ifiir've, xxviii (9), 1884, pp. 52, 125; XXX (I), 1888, ])p. 19,44. 'J'ype, Dittopiernis cej/lonica. Sauss. Range. India. Ceylon. Australia, 8. Africa. Head broad, grainilated ; scutelluiu of the vertex 5-sided, longer than broad, truncated in front, and the lateral carinae not extending behind the eyes ; frontal ridge broadly sulcated, parallel-sided, continuous ; antenna^ longer Ihau the head and pronotum. Prouotum granulose, the median carina- bitiiber- cnlate in front, and deeply cut by the principal sulcus before the middle ; the front border truncated, behind this somewhat constricted to the principal sulcus ; hind border rectangular, with the tip rounded off ; deflexed lobes nearly square, with the borders slightly sinuated. Tegniiua long, narrow, densely reticulate, and opaque to beyond the middle, then membranous and subhyaline, with complete intercalated nervm'es. Wings hyaline, with the base coloin-ed, and a curved black band beyond. Hind femora denticulated, hind tibia? with nine or ten spines. • Kcij to ilic Species. 1 (2) Head and pronotum slightly aramilar. . cci/Ziwica, Sauss., p. 139. 2 (1) Head and prnnotum Rtroiioiy granular. 3 (4) Lateral lobes of pronotum rectangular behind roiusfa, Walk., p. 140. 4 (3) Lateral lohes of ])rnnotiim ()l)lique and rounded behind zehrata, 8au!-s., p. ]40. 100. Dittopternis ceylonica. Sanss. Dittopternis ceylonicn. Sanssure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, pp. 125, 12(j ; XXX (1), 1888, pp. 19, 44. Keddish grey, marbled with brown. Head rather smooth, vertex between the eyes very slightly carinulated, with a few granules on the occiput; frontal ridge sulcated, much narrowed between the antennse, and truncated above. Pronotum with the principal sulcus slightly before the middle, somewhat constricted before the sulcus, granulated in front, the carina raised, and well marked, the hind border forming less than a right angle, and rounded at the tip ; deflexed lobes rectangular behind. Teginina long, brown or ferruginous, the basal half with two chestnut bands, then narrowly dotted A\ith grej", the hinder portion concolorous ; the discoidal area beyond the middle sub- hyaline, with ferruginous nervures. AVings hyaline, base bright yellow, followed by a more or less extensive brown band ; nervures of the costa brown ; the rest hyaline, more or less clouded before the tip. Hind femora yellowish with three brown 140 CEDIPODIXjE. bands, the last just before the tip ; sometimes the inner surface is bluish ; jiind tibiae blue, with a pale ring at the base. Leiu/th 17-24 mm.: tegmina, 18-23 mm.; hind femur, 7- 13 mm. CETLOIf. Tyj)^ in the Geneva Museum. 161. Dittopternis venusta, Wall-. (Edipoda venmta, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M, iv, 1870, p. 740. Ditto})ternis venusta, Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxx (1), 1888, p. 40. Brown, paler beneath. Vertex with four diverging rows of pale granules running backwards from between the eyes ; those in the two middle rows largest ; a blacliish band runs backwards from each eye over the occiput and part of the pronotutn, bordered above and below by a slight yellow line ; antennae very long, tawny at the base, then banded with black and white, with a long white space not extending to the tip. Pronotum rugose, granulated and strongly carinated, cub by the principal sulcus before the middle, obtusely angulated behind, with the tip rounded ; deflexed lobes quadran- gular behind. Tegmina long, narrow, with the basal half and costa brown, \^'ith a large yellow blotch at one- fourth of the length extending half across the tegmina, and smaller yellowish spots aloug the. costa and middle ; the outer area subhyaline. Wings hyaline, yellow at the base, with a broad suffused blackish" band beyond. Abdomen yellow, carinated, with a black tapering- median band above, liot ex- tending to the tip. Hind femora tawny, with black transverse bauds ; hind tibiae black at base, followed by a light yellow band, then blue ; spines yellow, tipped with black"; terminal spines and tarsi reddish. Length 25 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 53 mm. S. India. Type in the British Museum. Fig. 100. Bittojiteriiis venusta. 102. Dittopternis zebrata, Sauss. Dittopternis zehyata, Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, pp. l-irj, lL'6; xxx (1), 1888, p. 44. Fulvous, irrorated with brown, strongly rugose and granulated. HETEROPTERNIS. 141 Occiput with two oblique lines of granules. Pronotum with the tip not very acute, the margins slightly waved, the hinder angle of the hinder lobes rather narrow, extending obliquely backwards Avitli the hinder margin slightly concave. Tegmina dotted and spotted with black, and dotted with grey at the tip. Wings hyaline, with longitudinal brown nervures, yellow at tlie base, followed by a suffused brown band, and with the margin brown, streaked with hyaline in the male. Hind tibite blue. Length 20-25 mm.; tegmina, 20-26 mm. India ; Burma.. Genus HETEROPTERNIS. Hetercqifcrnis, Stal, Recens. Orth. i, 1873, pp. 117, 128; Saussiire, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxvhi (9), 1884, p. 129; xxx (1), 1888, pp. 19, 45. Type, Acrydimn respond ens, A\^alk. liange. Oriental Region, Africa. Body rather slender. Head smooth or slightly granulated ; vertex of the scutellum broad behind, narrowed and truncated in front, costal ridge sulcated, tempora oblong. Pronotum not much longer than broad, slightly compi-essed in front, and with the typical sulcus placed somewhat before the middle ; hind border rectangular. Tegmina long, narrow, brown, speckled and blotched with subhyaline ; wings hj^aline, often more or less clouded, but with no dark curved band. Hind tibite red, claws very unequal, incurved. Keg to the Species. Pronotum unicolorous resjiojidens, Walk. Pronotum paler behind partita, Walk. 163. Heteropternis respoiidens, Wcdlc Acn/diiim respondens, Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) iv, 1859, p. 223. Heteropternis pyrrhoscelis, Stal, Recens. Orth. i, 1873, p. 128 ; Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9j, 1884, pp. 129, 130; xxx (1), 1888, p. 46. Eufo-testaceous, varied with black. Head rather smooth, lateral carinse slender, frontal ridge punctured ; antennae brown, paler at the base, filiform, longer than the head and pronotum. Pronotiuu velvety, paler or darker above, with a continuous median carina, cut by the principal sulcus before the middle ; the front somewhat constricted, and the pleura marked with a large square black spot, behind which is a round white callous one ; detiexed lobes higher than broad, curving backwards and upwards ; hind border of pronotum nearly rectangular, rounded at the extremity. Tegmina 142 IKDIPOUIX-I-. Fig. 101. HeieroptciJiis respoiideiii>. . Apex of tibia with spurs. longer tlian tlie abdomen, with large sublivaline spots and blotches along the costa, and a longitudinal row ot" .sub]iyali]je spots about the middle. AVin(fsh3faliue, more or less clouded to- wards the tijDs, and more or less tinged with red or yellow at the base. Hind femora yellowish, irregularly spotted and mottled with blaeli above and on the outer side ; red on the inner side and beneath ; hind tibife red, with nine or ten small black-tipped spines, with the upper spine of the inner terminal pair much shorter and more slender than the lower ones. Under sviri'ace and legs with long white liairs. Leiir/fh 19-22 mm.; tegmina, ID- India; Cetlox; Burma; China; Malacca ; Java ; Sumatra. 1G4. Heteropternis partita, WaJk. Epncromid partita, Walker, Cut. Deviu. Salt. ]i.M. iv, 1870, p. 780. Dark brown, mottled with grey, antennsB reddish. Pronotum strongly angulated behind, and the liinder third reddish, the dark ground-colour cutting into this triangularly in front; median carina and hind border of the reddisli portion narrowly bordered witli black. iXbdomen reddisli brown above, blackish beneath. Tegmina brow)i at the base with a few pale spots ; bpyond sub- hyaline, reticuhited with brown ; wings liyaline, with brown iiervures, except at the base, m here the longitudinal nervures are bright yellow. Hind femora brown outside, lined with grey ; lower outer space reddish, spotted with black ; under and inner surface, and hind tibiae and tarsi red ; spines of hind tibiae short, bhick. Length 28 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, iio mm. Ceyloin' : Ha-kgala. Type in the British Museum. Genus (EDALEUS. (Edak'us, Fieber, Ijotos, iii, 18.>5, p. 1:?0. Type, Acrijdiam n'ujrofasciatvjn, De Geer. h'anrje. Old World. Head large, frontal scutellum longer than broad, and truncated in front, witli a slight median carina continued backwards over the vertex ; frontal ridge parallel-sided, sulcated ; tempora small, trigonal. Pronotum short, green or luteous, witli incomplete (EUALKUS, 143 white erucifoni) marks ; .stroiii^ly carinatecl, and entire, the median sulcus visible on the sides of the pronotum before the middle ; the hind border rectangular or obtusely angulated. Tegmiua long, narrow, brown on the basal half, with white markings, then subhyaline with brown markings, intercalated areas subequal; wings yellowish at the base, with a broad dark central band. Hind femora with the upper margin generally entire. Kc'ii to the Species. 1 (4) Pronotum more or less pointed beliiiul. ^p -[j^-^ 2 {•?,) Size moderate nigrofa.'^ciafus, ]ie Geer, ."> (3) Size small ahruptux,'V\nmh.,-<^. 144. 4 (1) Prouotum rounded behind sencydlenxis. Kraiiss, [p. 143. 165. (Edaleiis nigrofasciatus, i^auss. AcrydiiDii iiltjrofasciatum, De Geer, Mem. Ins. iii, ITTo, p. 493, pi. xli, tig-. '), Qidah'Hx nifirnfasciatus, Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, pp.']lb, 116 ; XXX (1), 1888, p. 40. Gnjlhis jUavus, pt., Fabricius {nee Jjinufens), Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 292. Green or testaceous, banded with brown. Pronotum brown, with white markings above, forming an imperfect cross, and white marknigs on the pleura; central carina strongly marked, nearly straight, not usually cut by the principal sulcus, which is placed before the middle ; hiiul border more or less angulated. Tegmiua brown at the base, more or ll^^^^K^^P^ l*^''*s varied with pale blotches ; some- times green along the inner margin ; outer half subhyaline, more or less varied with brown blotches ; wings greenish subhyaline at the base, with a broad black transverse band, curving inwards to the anal angle; tip clear hyaline, sometimes with a few blackish spots at the extremity. Hind femora y^Lw 7 ^''^■. ^^7 ., pale, banded with black; hind tibia; ^ ■ red, with a yellow ring at the base. Length 18-38 mm.; pronotum, 4-8 mm. ; tegmina, 16-24 mm. S. Europe ; AV. Asia ; Ixdia ; Ceylox. 166. (Edaleus senegalensis, Krauss. Vachytylus sniegalcnsis, Krauss, Sitz. Akad. ^^'iss. U'ien, Matb.- nat. CI. Ixxvi (1), 1877, p. 56, pi. i, tig. 9. (Edaleus seiicf/almsis, Saussure, Men). Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, pp. no, 117 ; xxx (1), 1888, pp. 40, 42. \ri\ similar to the last species, but the pronotum is much 144 (EDIPODIN^. shorter; the white lines are more slender, the principal sitIcus is placed at or behind the middle, and the hinder edge of the pronotum is rounded. The tegmina are long and narrow, sub- h)'aline, with the base varied \\ith light brown, two larger blotches being more conspicuous than the others. Wings greenish hyaline towards the base, with the black transverse band rather narrow, not extending to the margin, and slightly interrupted towards the costa ; apical area hyaline, the veins often broader and browner towards the extreme tip. Hind tibiae darker red than in (E. nigrofasciatvs, fading to yellowish. Leytf/th 26-31 nim. ; tegmina, 20-30 mm. Generally distributed in Asia and Africa. 167. (Edaleiis abruptus, Thvnb. Gn/lhis ahnivtus, TLunberg, Mem. Acad. Petersb. v. 1815, p. 233: ix, 1884, p]). 396, 412, pL xlv, tijr. 5. Pachytfilus (CEda/eus) abniptus, Stal, Eecens. Orth. i. 1873, p. 127. (Edaleus abnq^tus. Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, pp. 110, 117 ; XXX (1), 1888, p. 40. Green or testaceous, with hrown and white markings. Scu- tellum of the vertex long, narrow, subtriangular, and pointed. Pronotum brown with white cross-marks above, and white and brown oblique stripes on the sides of the head and pronotum ; angulated behind, with the principal sulcus placed much before the middle. Tegmina brown, Avith three pale bands before the middle ; beyond the middle subbyaline, sometimes with the axillary area green. "Wings very pale greenish yellow towards the base, with a brownish central fascia, more or less extended: outer area hyaline, more or less marked with brown. Tibiae reddish, or glaucous, paler towards the base. LenrjiJi 13-20 mm. ; tegmina, 15-19 mm. Ikdia ; Ceylox ; Chixa. Genus GASTEIMARGUS. Gastrimargus. Saiissiire, Mem. Soe. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, pp. 109, 110 ; XXX (1), 1888, p. 37. Type, Grylliis virescens, Thunb. Range. Old World. General characters of (Edaleits, but these are insects of large size, with the pronotum long, pointed behind, and longitudinally or obliquely striped with green, brown, and whitish. Femora generally serrulated above. Tegmina Mith the costal space above the intercalated area narrower than the lower one; wings gene- rally yellow or blue, with a broad central band, and the apical area hyaline. GASTr.IM ARGUS. — LOCUSTA. 145 168. Gastrimargus transversus, Thunh. Grylhis trcmsversns, Thunberir, M«m. Acad. Petorsb. v, 1815, p. 283 ; ix, 1824, pp. 396, 412. (Edipoda citrina, Buriueister, Haudb. Ent. ii, 1838, p. 645. (Edaleus mannorcdus. var. viinor, SaLissure, Mem. Soc. Geneve^ XXX (1), 1888, p. 39, Gi'een, aiitenniB reddish. Behind each eye a pale spot runs to the back of the head, bordered above and below with black, which is generally continuous on the front of the pro- notum ; in the most brightly coloured specimens there is an ill-defined pale band below the black, and below this again a black patch from the back of the head to the middle of the pleura, with a pale spot in front and behind. Pronotum acutely angulaied behind, with a strong pale median carina, sometimes bordered with black, or with a black spot on each side at the extremity. Abdomen greenish. Tegmina long and narrow, the inner margin green, the rest of the tegmina brown to tlie middle, with whitish markings, especially a transverse one near the base ; the outer half of the tegmina hyaline, generally more or less blotched with brown. Wings shorter than the tegmina, bright sulphur-yellow at the base, with a black central band curving round to the anal angle ; beyond this, the wing is hyaline, more or less blackisli at the tip. Hind femora long and slender, greenish or yellowish, spotted and dotted with black, and serrulated above ; hind tibiae red, often shading into greenish at the base, with the spines tipped with black. Length, body, 30-45 mm. ; hind femora, 19-25 ram. ; expanse of tegmina, 70-85 mm. Kashmir : Baltistan ; Xepal ; United Provinces : Garhwal ; Assam : Sylhet ; Bengal ; Madras : Shevaroy Hills ; Java ; Celebes. Fig. 103. — Gastrimargus transversus. Genus LOCUSTA. LocHsia, Limifeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. x.) i, 1758, p. Enum. lus. Austr. 1781, p. 246, Gri/llus, Fabi'icius, Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 287. 431 ; Schrank, 146 GSDIPODIX.'E. Acnjdium, Latreille {nee Geoftroy), Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. iii, 1802, p. 282 ; xii, 1804, p. 149. Pachytylus, Fieber, Kelch, Grimdl. Kemitn. Orthoiat., 1852, p. 5. Type, Onjllus Locusta migratorius, L. Range. Old World. Size large. Autennae longer than the head and pronotum. rastigium of the vertex broad, not depressed, subcarinated, passing over into the frontal ridge, which is broad and hardly sulcated. Pronotum more or less constricted in front, strongly ridged ; the carina hardly intersected by the principal sulcus, which is placed about the middle and angiilated behind ; deflexed lobes with the hinder edge very slightly ssloping. Tegmina very long, subhyaline, more or less stippled with brown ; wings hyaline, with no dark central band. All the tibia? spinose, hind femora hardly serrulated. Pectus broad, pilose, mesosternal lobes with the inner margins nearly straight, metasternal lobes widel}^ sepa- rated. Pirst segment of the abdomen with the tympanum slightly exposed. Keg to the Species. Hind femora very slender migratoroides, R. & F. Hind femora rather stout danica, L. 1G9. Locusta migratoroides, R. t|- F. CEdipoda iiiiyratoroides, Reiche & Fairmaire, Ferret & Galiuier, Voy. Abyssinie, iii, 1847, p. 430, pi. xxviii, fig-. 12. Paclii/tglus migratoroides, Saussure, Mem. !Soc. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, pp. 119, 120. Greenish brown, or reddish brown ; head generally with a slender pale line beliind the eyes, bordered with reddish brown, and con- tinuous M'ith a broad parallel-sided reddish-brown band on each side of the pronotum. Pronotum granulated, constricted from a little behind the liead to the middle. Tegmina niottled and reticu- lated with brown ; wings hyaline. Hind femora rather long, not much thickened at the base, and regularly tapering. Hind legs brownish yellow , with the lower, and sometimes the upper, part of the femora reddish. Length 42-4G mm. ; tegmina, 4G-60 mm. Widely distributed throughout the Old World, except Europe. 170. Locusta danica, L. Gryllus Locusta danicus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. xii.) i (2), 1767, p. 702. Pachytyhis danicus, Aurivillius, Ent. Tidskr. xxi, 1900, pp. 246, 247. Gryllus cinerascens, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. i, 1781, p. 3G9. Green or brown, banded with brown. Behind the eye runs a brown stripe, generally intersected by a white line on the head LOCUSTA. — ilECISTOPTEEYX. 147 across tlie head and pronotum ; these stripes are narrower than in L. vw/ratoroides, slightly converge behind, and do not ex- tend to the extremity of the pronotuin, which is smootlier and less con- stricted than in L. migrato ro ides. Tegmin a subhyaliiie, more or less extensively blotched and reticulated with brown, the dark blotches often showing- a tendency to coalesce into transverse bands ; wings greenish or yellowish hj^aline. Hind femora green, thicker and less tapering than in L. mir/ratoroides ; black on the inside to the middle, and with a large black patch be- yond ; npper surface ser- rnlated ; hind tibioe red. Male much smaller than the female. LengiJi 32-60 mm. ; Fig. 10-^.— locus/a danka. pronotum, J'O-U mm. ; tegmina, 35-58 mm. Found almost throughout the Old World. Genus MECISTOPTERYX. Mecigtopteri/.v, Saussm'e, pp. 20, 52. Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxx (1), 1888, Type, (Edlpoda rotundata, Walk. Range. India, y^j Size small. Antenuse fihform, rather thickened in the middle and pointed at the tip. Eyes rounded, large, and prominent ; within each a carina runs from the vertex, nearly straight, but rather irregular below, and curving a little outwai'ds to the end of the clypeus ; on the vertex two other carinas curve inwards to forni the sc-utellum of the vertex, and the sulcatiou of the frontal ridge, which is divided by a transverse carina in its narrowest part above the antenna; ; occiput rugose. Pronotum strongly crested, with the three sulci very strongly marked, the ■first and last intersecting the median carina ; the lateral carinas slightly marked ; the hind border obtusely rounded ; deflexed lobes nearly square, but the hinder angle rounded off. Tegmina narrow at tihe base, much widened before the extremity, with the l2 148 (EDIPODIX.T. costa arched ; costal area A'ery broad, \\ ith several intercalated nervures ; wings short and broadly subhyaline, with clouded border, widely meshed on the front half, very closely on the hinder half. Hind femora moderately stout, .>/ oil c ma inda. 152 cedipodinjE. India (teste Saussui-e) ; Tibet : Dakar. The Tibetan specimens are not so dark in the wings as Saussure's description suggests the Indian specimens to be, Bianchi rightly observes that the Indian examples are probabl}' Himalayan. Genus ACROTYLUS. Acrotylus, Fieber, Lotos, iii, 1853, p. 125. Type, Gri/Hi(s instibrictis, Scop. Range. S. Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia. Size rather small. Body pubescent, prouotum stouter than the abdomen. Antennae filiform, variable in length. Head short, rather large ; eyes rounded, prominent ; costal ridge rather broadly sulcated, becomiug narrower in front, and frequently acuminated or constricted on the vertex ; scutellum of the vertex triangular, concave. Pronotum short, more or less constricted in front, with the hind margin rounded or obtusely triangular, distinctly cari- nated throughout, with the carina generally intersected by the front sulcus, and also by the typical sulcus at or before the middle ; deflexed lobes much higher than long, with the hinder angle rounded off, not produced, and the liind margin nearly straight. Tegmina narrow, with the apical area subhyaline ; the costa expanded near the base, and the costal area divided almost equally longitudinally by the intercalated nervure ; the outer intercalated nervures frequently obsolete; median nervure absent. Wings hyaline, generally red or yello^^• at the base, with a dark curved central band. Hind femora generally yellowish, with blackish bands or spots above, and black on the inner side ; hind tibia? more or less blue, with the terminal spurs unequal. Key to the Species. [Wings red at the base inficita, "Walk. Wings yellow at the base hiunbertianits, Saus,s.] 176. Acrotylus inficita, Wall-. QSdipoda injicita, Walker, Cat. Derm, Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 742. [Light brown, testaceous beneath. Head short ; tip of the vertex conical, concave, with a carina on each side ; the four carinJB of the front well defined, the lateral ones diverging much towards the clypeus ; eyes elliptical ; antenna? blackish towards the tips. Pronotum short, with a distinct carina ; on each side a black subquadrate patch, bordered with testaceous, and in- cluding a callus of that colour ; hind border rounded, not elongated. Abdomen testaceous, as long as the hind femora. ACKOTYLUS. — SPIIINGOXOTUS. 153 Hind femora testaceous on the inner side, where there are two black patclies ; hind knees black, hind tibiae yellow, much shorter than the hind femora, the spines tipped with black. Tegmina Mith the basal half light brown, except a brown costal stripe and a middle stripe of darker brown spots and dots ; this stripe extends along the apical half, which is hyaline ; there is a triangular testaceous spot in the front margin about one-third from the base. Hind wings hyaline bright reddish-rose at the base, with a rather broad, lunate, brown spot on the disk ; there are a few small brown spots along the costal margin and two at the apex. Length 23 mm. ; tegmina, 22 mm. N. Bengal : Ceylo:n^. Type in the British Museum.] 177. Acrotylus humbertianus, Sauss. Acroti/lus humhertianus, Saussure, Mem. See. Geneve, xxviii (9), 1884, p. 189. a^dipoda injiciia, var. /3, AValker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 742. [Fulvous grey, whitish beneath, pubescent. Body somewhat smooth ; vertex a little pi'ominent. Pro- notum finely carinate ; prozona with two fuscous fascise, the lateral margin white below. Tegmina with two oblique white fasciae or spots, the discoidal area hyaline beyond the middle in front, the trans- verse nervures somewhat tinted with fuscous ; no spurious veins ; the areoles large ; the posterior intercalate space with a line of fuscous spots. Wings hyaline, yellow at the base ; the radial area with a semilunar fuscous fascia. The posterior femora fasciate. Lemjtli, 5i IS mm., es. I'lonotum le^u .> ^ith no median carina ; deftexed lol)es oblique beneath. Tegmina and wings rather long ; tegmina light brown at the base, thicldy reticulated, followed bv a wide pale space, and a rather ill-defined broad brown transverse band. Wings blue to the middle, followed by a black band, varying in width, curving from the middle or the costa to above the anal angle, but not extending to the hind margin, which, as well as the whole area beyond the band, is clear hyaline. Hind femora blue, inner surface black with a pale baud before the tip, and with black bands above ; tibia? alternately banded with blue and black. Length -32-35 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 02-79 mm. Punjab : Malakand ; Assam : Sylhet. In the specimen from Malakand, the wings are ra b^r pa^ei blue, and the black band is narrower than m those from feylhet. Fig. 100. SphbujoHofub longipcn, 184. Sphingonotus balteatus, Serv. (Edipoda balteata, ServiUe, Ins. Ortb. 1839, V-^^*- ... SphLionotus balteatus, pt., Saussm-e, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxx (i), 188*8, pp. 78, 86. Grey or reddish-grey, thickly punctured ^^/'^^•y. f^^g^jj^ pale space, ollovved "^l^''^^^^^^^^^^^^ transverse nervures. 1 53 (EDIPODIX.E. BATRACOTETRIGIN.E. hind tibiae blue, varied with white, the spines tipped with black ; bind tarsi whitish. Length 34-35 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 70-SS mm. Bombay ; Kashmir : Ealtistan. Type in the Paris Museum, 185. Sphingonotus gigas, sp. nov. Buff, with a double row of black spots on the middle segments ■of the abdomen. Pronotum finely rugose, carinated throughout, aud with scattered raised nodules. Legs rather short, pubescent, with 9 outer and 10 inner rather stout black-tipped spines on the hind tibiae. Tegmina very long, and obtusely rounded at the extremity, as are also the wings. Wings white (possibly blue or red in life), with a broad black rectangular band running from the middle of the costa nearly to the inner margin, but not extending either to the inner or hind margin ; apex of wing rather broadly black. Lenrjtli 53 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 115 mm. Baluchistan : Quetta. Tijpe in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Subfamily V, BATRACOTETRIGIN^E. Genus EREMOPEZA. I^re77ioj)eza, Saussure, Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxx (1), 18S8, p. 133. J^remoplava, Saussure {nee Stal), Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii (0), 1884, pp. 62, 282. Type, Eremobia cinerascens, Stal, from Persia. Range. Persia, Baluchistan. Very stout aud rugose ; front and vertex not areolated ; scutellum of the vertex rather flat, sliglitly oblique, granulated ; frontal ridge narrow, very narrowly sulcated. Pronotum slightly raised in fr6ut, but hardly ridged, very slightly carinated in the middle, hind border acutely angulated. Abdomen sliglitly carinated at the base. Tegmina rather short, subparallel-sided with the hind margin obliquely rounded ; wings hyaline, with a dusky curved band. Hind femora strongly serrated and granulated ; hind tibiae short ; arolia very small. Key to tlie Species. Pronotum studded with raised yellow granules f/ranulosa, Walk. Pronotum without raised granules brachycera, sp. n. EEEMOPEZA. 159 186, Eremopeza granulosa, Walk. (E(Upoda granulosa, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. v, Suppl., 1871, p. 76. Eremocharis f/raiiulosa, Saussure, Mem. Soc. (leneve, xxx (1), 1888, p. 134. Grey or whitish, with darker markings. Strongly granulated over the pronotum, and to a less extent on the head, especially on the sides, but also on the scutellum of the A^ertex, which slopes down to the frontal ridge, which is formed of three approximating parallel cariuse to the level of the antennae ; back of head cariuated, and bordered on each side by transverse strife. The carina is continued over the pronotnm, but is only slightly raised, and is very finely sulcated through most of its length ; the pronotum shows traces in the female of nvnnerous black spots anil bands on the back and sides ; and the liind lobe is probably blackisli in life. Abdomen slightly carinated at the base, and probably with black transverse bauds. Tegmina rufo-testaceous, with numerous dark blotches in the female. Wings hyaline, more or less yellow towards the base, and with an interrupted brown band beyond the middle. Hind femora pubescent, white inside and grey outside, with a row of large black spots in the female on at least the lower outer area, and probably also on the upper ; hind tibire blue in the male, with S or 9 whitish black-tipped spines. Length 38-50 mm. ; tegmina, 30-35 mm. Baluchi ST AX ; Bombay. The specimens appear to be much discoloured by spirit, so that the description is only provisional. Possiblj"^ they are not sexes of the same species, but distinct. Ti/jie in the British Museum. 187. Eremopeza brachycera, sp. uov. Very similar to the last species, but much less rugose. I'routal costa not granulated ; small raised ridges radiating round the eyes. Pronotum with the front arched, trilobate, the carina continuous, but only slightly px'oraineut, and narrowly sulcated throughout. Antennae hardly longer than the head and Fig. 110. — Eremopeza hrachycera. IGO PYEGOMOEPHIN.^. pronotum, the terminal joint twice as long as the preceding joint, tapering, but rather obtusely pointed. Pronotum rectangular behind, aud fringed with hairs. Tegmina rufo-testaceous, hardly as long as the abdomen, aud rounded at the extremity. Wings subhyaline with brown nervures, yellowish towards the base, followed by a brown band curving round to above the inner margin. Abdomen and legs reddish, clothed with whitish pile; hind femora crenate above, and tuberculate on the outer side ; bind tibisB with 8 or 9 black-tipped spines. Length, 44 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, GO mm. BALUCHiSTAisr : Quetta. Tiipe in the British Museum. Subfamily YI. PYRGOMORPHIN.^. Key to the Geneva. [1 (22) Tegmiua of ordinary elon- gate form. 2 (3) Anterior margin of pro- sternum strongly reflexed and dilated Chrotogonus, Serv., p. 161. 3 (2) Anterior margin of pro- sternum neither reflexed nor dilated. 4 (7) Autennte remote from the eyes, placed in front of the ocelli. •5 (6) Tegmina long and narrow, body moderately slender. Atractomorpha, Sauss., p. ISO. 6 (5) Tegmina rather short and broader; body very robust Tagasta, Bol.,* p. 179. 7 (4) Autennte near the ej'es and inserted below the ocelli. 8 (21) Posterior lobe of pronotum level ; abdomen without callosities ; the sternal lamina margined in front. 9 (14) Outer apical spine of pos- terior tibiaj absent or difficult to detect. 10 (13) Posterior angle of lateral lobes rounded or truncate. 11 (12) Tegmina developed Pyrgomorpha, Serv., p. 174. 12 (11) Tegmina absent Anarchita, Bol.,* p. 178. 13 (10) Posterior angle of lateral lobes rectangular ; pro- notum compressed ; teg- mina short, not reaching to middle of abdomen . . Zarytes, Bol.,* p. 177. * These genera ai'e only known from description. CllKOTOGONL'S. 161 14 (9) Outer apical spine of pos- terior tibite very distinct. 15 (16) Posterior sulcus of pro- imtuni scarcely behind the middle ; body robust ; te^i'miua and wings fully developed _ Pcecilocerus, Serv., p. 170. 1<> (lo) Posterior sulcus of pro- notum placed some dis- tance behind the middle. 17 (18) Tegmina and wings absent. Orthacris, Bol., p. 184. 18 (17) Tegmina abbreviated. U) (20) Tegmina elliptical ovate, about the same length as the pronotum ; body slender Chlorizeina, Brunn.,* p. 174. 20 (19) Tegmina very narrow, linear, longer than the pronotum Colemania, Bol.,* p. 188. 21 (8) Posterior lobe of pronotum convex, raised above the level of the anterior lobes, with strong rugte ; abdo- men with dorsal callosity. Aularches, Stal, p. 108. 22 (1) Tegmina much dilated to- wards the apex, obliquely truncate, more or less leaf-like Trigonopteryx, Charp., p. 189.] Genus CHEOTOGONUS. Chrotof/onus, Serville, Ins. Orth. 1839, p. 702. Type, Ommcxijclia liujuhre, Blauch., from Egypt. Jianffe. Africa, Asia, Australia. Size small, body short and stout. Head snial], narrowed towai'ds the front ; antenna? short, filiform, inserted close too-ether between the eyes. Pronotum more or less rugose, much widened behind ; hind border obtusely angulated or rounded. Teo-niina generally shorter than the abdomen, and nodose; wings often abbreviated. Hind femora moderately stout ; hind tibia? sliohtly thickened towards the extremity, with no terminal sjnne on the upper outer carina; the other terminal spines of nearly equal length. Key to the Sjpecies. 1 (6) Wings well dcA-eloped, longer or scarcely shorter than the tegmina. 2 (3) Tegmina not extending to the apex of the hind femora .... jxdlidtis, Blanch., p. 162. 3 (2) Tegmina extending to apex of hind femora. 4 (5) Pronotum with the posterior angles projecting, very acute . rvbcrtsi, sp. n., p. 164. M 162 I'YRGOMOEPIlIXyE. 5 (4) Pronotum with tlie posterior angles less projecting, slightly ^ ^,,,,,,,,„,^ ^^ ^ ^ ic3. •^•^^"^^ i P breris, BoL, p. 163. 6 (1) Wings distinctly shorter than the tegmina. 7 (10) Wings extending at least to the middle of the hind femora. 8 (9) Tegmina almost covering the abdomen incerfiis, BoL, p. 163. 9 (8) Tegmina sUiorter than the abdomen . . trachyptervs, Blanch., p. 165. 10 (7) Wings very short or wanting. 11 (12) Tegmina aslong as theabdomen. /j2>es in the Paris Museum. J 97. Chrotogonus saussurei, i?o?. Chroiof/oniis smisfiurei, ]3olivar, Ann. Soc. Espaii. xiii, 1884, pp. 39, 47, 494 ; id., Bol. Soc. Espafi. iv, 1904. pp. 93, 104. Chrotviionus oxi/pterus, Bolivar {nee Blanch.), Aim. Soc. Ent. France, Ixv, 1902, p. 605. Ferruginous brown, spotted with red ; wings rudimentai'y. Head pointed, tuberculate, generally orange, with a pule oblique fascia on the front, and with four black spots behind, the outei'- most behind the eyes; fastigium subacute, concave; antennae blackish towards the tips. Pronotum rugose, hind lobe with a few granules, and a short cannula on each side ; hind border obtusely angulated, with pliciform tubercles ; lateral lobes with CHROXOGONUS. 167 black granules, the outer margin pale, the hinder angle acute. Tegmina lanceolate, variable, but in the type extending to the middle of the hind femora, with brown or reddish spots adjoining the numerous small white tubercles on the principal nervures ; wings rudimentary, brown. 1/egs varied with brown, and with grey pubescence ; hind femora sparingly granulated, upper carina compressed ; three black spots above, the middle one obliquely extended ; lower carinae spotted with black. Length 14-22 mm, ; tegmina, 5*8-8 mm. ; hind femur, 7-5- 10 mm. Madeas : Trichinopoly, Bellary. Tyj^es in the collections of Brunner von Watteuwyl and Bolivar. 198. Chrotogonus brachypterus, Bol. Chrotoqonus brachypterus, Bolivar, Ann. See. Ent. France, Ixx, 190l>, p. 605 ; id., Bol. So<;. Espan. iv, 1904, pp. 95, 109. Brown, pale below, spotted with black, wings rudimentary. Vertex about as long as broad, slightly produced before the eyes, and carinated betueen them ; lower part of face with cruciform granulse. Tegmina very short, the nervures only slightly curved, and the tip truncated. Length 15-23 mm. ; tegmina, 11-5 mm. ; hind femur, 8 mm. Madras : Madura. Types in the collections of Pautel and Bolivar. 199. Chrotogonus sordidus, sp. n. Brown, only slightly paler beneath, which renders the black spots inconspicuous. Scutellum of the vertex angulated in front, frontal ridge narrow between the antennse, the median carinie slightly diverging on the lower part of the face, and the latei-al carina} well marked ; head finely grauulose. I'ront of pronotum transversely ridged, otherwise with large longitudinal and trans- verse mostly oblong wrinkles, the hind border slightly rounded, the deflexed lobes almost rectangular behind. Tegmina lighter brown than the body, nearly as long as the hind femora, but much shorter than the abdomen, narrow, linear, with a central row of large black tubercles marked with white dots within, and numei'ous smaller black dots and specks on the lougitud'nal nervures. Wings black, narrow, less than half as long as the tegmina. Legs rather short, four front femora rather stout, hind femora but slightly thickened. Length 22 mm, ; tegmina, 13 mm. Bombay. The specimen is probably discoloured ; and but for the com- paratively stout legs, 1 should have I'eferred it, with doubt, to C. ox)jpterus, Blanch, Type in the British Museum. 168 PYEGOMORPHIN-15. Genus AULARCHES. AularcJies, StSl, Q^fv. Vet.-Akad. Forli. xxx (4), 1873, p. ol. Type, Gryllus (Locusta) vnlutris, L. Range. Indian Eegion. Size large, body atout, pronotum tuberculate, wings large, coloured. Head large, smooth ; scutellum of the vertex very shoi't, triangular, contracting uninterruptedly into a narrow sulcated frontal ridge ceasing below the antennae ; lateral carina? very distinct, running within the eyes, and slightly divergent to the extremity of the clypeus, which is broad and truncated. Antenna) rather long, placed between the eyes, and composed of a number of long joints. Pronotum strongly tuberculate above, with two large contiguous humps in front, cut by the three sulci, the last sulcus placed about the middle, the hinder area rugose and deeply pitted at the sides ; deiiexed lobes rounded behind. Tegmina long, moderately broad, subparallel- sided, obtusely rounded behind, Avith callous spots ; wings membranous, opaque, as long as the tegmina, and moderately broad. Abdomen slightly compressed, legs long and slender. Hind femora unarmed, and only slightly thickened. The forms below are regarded by some authors as varieties of one species. Kc'il to the Species. 1 (2) Head pale miliaris, L., p. 168. 2 (1) Head black. 3 (4:) Front humps of pronotum black .... ininctatuSjDvwvy, •[).\(S{). 4 (3) Front humps of pronotum yellow scahiosa', F., p. 170. 200. Aularches miliaris, L. Gryllus {Locusta) miliaris, Linnaeus, Syst. jVat. (ed. x.) i, 1758, p. 432 ; Linnieus, Mus. Lud. Ulric. 1764, p. 142. Acrydiwn verriicosiim, DeGeer, Mt5m. Ins. iii, 1773, p. 486, pi. xl, tig. 6. Grylhis {Locusta) scahiusus, StoU {iu'c Fabr.), Spectres, Saut. I8l3, p. 18, pi. 76, tig. 24. Gryllus {Locusta) co)ispcrcus, Stoll, op. cit. 1813, p. 40, pi. 22(), tig. ^5. Aulurclics miliaris, Stal, Recens. Orth. i, 1873, p. 18. Head yellowish, or more or less mottled with brown above ; pronotum yellow on the sides, generallj^ with at least the spines and hinder area black. Frontal lobe with two large rounded contiguous elevations in front, black, or rarely pale ; the space between the sulci with several strong pointed conical tubercles on each side ; the hinder lobe very rugose, deeply pitted, and rounded behind, with a row of short spines on the margin, not close together. Tegmina light brown, very thickly reticulated with yello\\' nervures, and a\ ith a variable number of large and small AL'LABCHiiS. 169 callous yellow spots ; wiugs purplish browu, darkest towards the base. Legs yellowish, slightly mottled with darker or veined with black ; hiud knees marked with black on the sides. Abdomen black, with narrow yellox'i- incisions, and a row of yellow spots on the back before the incisions, and the apex yellow ; on the under surface the transverse bands are small, but there are no yellow spots in addition. Lenr/tJi 35-52 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 68-100 mm. JNepal; Sikkim ; Madras: Coonoor ; Ceylon; Java. 201. Aularches punctatus, Dmry. Grijllui^ (Lociista) 2M?Ktatiis, Druiy, 111. Exot. Ent. ii, 1773, pi. xli, fig. 4. I3ody almost entirely sliining black above ; a broad yellow band running across the face below the antennae and across the sides of Fig. 112. — Aularclics punctatus. the pronotum; abdomen more or j less banded with yellow or reddish, at leas'c towards the extremity and on the sides, and the sternum [aud abdomen beneath mostly red ; abdomen and legs 170 PYEGOMOEPHIN;?:. black, hind femora sometimes yellowish ; tegaiiua light brown or olive-brown, thickly reticulated with yellow, with numerous yellow callous spots ; wings purplish brown, subhyaline, darkest towards the base. Tubercles of pronotuin less prominent than in A. miliaria. Length 42-60 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 64-110 mm. Tibet ; Kashmik ; Xepal ; United Proyixces : Gai'hwal ; Malay States ; Jaya. The immature insect has short yellow wings. 202. Aularches scahiosae, F. Gryllus scabiosce, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii, 1793, p. 51. Shining black, with a broad yellow band across the head and sides of tlie prouotum, as in the last species. Pronotum with the front, including the large rounded tubercles, yellow, and the hind border, which is not very strongly deutated, also yellow. Abdomen broadly banded with red both above and below, except some- times on the basal half above. Tegmina brown or greenish, with numerous yellow callous spots. Wings purplish brown, sub- hyaline towards the extremity ; sometimes Avith a few indistinct yellow spots. Length 44-60 mm. ; expanse of teguiina, 80-100 mm. Bengal : Orissa ; Bombay ; Ceylon ; Cambodia. Genus P(ECILOCERUS. Pakilocenis, Serville, Ami. Sci. Nat. xxii, 1831, p. 27.5; id., lus. Orth. 1839, p. 595. Pivcilocerus, Stal, CEi\. Vet.-Akad. Furh. xxx (4), 1873, p. 51. Type, Grglhis pictus, P. Range. Indian Region, Western Asia, jN'orth and East Africa. Size large ; body stout, subfusiform ; wings opaque, coloured. Head and pronotum very slightly carinated, fastigium of the vertex convex, obtusely rounded in front, and distinctly sulcated, passing into the frontal ridge, which is sulcated throughout ; lateral carinae only slightly divergent ; antenna? short and thick, with long joints. Pronotum gradually widened behind, the sulci well marked, the hind sulcus placed about the middle, the hinder lobe raised, and rounded behiud ; deflexed lobes narrowed below. Abdomen slightly carinated above. Tegmina and wings coloured, about as long as the abdomen. Legs rather stout, the four front tibiae spined beneath at the extremity ; hind femora slender, nearly as long as the abdomen, unarmed ; hind tibiae spined above, with nearly equal terminal spines above and below. PCECILOCERLS. Ke)j to the Species. 171 1 (2) Abdomeu with red spots tesseUatus, BoL, p. 171. 2 (1) Abdomen with no red spnts. 3 (6) Antennae not red at the b-ise. 4 (6) Antennte riuoed with black and yellow, pictus, F., p. 172. 5 (4) Antennfe green punctiventris,^e\\.,-^.l1^. (j (3) Antennae red at base ornatus, Burm., p. 173. 203. Pcecilocerus tessellatus, Bol. Pacilocerus tessellatus, Bolivar/ Bol. See. Espah. Hist. Nat. iv, 1904, pp. 432, 433. Violet-brown, thickly tessellated with yellow ; autenuae yellow, ringed with blue-black ; head, pronotuni, and abdomen regularly tessellated with small yellow callosities. Head above with an oblique yellow band on each side, and below the eyes a yellow band running through the lower border or the prouotum ; fastigium transverse. Prouotum not constricted, subcylindrical, expanded behind, the sulci not strongly marked, and the hinder sulcus placed scarcely behind the middle ; the metazona slightly carinated in the middle, and very narrowly bordered with yellow behind. Legs striped with blue-black. Length ($ nymph), 44 mm. ; prouotum, 21-5 mm. ; hind femur, 20 mm. Madras: Bellary. Type in the Paris Museum. [The immature specimen upon which the following description is based, was treated by the author as a new species, bub as it is probable that the insect is only the nymph of P. picttis, it seems undesirable to propose a new name for it.] 204. Pcecilocerus sp. Blue-black, thickly tessellated with yellow, and spotted with red; antenna; ringed with black and yellow, narrowly towards the base, and broadly beyond ; head, prouotum, and abdomen regularly tessellated with" small yellow callosities. Head and prouotum with a very line median carina ; head with a diverging yellow band within' each eye, extending; to the front of the pronotum, and another below the eye extending over the lo^^■er border of the pronotum to the middle coxte ; fastigium broader than long. Pronotum gradually widened but not raised behind, with the sulci only slightly marked, with three red spots on each side arranged in a triangle, one between the two hinder sulci, and two on the hinder lobe ; there is also a trace of another on each side behind the upper yellow band of the head. Abdomeu 172 PYRGOMORPHIN^. slightly carinated, Muth three rows of red spots, one on the carina, and the others lateral. Legs yellow, tessellated above and on the sides with blackish, hind femora also with black spots on the inside ; hind tibise yellow, with black spines placed on black spots, Lencith (nymph), 3S mm. North India. 205. Poecilocerus pictus, F. Grylliis pidus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 289. Pa'kilocerus soniuratii, Serville, Ann. Sci. Nat. xxxii, 1831, p. 276. Blue-black or greenish, with yellow markings and red wings. Antennae blue-black, ringed with yellow beyond the basal third of Fig. 113. — PaciUcenis pidus. their length. Head and pronotum with a slight median carina ; head with a broad yellow band within each eye, running back on the pronotum to the middle sulcus, behind \\hich are two broad P(ECIL0CE11US. 1 73 subinterrupted transverse yellow bands ; the upper part of the frontal ridge is also yellow, and there are broad yellow diverging bands on each side of it ; also a broad yellow band below each eye, extending over the lower part of the deflexed lobes of the pro- notum. Pronotum impress-punctate, rounded behind, the hind sulcus placed just behind the middle. Tegmina green or olive, with the longitudinal and transverse nervures yellow, and the apex often reddisli ; wings brick-red. with red nervures, more or less subhyaline towards the tip. Abdomen yellow, with trans- verse blue-black bands. Legs yellow, the femora longitudinally striped with blue-black, and blue-black on the inner side nearly to the extremity ; the four front tibiae blotched with blue-black. Length 43-61 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 68-100 mm. Baluchista:^^ : Qiietta ; Sixd : Karachi ; Madras, etc. The specimen from Madras is very large and dark-coloured, but L cannot find any satisfactory character to separate it as a distinct species. 206. Pcecilocerus punctiventris, Sew. Fiekilocerus punctiventris, Serville, Ins. Orth. 1839, p. 601. Green, rather shining. Head smooth, with a yellow baud beneath each eye, extending over the lower border of the deflexed lobes of the pi'onotum ; scutellum of the vertex short, depressed, bordered with a yellow line extending obliquely backwards on the vertex ; face with three yellow spots on each side, the faint carinse slightly marked ; scape of antennie with a yellow spot beneath. Pronotum strongly granulated, with four spots placed in a square in front, and six others, of which the middle ones are the smallest, curving round the hind border. Pectus with four irregular spots in the middle, and three more on each side. Tegmina rather longer than the abdomen, opaque, green, thickly mottled with yellow ; not distinctly expanded on the costa. Wings nearly as long as the tegmina, hyaline, stained with vermilion to beyond the middle, the apex clear, with brown nervures. Abdomen spotted with yellow on the carina above, and on the median line below, as well as on the sides. Legs green, front femora with two yellow spots, four front tibiae spiny below towards the tips, and with three yellow spots above ; hind femora with a row of yellow spots on the outer margin above and below ; middle coxjb spotted with yellow. Lenr/th 38-40 mm. Bombay: Egypt. Ti/pe in the Paris Museum. 207. Pcecilocerus (?) oniatus, Bumi. Poecilocera ornata, Burnieister, Ilandb. Ent. ii, 1838, p. 6i'4. Front of the head raised and pointed ; eyes very prominent ; antennae ringed with black and yellow, with the base red ; body 174 P^EGOMORPHINiE. black, spotted with yellow ; prouotum saddle-shaped, with the hind margin humped ; black, spotted with yellow, as also the abdomen, and. everj'where coarsely punctured and granulated; tegmina green : legs red, femora yellowish above. Length 20 mm. IXDIA(?). Genus CHLORIZEINA. Chlorizeina, BiuDner, Anu. Mu3. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893, p. 130. Ti'PE, Chlorizeina unicolov, Brunn. Range. Burma. Smooth, slender, subapterous. Tastigium of the vertex rather longer than the eye, sulcated ; front very oblique, not sinuated. Antennae filiform, half as long again as the head and pronotum together. Pronotum cylindrical, rounded behind, finely punc- tured, the sulci shghtly marked, the hind sulcus placed beyond the middle. Tegmina and wings rudimentary. Metasternal lobes contiguous in the male, and slightly separated in the female. Hind femora slender, the genicular lobes slightlj^ pointed ; hind tibiae hairy, with six or seven spines on the outer carina, besides the apical one. Anal segment of the male triangularly emarginate ; supra-anal lamina pointed ; tarsi in the male very slender, compressed, curved, and obtuse at the extremity ; subgenital lamina of the male slightly compi'essed and hooked. 20S. Chlovizeiiia imicolor, Brunn. Chlorizeina nnicolor, Brunner, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893 p. 181, pi. V, tig. 51. Uniform pale green. Tegmina in the male sometimes pointed, hardly extending beyond the third segment of the abdomen, and sometimes obtuse, extending to the eighth segment : iu the female shorter than the third segment. Wings very short, hyaline. Hind femora beneath suffused with red, the genicular lobes partly black ; hind tibise dull blue, tipped with black. Length 27-32 mm. ; pronotum, 6-2-6-8 mm. ; tegmina, 7'5- 11-5 mm.; hind femur, 15-15-5 mm. Burma : Palon, Bbamo. Ty2:>es in the Genoa Museum. Genus PYRGOMORPHA. Pyrgomorpha, Serville, Ins. Orth. 1839, p. 583. TlPE, Acridium conicum, Oliv. Range. Cosmopolitan. Size small, body slender, more or less granulated. Head conical, fastigium of the vertex projecting considerably before the eyes ; PYRGOMORniA. 175 antennae inserted bet\\eeii and close to the eyes, short, narrowly ensiform. Pronotum rounded behind, carinated more or less con- tinuously. Tegniina long and narrow, or abbreviated, more or less pointed at the extremity ; wings hyaline, or red at the base. Metasternal foveolse separated by a transverse space; abdomen compressed, generally with transverse dark band. Legs long and slender. Key to the Siyecies. 1 (2) Lateral carinpe of prouotum obsolete . brachycera, s-^. ^.,^.17^^. 2 (1) Lateral carinas of pronotum well- marked. 3 (4) Tegniina not reaching apex of abdo- men in 2 hispitwsa, AValk., p. 176. 4 (3) Tegniina extending- beyond apex of abdomen in 2 conica, Oliv., p. 17o. 209. Pyrgomorplia conica, OJiv. Acrydiiim conicmn, Olivier, Encycl. Meth., Tus. vi, 1791, p. 230. Truvalis yryiloides, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. xii, 1804, p. 148. Truxalis rosea., Cliarpeutier, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. 1825, p. 128, pi. iii, fig. 8. Truxalis linearis, Charpentier, op. cit. 1825, p. 129, pi, iii, fig. 2. Truxalis rhodoptila, Herrich-Schaffer, Panzer, Faun. Ins. Germ. clvii, 1838, pi. 16. Opomala cinyulata, Walker, Cat. Derm, Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, p. 517. Grey or green, sometimes with a whitish line running below the eyes, and bordering the deHexed lobes beneath. Eastigium of the vertex longer than broad ; antennae stout, blackish, not longer than the head and pronotum together ; median carina distinct from the fastigium over the head and pronotum ; lateral cariuse generally incomplete. Surface of pronotum iinely granu- lose, hind border rounded, hind sulcus placed much behind the middle. Tegmina green or grey ; wings hyaline, generally pink towards the base and along the nervures. Hind tibia? above with no outer apical spine. Metasternal lobes distant in the female ; in the male produced behind the foveolaj, and contiguous ; abdomen spotted with black above. Length 15-24 mm, ; pronotum, 3-5 mm. ; tegmina, 13- 22 mm. S. Europe ; IN". & W. Africa ; W. Asia. 210. Pyrgomorpha brachycera, sp. nov Testaceous, evidently green during life. Eastigium of the vertex as long as the eye, equally broad nearly to tho extremity, 176 PYRGOMOEPHIN^E. where it is very obtusely rounded; front long, hai^lly sinuated, vertex and pronotum with a well-marked median carina, the lateral carinse obsolete ; antennae shorter than the head and pro- notum together, stout, pointed at the tip, and nuich broadened and flattened at the base above ; a row of large granules runs behind each eye to the back of the head, above which (but not contiguous) is a trace of a pale Hue, and the deflexed lobes are very narrowly edged witli pale below. Teg- mina testaceous (green in life ?), rather long, narrow, and pointed ; wings shorter than the tegmina, red, with the costa and hind margin hyaline. Abdomen with black spots above towards the base. Legs long and slender. Length 21 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 38 mm. Benga^l. Type in the British Museum. Fig. 114. — Pyrgo- morjjha brachycera. -ill. Pyrgomorpha hispiiiosa, Wall:. Fyryomorpha bispinosa, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, p. 499. Pyn/omorpha iniUca, Bolivar, Aun. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p! 66. Grreeu, or grey, often varied with brown. IVout sinuated, very oblique ; head finely granulose, with a pale oblique line behind the eyes ; vertex narrow, oblong, obtusely rounded in front. Pronotum sparingly granulose ; carinse before the middle distinct, inflexed, replaced behind by rows of granules, median carina con- tinuous ; deflexed lobes with the lower margin bisinuate, with a broad pale border, granulose, with the hinder angle obliquely truncated, and near it a spine. Tegmina extending to the tip of the hind femora, obtuse at the extremity ; wings rather shorter, with the inner part of the disk rosy. Legs varied with brown, hind femora usually with two obsolete brown bands, and the inner surface more or less brown ; hind tibiae grey or green. Abdomen brown on the back. Lengtli 15-21 mm.; tegmina, 11-15 mm. MADE.iS: Madui-a, Ivodaikanal. Type of hispinosa in the British Museum ; type of indica in the collections of Pantel and Bolivar. 17 Genus ZARYTES. Zarytes, Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. iv, 1904, p. 456 ; id.. Gen. Ins., Orth. Acrid. Pyrg. 1909, pp. 27, 32. Type, Pyrciomorpha squalina, Bol. Mange, India. Long and slender, wings rudimentary. Head conical ; fastigium of the A'ertex slightly contracted, rounded in front, not longer than the eye, and carinated above ; front very oblique, frontal ridge compressed between the antennae, and sulcated ; sides of face with an oblique row of granules. Antennae rather long and thick, triquetral at the base, brown, inserted between the eyes, which are oblong. Pronotum somewhat compressed, slightly emarginate dorsal !y in front, rounded behind; tricarinate, with tlie lateral carina; distinctly arched before the middle, the typical sulcus placed behind the middle ; deflexed lobes scarcely higher behind, traversed within by an oblique branch from the carinae of the metazona ; the lower margin straight, entire, rectangular behind, the hind border somewhat excised. Tegmina lanceolate, only slightly longer than the intermediate femora, ovei'lapping on the inner edge ; wiugs very short. Prosternum slightly tumid in front ; metasternum with a trapezoidal space between ihe lobes, not twice as broad as the lobes. Legs compressed, front femora of male slightly thickened, hiiid tibite with no outer terminal spine. Abdomen compressed, obtusely carinated above valves of the ovipositor sinuated. 212. Zarytes squalina, BoL Pi/r(/omorpJu( squalina, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Espan. xiii, 1884, pp. 422, "423, 495 ; id., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 606. Eeddish, green, or light brown, with rudimentary wings. Front oblique, bisinuate ; fastigium prominent, with the median carina continuous ; antenna) ensiform or triquetral at the base, cylindrical beyond, inserted scarcely before the eyes, and black or reddish ; head with one row of tubercles behind each eye. Pronotum sub- cylindrical, with the lateral carinse almost parallel : the lateral lobes rugose, hardly sinviated, but rectangular behind, the lower margin narrowly sinuated ; yellow, or with a black (or in the green specimens, reddish) lateral band on the sides of the pronotum, passing over the coxae and the lower half of the hind femora ; the outer or lower half of the lateral lobes, as well as the meso- and meta-thoracic pleurae are pale. Tegmina narrow, lanceolate, hardly extending to the middle of the abdomen. Prosternum angulated in the middle. Hind femora slender; hind tibiae with no outer terminal spine. Leufitli 18-30 mm.; tegmina, 4-o-7'5 mm.; hind femur, 8"5- 11 mm. Maukas : Madura. 178 PYRGOMOJRPHIN^. Genus ANARCHITA. Anarchita, Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Espail. Hist. Nat. iv, 1904, p. 459; id., Gen. Ins., Ortli. Acrid. Pyrg. 1909, pp. 27, 33. Type, Pyrfjomorpha aj)tera, Bol. Range. S. India. Slender, subfnsiform, apterous. Head conical, longer than the pronounn, horizontally produced ; fastigium horizontal, as long as the eye, terapora separated in front only b}^ a short suture ; front very oblique, bisinuate, costal ridge finely sulcated, but much compressed and entire between the anteunse. Antennse short, filiform, triquetral, but not dilated at the base, and inserted between the eyes ; basal joints 3-6 subquadrate and subdilated in the male, in the female subtraiisverse and slightly expanded. Eyes oblong ; cheeks with one oblique row of granules. Pro- notum short, sinuated before and behind, the median carina slightly indicated, and interrupted by the principal sulcus much beyond the middle, the intermediate sulcus interrupted and curved forwards ; the lateral carinte of the prozona parallel, and slightly curved inwards, those of the metazona diverging in front, and obliquely traversing the lateral lobes ; deflexed lobes slightly expanded behind, the lower margin bisinuate, the hinder angle obtuse. Legs very short ; four front femora ridged, the intermediate ones scarcely extending to the base of the hind femora; the hind femora shorter than the abdomen, ^ith the externo-median area ridged, and the lower outer area slightly expanded ; hind tibiae with rounded spines, and no outer terminal spine ; tarsi very short. Prosternum tumid in front ; mesosternal lobes separated by a curved trapezoidal space, broader behind; metasternal foveolae separated by a transverse space. Abdomen longitudinally striated ; valves of the ovipositor sinuated. 213. Anarchita aptera, Bol. FyrqomorpJia aptera, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p". 607. Gj-reen or grey, granulate-punctate. Pront oblique, head pointed, with an oblique line of pale granules behind each eye ; fastigium carinulatod above, roundly truncate in front. Antennae reddish, brown towards the tip. Pronotum slightly granulose above, sinuated in the middle behind, with the hinder lobe very short, the lateral carinae of the prozona rather indistinct, inflexed in the middle, those of the metazona very oblique, often red ; the deflexed lobes granulated, pale externally, sinuated, the hinder angle obtuse, excavated. Tegmina and wings absent. Prosternum with the front margin very slightly reflexed, and indistinctly angulated in the middle. Legs concolorous. Abdomen multi- AifARClIlTA. lAGASTA. 179 ■carinate longitudinally above in the female, with the hind borders ■of the segments smooth. Lemjili 16-23 mm, ; hind femur, (5-5-8o mm. Madras: Madura. T^ypes in the collections of Pantel and Bolivar, Genus TAGASTA. Tayasta, Bohvar, Bol. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. v, 1005, p. 11l>. Mestrn, Stfd {nee Iliibner), ip(!i in the collections of Pantel and Bolivar. 188 PYRGOMOBPHITSr^. 227. Orthacris simiilans, Bol. Qrtliacris siimdans, J5olivar, Auu. Soc. ICnt. J'rance, Ixx, 1U02, pp. 608, 611. Closely allied to the last species, but witli a large abdominal tympanum. The male has the side ot" the head and thorax and the lateral lobes of the pronotum dull reddish, and there are a few white tubercles on the head. The last segment of the abdo- men in the male is deeply sinuated, with the two lobes turning outwards, the supra-anal lamina carinated in the middle, and the cerci incurved at the tip. Length 19-26 mm. Mauuas: Madura. Types in the collections of Pantel and Bolivar. Genus COLEMANIA. Colemania, Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Espau. Hist. Xat. x, 1910, p. 319. Ti'PB, Colemania sphenarioicles, Bol. Bani/e. India. Body long, subcylindrical, fusiform in the male, and inflated in the middle. Fastigium of the vertex produced beyond the frontal ridge, longer than the eye, front sloping, slightly sinuated ; an- tenna 19-jointed, tapering from the third joint to the tip ; frontal ridge sulcated, compressed at the base, obsolete before the mouth, lateral carinte slightly diverging, geua^ with a slightly marked I'ovv of granules ; eyes small, longer than broad, truncated behind ; ocelli visible, the middle one between the eyes, and the lateral ocelli placed before the eyes. Pronotum conical in the male, cylindrical in the female, the two anterior sulci obliterated, the last continuous and placed much beyond the middle ; the lateral lobes long, with the margins entire, the front margin obhque, the lower one straight, indistinctly sinuated behind. Tegmina very narrow, longer than the pronotum ; wings obsolete. Prosteruum acutely spined ; uiesosternal lobes long, in the male truncated and contiguous behind, in the female expanded in front and rounded behind ; metasternal foveolse nearer together in the male than in the female. Legs short, front femora thickened in the male; hind femora slender, with the outer area narrow, Avith rather in- distinct pinnate rugae, the genicidar lobes angulately produced ; hind tibia) slender, the apical third expanded, and smooth above, with ]iine outer and eleven inner spines, and apical spines on both sides ; hind tarsi slender, the first joint twice as long as the second. Abdomen cylindrical, sub-clavate at the tip ; last dorsal segment of the male transverse, trisinuated behind, su])ra-anal lamina forming a long triangle, longer than the cerci, sulcated and pointed ; in the female nearly equilateral ; cerci short, curved, subulate at the tips in the male, short and straight in the female ; subgenital lamina compressed, subcarinate behind ; valves of the ovipositor short, sinuate. COLEMANIA. — TRIGONOPTEKYX. 189 228. Colemania sphenarioides. Colemaiiia sphenarioides, Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat. x, 1910, p. 3l>0; Coleman, J. Bombay Soc. xx, 1911, p. 879; PI. Maxwell Lefroy, J. Bombay Soc. xix, 1910, p. 1007. Straw-coloured or luteous. Head with a broad red and blue band running behind the eyes to the front of the pronotum, front red and blue, vertex witli tliree blue lines, one median, the others lateral ; antennae bine-black, with a pale streak below and the basal segments pale. Pronotum reddish in the middle above, bordered by yellow bands edged within with black lines ; the deflexed lobes banded N^itb black, red and yellow ; the meso- and nieta-iiotum much smaller in the male. Tegmina extending to the end of the first segments of the abdomen, reddish, with pale nervures. Legs pale, bind femora and cerci striped with yello\v ; hind tibise reddish, often pale at the base, spines tipped with black. Abdomen pale above, the sides banded with brown and grey, the lirst segment furnished with a tyni])anum. Length 31-40 mm. Madras : Mysore, Madras, Bellary. This species has recently been recorded as very destructive to cholam {Andropogon sorghum) in various parts of India. Genus TRIGONOPTERYX. I'riffonopteri/.v, Charpentier, Orthopt. 1811, pi. v. Type, Trigonoptery.v jmnctata, Charp. Eange. Oriental Region. Body long, much compressed. Head conical, compressed in front, vertex ascending, fastigium sinuated on the sides, and angulated in front, tempora narrou', separated b}' a very narrow suture ; front oblique, sinuated, the frontal ridge between the antenna? and the tip of the antennae raised, the margins separated, forming a pyriform foveola, obsolete before the ocelli; antennse rather long, triquetral, ensiform, externally dentated, inserted near the eyes, the apical joint pubescent ; eyes oblong, slightly sinuated, no lateral facial carinse. Pronotum compressed, back narrow, parallel-sided, I'ounded and slightly sinuated in front, behind obtusely angulated, but not produced ; the typical sulcus indistinct, placed rather beyond the middle ; the deflexed lobes perpendicular, but with obtuse carina*, trapezoidal, considerably raised behind, with the inner margin straight, the hinder margin somewhat sinuated, and the hinder angle acute. Tegmina long, extending nuicli beyond the hind femora, the anal area narrow, the front area sinuated before the extremity, the anal riervure straight. Legs compressed; front femora short, the intermediate femora passing the extremity of the coxse, the hind femora com- pressed, with the externo-median area well developed; hind tibia) slender, \\ ith an outer apical spine ; tarsi very short. Prosternum 190 PAMrHAGlN,!:. with a short rounded tooth in the middle, sternal lamina very long, in front obtusely angulated ; the mesosternal lobes broadly rounded on the inner side, with tlie intervening space much narrower. Supra-anal lamina in the female long, triangular, sulcated ; cerci conical, very short; valves of the ovipositor •compressed, sinuated. 229. Trigonopteryx punctata, Clmrp. TrigoHoptenjx pwictata, Charpentier, Orthopt. 1841, pi. v. Grey, I'ugose. Head produced, obtuse at the tip ; antennae short, ensiform ; labrum with a large brown spot in the fore border. Tegmina greyish brown, varied with darker blotches and ^pots, nearly triangular, with the tip pointed, and the hind margin curving beneath, but not greatly. Abdomen and legs pale vellow, the latter with black dots. LengOi 30 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 50 mm. Ceylon ; Java. Subfamily VII. PAMPHAGIN^. Genus ASPIDOPHYMA. Aspidophyma, Bolivar, Ann. 8oc. Espail. xiii, 1884, pp. 20, 491. Type, AsjndopJtyma ainericana, Bol. Ranrje. Ceylon, Ecuador. Head above nearly triangular ; fastigium depressed, horizontal, •rather longer than broad ; front very slightly sinuated, with the frontal ridge sulcated ; antennae filiform or subensiform, inserted between the eyes. Pronotum truncated in front, truncated or broadly situated behind, tricarinated above, with the lateral carinje diverging behind, the hinder sulcus placed beyond the middle. Prosternum with a slender conical tubercle, sternal lamina mar- gined in front. Tegmina very sliort or a\ anting. Hind femora broad at the base, with rather irregular coarse pinniform strife ; tibiae cylindrical, with strong conical spines. Upper valves sinuated, witli dentated margins, and the lower ones sinuated before the tips. 230. Aspidophyma indica, Bol. Aspidophyma indica, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Espau. xiii, 1884, pp. 491, 498. Ochreous-brovvu, rugose-punctate, with grey hair beneath and on the legs. Antennae shorter than the head, subensiform, depressed. Pronotum subtruncated behind, with tlie transverse sulci slightly marked. Tegmina lobiform, lateral, rounded, impress-punctate, extending to the hind border of the first abdo- minal segment. Legs with scattered black spots, hind femora with CATANTOPIX.i:. 191 granulated carince, the spines with dark reddish tips. The valves of the ovipositor very short. Lemjth 17 mm. ; antenna?, 4 mm. ; tegmina, '2 mm. Ceylon. Type in the collection of Brunuer von AVattenwyl. Suhfamilv VIII. CATANTOPIN.^. Keij to the Genera. [1 (26) Posterior tibine with iUi ex- ternal apical spiue. 2 (25) Tegmina present. 3 (24) Tegmina and wings fully de- veloped. 4 (.5) Head short and very broad, the face broader than long .... 5 (4) Head not remarkably broad. 6 (15) Mesosternal lobes meeting in a straight line. 7 (12) Antennae between the eyes or scarcely in front of them. 8 (11) Antennae filiform. 9 (10) Posterior femora reacliing apex of abdomen ; posterior tibiae with about 15 moderately strong spines on outer edge . 10 (9) Posterior femora much shorter than abdomen ; posterior tihife with about 20 small spines on outer edge ; thorax with white lateral stripe . . 11 (8) Antennae ensiform 12 (7) Antennaj remote from the eves. 13 (14) 1 astigium with a distinct carina 14 (13) Fastigium without carina .... 15 (6) Mesosternal lobes more or less separated. IG (17) Tegminawith a patch of densely placed transverse nervures at the parting of the radial veins 17 (16) Tegmina without a patch of nervures. 18 (23) Prosternal tubercle cylindrical, somewhat acuminate at apex ; external apical spine of pos- terior tibiae quite distinct. EUTHYMIA, Stal, p. 196. OXYRRHEPES, Slal, p. 209. Lkptacris, Walk., p. 210. ISCHNACRIDA, Stal * p. 212. Xenippa, Stal, p. 215. PsEXJDOCARSULA, Bruun., [p. 214 Spathosternum, Kar.sch, [p. 207 * Ischnacrida farscdis, Walker, lias the mesosternal lobes contiguous in the middle only.sligbtly diverging posteriorly ; the prosternal tubercle is enlarged iit tiie apex and slightly concave. 192 catantopin-.t:. 19 (22) Lateral carina of head sliglith- sinuous or nearly straight from the base of mandibles to ocelli. 20 (21) Posterior tibioe -with the outer ridge that bears the spines somewhat flattened and ex- panded towards the apex ; with seven spines besides the apical one ; frontal carina narrowed at vertex Oxya, Serv., p. 198. 21 (20) Posterior tibi;e with outer ridge not expanded ; with eight spines besides the apical one. Caryaxda, Stal, p. 201. 22 (19) Lateral carin;e of head suddenly bent at an angle at the base of the antennpe; frontal carina parallel-sided IIieroglyphus, Krauss,* 23 (IS) Prosternal tubercle truncate at [p. 201. apex ; external apical spine of posterior tibiae very small and difficidt to detect Eacilia, Stal, p. 205. 24 (3) Tegmina imperfectly developed, elongate ovate, punctured ; without wings ; antenufe rather short, with transverse joints Cercina, Stal,t p. 20G, 25 (2) Tegmina and wings absent ; in- sect elongate, subcylindrical ; head short and wide Tarbaleus, Brunn., p. 200. 2G (1) Posterior tibiae without external spine at the apex. 27 (34) Fastigium separated by a dis- tinct angle or ridge from the frontal carina. 28 (31) Wings fully developed. 29 (30) Fastigium a little longer than broad ; antennae narrowly ensiform ; tegmina somewhat acute at apex ; posterior femora reaching apex of abdomen Gelastorrhinus, Brunn. 30 (29) " Piostrum in front of the eyes [p. 216. longer than the pronotum ; antennae broadly ensiform towards the base, tapering whip-lilce towards the tips " (Kirby) Lefroyia, gen. n., p. 219. 31 (28) Wings absent. * H. bettoni and H. bilincatv.s sometimes have the tegmina and wings more or less short. t The genus Cadetria appears from description to differ from Cercina in having the hind margin of the pronotum angular, and the radial vein of the tegmina costiform. catantopik-t:. 193 32 (33) Tegmiua reduced to a .sbort narrow strip Mrsambhia, StfJ, p. 220. 33 (32) Teginin a absent; antennaljoiuts elongate Wacata, gen. n., p. 219. 34 (27) Fastigiiini deflexed or hori- zontal, gradually blending with the frontal carina. 35 (70) Pronotum with no lateral carin.'B. 30 (41) 3Iesosternal lobes slightly con- verging posteriorly with the inner angle acute. ( Large species.) 37 (40) I'rothorax gradually narrowed anteriorly. 38 (39) Wings generally Avitli dark [p. 224. spots at apex Orthacanthacris, Karsch, 39 (38) Wings without dark spots .... Cyrtacanthacris, Walk., 40 (37) Pro thorax rather short and [p. 230, strongly constricted in the middle Schistocecra, Stfil, p. 232, 41 (3(5) Mesosternal lobes not con- verging, angles rounded. 42 (67) Prosterual tubercle acuminate. 43 (48) Thorax with a crest. 44 (47) Crest simple. 40 (40) Crest very high and com- pressed ; tegmina extending slightly beyond apex of ab- domen ; hind femora with the carinffi serrate Teratodes, Brulle, p. 234. 40 (45) Crest less high : tegmina short, ovate ; wings rudimentary. . Pelecinotus, BoL, p. 233. 47 (44) Crest viewed sideways divided into four unequal lobes ; [p. 236. apterous, rugose Alectorolophus, Bruun., 48 (4?)) Thorax without crest. 49 (.'32) Upper part of frontal costa arched forwards and pro- jecting over the lower part of the face. ."JO (51) Thorax subparallel-sided, flat- tened dorsallj', with median carina scarcely visible except at base ; base with small ob- tuse lobe in the middle ; teg- mina scarcely reaching apex of abdomen ". Bibracte, Stfil, p. 235. •')] (oO) Thorax scarcely narrowed in front, flattened dorsally, the median carina visible for whole length ; base angular ; tegmina extending slightly beyond abdomen ; eyes ]n'()minent Traulia, Stftl, p. 244. 52 (49) rp])fr part of frontal carina not ])rojecting ; face vortical. O 194 CATANTOPIN.i:. 63 (56) Vertex between the eyes wider than the frontal costa. 54 (55) Tliorax slightly tectiforui, as- perate ; frontal costa scarcely reaching the clypeus ; teg- mina generally with a black spot Gerenia, Stal, p. 243. 55 (64) Thorax flattened dorsally, giving the appearance of lateral carinee ; eyes promi- nent ; base of thorax scarcely angnlar, with a small central notch jSavasia, gen. n., p. 255. 56 (53j Vertex not wider than frontal costa. 57 (66) Dorsal carina of pronotnm cut by three grooves. 68 (69) Antennre nearly three times as loug as the head and thorax together ; eyes rather promi- nent ; thorax narrow, sub- paiallel -sided, the base acutely angular Apalacuis, Walk., p. 237. 59 (58) Antennae less than twice the length of the head and thorax together. 60 (61) Base of pronotnm biangulate, having an angular emargin- atiou in the middle Bibeactoides, gen. n., p. 236. 61 (GO) Base of pronotnm angularly produced. 62 (65) Frontal costa parallel-sided, not or scarcely wider between antennae, its margins gene- rally obtuse and smooth. 63 (64) Tegmina fully developed, ob- liquely truncate at apex. . . . Coptacba, Stal, p. 238. 64 (6-3) Tegmina short, scarcely longer than pronotuni, narrowed towards apex Coptaceella, Bol., p. 239. 65 (62) Frontal costa distinctly wddened between antennsB and Avider than the vertex between the eves ; tegmina obliquely ti'uncate at apex Eucoptacea, Bol., p. 240. 66 (57) Dorsal carina of prouotum cut by the third groove only ; tegmina fully developed, obliquely truncate at apex . . Epistaurus, Boh, p. 242. 67 (42) Prosterual' tubercle cylindrical, obtuse at apex. 68 (69) Metasternal lobes in both sexes contiguous, rarely slightly separated in female ; pos- terior tibiaj with at least nine spines on the outside . . Catantops, Schaum, p. 246. catantopix-t:. 195 69 (68) Metasternal lobes widelj^ sepa- rated in female ; posterior tibise with eight spines on [p. Soi. outside Stenochobylus, Gerst., 70 (35) Pronotum with lateral carinse, sometimes somewhat broken up posteriorly by punctu- ation. 71 (78) Hind femora short and very thick, their upper edge toothed. 72 (73) Eody depressed ; pronotum very tlat and broad, pro- duced angularly at the base, the produced part equal in lengtli to the anterior por- tion ; lateral carinas very obscure ; tegmina and wings short .". BnACHYXENiA, gen. n., p. 256. 73 (72) Body of normal form. 74 (77) Tegmina and wings fully de- veloped. 75 (76) Lateral carinse of pronotum nearly rectilinear, complete . CaloptExXOPSIS, BoL, p. 258. 76 (75) Lateral carinse of pronotum slighily fiexuous, almost ob- literated posteriorly hj coarse punctuation Kripa, gen. n., p. 257. 77 (74) Tegmina short, ovate Peuipolus, Mart., p. 261. 78 (71) Hind femora comparatively slender, much narrowed towards knees, extending beyond apex of abdomen, not or scarcely denticulate. 79 (80) Prosterniil lobe bilobed at apex ; posterior tibite with 13-15 spines on outer edge Tylotbopidius, Stal, p. 265. 80 (79) Prosternal lobe simple. 81 (82) Prosternal lobe acuminate, bent backwards at an angle about the middle ; posterior tibite with about 12 spines on outer edge Hetekacris, Walk., p. 262. 82 (81) Prosternal lobe straight, obtuse at apex ; posterior tibije with 8-10 spines on outer edge. 83 (84) Tegmina and wings fully [p. 2()7. developed Eupuepocnemis, Fieb., 84 (83) Tegmina and wings short .... PARAEUPREPOCNEMis,Brnnn., [p. 266. o2 li)() CATANTOPIN.E. Genus EUTHYMIA. Euthrjmia, StSl, Bill. Sveiisk. Akad. Ilaudl. iii (14), 187o, p. i>9. Type, Eulhymia melanocerca, Stal. liange. India, Ceylon, Borneo, Madagascar. Body rather short and stout, everywhere closely punctured; head obtuse, vertex and fastigium sloping into the front, which is very broad, with the carinse converging below ; the lateral carinae nearly straight ; eyes large and prominent ; antennae slender, long or short. Pronotum pubescent, not carinated, obtusely rounded behind, the transverse sulci well-marked, continuous, the hind sulcus placed beyond the middle. Tegmina and wings well developed, not longer than the abdomen, and usually shorter ; tegmina narrow, rounded at the tips, uniformly coriaceous ; wings more or less coloured or int'uscated. Legs rather stout, as long as the abdomen in the male and shorter in the female ; hind tibiae with from 7-15 spines, of equal length on both carinae, and with terminal apical spines above on both sides ; hind tarsi long, with the second joint half the length of the first. Pro- sternal tubercle obtuse ; metasternal lobes contiguous in both sexes. Supra-anal lamina of the male triangular, with the sides entire ; male cerci acute. Key to the S/tecies. Wings red kirbyi, Finot. Wings hyaline-yellow /inuti, sp. n. Wings blue-grey, infuscate at apex yreeni,'s^. n. 2'M. Euthymia kirhyi, Fin. Eutliymia kirhyi, Finot, Ann. Sec. Ent. France, Ixxi, 1903, pp. 622, 629, 630, tig's. 6, 7. Body very stout, light brown, with green spots and blotches. Head reddish brow n, with green markings above, finely punctured; antennae slender, 23-jointed, shorter than the head and pronotum together, rusty brown, darkest in the middle. Pronotum short, constricted in the middle, brown, with the deflexed lobes more vellowish, impress-punctate, rugose behind and with a very slight median carina, hind border obtusely rounded ; deflexed lobes with the lower margin nearly straight, and strongly rounded at the liinder angle; the transverse sulci dark, well-marked, the hind sulcus placed beyond the middle. Tegmina nearly as long as the abdomen, greyish brown, with dense brown reticulation and sub- hyaline areolae ; wings shorter than the tegmina, pale red at the base, with the tip and hind margin slightly clouded. Legs i-ather short ; hind femoi'a externally testaceous brown with greenish EUTHYMIA. 107 black spots; internally with a long black green-spotted space towards the base, and a greenish black spot on the apical third ; the lower sulcus blue-black ; hind tibia? pubescent, yellowisli brown, with the apical half reddish below, and ten black spines on each side, the inner row reddish at the base ; hind tarsi testaceous brown, the first two joints reddish on the inner side, the second joint only half as long as the first. Prosternal tubercle broad, truncated. Abdomen brown above, paler below ; supra-anal lamina of the female triangular, longitudinally sulcated in the middle ; cerci of the female narrowly conical ; valves of the ovipositor short, with the tip and borders of the upper valves blackish above. Length 34 mm. ; tegmina, 23 mm. Madras : Kodaikanal. 232. Euthymia fiiioti, sp. n. Light ferruginous brow n, the head clothed withgreyish pubescence. Antenna; slender, red, at least as long as the head and pronotum together. Pronotum and abdomen ferruginous brown above, the sides and under surface more or less whitish ; the pronotum thickly and rather finely impress-punctate, the abdomen smooth ; transverse sulci slightly marked, the hinder one placed about the middle of the pro- notum ; pronotum with a slight carina on the metazona, and the hind border obtusel}^ rounded ; de- fiexed lobes sinuated and upcurved on the lower margin, with the hinder angle rounded. Tegmina as long as the abdomen without the appendages, lighter than the pro- notum, and varied with pale spaces, especially towards the costa; wings clear hyaline yellow, almost to the margins. I'our front legs reddish brown, with thick grey pile ; hind femora shorter than the abdomen, the outer surface pinkish white, Avith rows of more or less regular moderate-sized black spots ; inner surface blue-black, with two white bands, one beyond the middle, and the other before the knees; hind tibiae reddish, thickly pilose, with 10 or 11 black-tipped spines on each side, darker on the inner surface, where there is a white band near the base : hind tarsi red, the second joint above only one-third Fig. 115. — FAiOnjinia finoti 198 CATAIS^TOPINJE. as long as tlie others. Valves of ovipositor bifid at the tips, with upturned points. Length '6i^ mm. ; tegmina, 33 mm. CjjIYLon : Trincomali. Type in the British Museum, 233. Euthymia greeni, sp. n. Dull yellowish brown, obscure]}' mottled with blackish. Head and pronotum rather thickly punctured. Tegmina subhyaline with reddish brown nervui'es ; wings greenish subhyaline, with brown nervures, and the hind margin rather narrowly bordered with brown. Legs with grey hairs, front and middle femora black, tibiae and tarsi testaceous, varied vi'ith black ; hind femora black, slightly varied with testaceous towards the tip ; hind tibiae and tarsi testaceous on the outer side ; tibiae black on the inner side, with a yellow band towards the base, and a bi'oad red space beyond the middle ; hind tarsi red on the inner side ; hind tibiae witli or 10 black spines. Length 43 mm, ; tegmina, 30 mm. Ceylon : Galgedara, Genus OXYA. O.rya, Serville, Ann. Sci. Nat. xxii, 1831, pp. 264, 286; id., Ins. Orth. 1839, p. 675. Type, O.vya hi/la, Serv., from Africa, Range. Africa, Asia, Australia. Head large, as broad as or broader than the pronotum ; fastigium obtuse, transvei'se, not contracted before the eyes, which are large and oblique, face very slightly oblique, almost vertical ; antennae filiform. Pronotum smooth, flattened, with the median carina slightly marked or wanting, metasternal lobes contiguous in both sexes, Tegmina narrow, obtusely rounded at the extremity, ex- panded towards the base on the costa, as long as the abdomen, subhyaline, irregularly reticulated, with large cells ; wings broad, rounded at the tips, and nearly as long as the tegmina. Legs long and slender, hind tibiae expanded at the tips, and with about ten spines on each carina, including an outer apical spine. Keg to tJie Species. 1 (2) Hind femora with the upper carina projecting into a small tooth , re/c.r, ¥. 2 (1) Ilind femora unarmed. S (4) Last ventral segment bidenticul.ate behind .... vidua, Brunu. 4 (3) Last ventral segment entire iitti icata, Stal. OXYA. 199 234. Oxya velox, F. Gryllm velox; Fabricius, Mant. Ins. ii, 1787, p. 239. Gn/lhos chmensis, Thunberg, Mem. Acad. Petersb. v, 181o, p. 2oS ; iySV«c;VJJLrWalker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 6G6. Green, with a broad black band extending from the upper half of the eye to the base of the teg- inina ; vertex often with two diverging brown lines, and sometimes the middle of tlie vertex and pronotum tilled np with a brown band. Tegmina longer than the hind femora, subhyaline, with rufous nervures ; the costa, which is rather suddenly expanded near the base, sometimes clouded, and the inner margin green. Legs green, hind femora Avith the middle carina ter- minating in a small tooth ; knees marked with blackish and reddish ; hind tibiiB, beyond the middle, and first joint of tarsi considerably ex- panded; hind tibiae blue with about 10 white black-tipped spines. Last ventral segment in female longitudi- nally bicarinate. Length 16-32 mm. ; expanse of wings, 33-60 mm. Kashmir : Baltistan ; Assam : Sylhet ; Bombay : Kanara ; Ceylon ; China ; Malay States : Singapore ; Java, &c. Fig. 116. — 0.v!/a vclo.r. The figure is taken from Walker's type of 0. (q^ta. 235. Oxya vicina, Brunn. Oxya vicina, Bnmner, Ann. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 18'Jo, p. 152. Very similar to 0. velox, but the pronotum uniform wood-brown above. Antennae longer than the head and pronotum together. Tegmina shorter than the hind femora, with the mediastinal area in both sexes gently rounded, and the border pale, not crenulated. Hind femora entire at the tip, the knees very slightly infuscated. Abdomen with the last ventral segment smooth, and the hind margin bidenticulate ; cerci not bidenticulate, obliquely truncated in the male. Length 27-38 nnn. ; tegmina, lS-o-31 mm. Himalayas ; China ; Japan, 200 C.VTANTOPIN.i:. 236. Oxya intricata, >StuJ. Acridium (Oxi/u) iNfricatiim, Stfil, EuneiiieV ilesa,()rtli. 1800, p. 3:];"). Olive-green or yellowish, slightl}^ pubescent, shining. Fas- tigiuui of the vertex obtuse; vertex smooth, sometimes excavated in front of the eyes, shorter than broad ; a darlv brown or brownisli testaceous stripe behind tlie eyes, extending over the pronotum and pectus ; antennae filiform, one-fourth longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum thickly punctured, truncated in front and obtusely and roundly aiigulate beliind, with a slight median carina, which is obsolete in front ; two of the transverse sulci well marked. Tegmina ratlier longer than the hind femora, slightly narrowed towards the tips, the costa expanded towards t!ie base ; subhyaline, with brownish nervures, the inner margin sometimes green ; wings brownish hyaline, with brown nervures. Prosternal tubercle conical, pointed. Hind femora rather longer than the abdomen, moderately thickened, testaceous, at least at the tip, with the upper carina entire ; spines of the hind tibia> tipped with black. Male wdth the infra-anal segment triangular, obtuse; female with the last ventral segment smooth, with the hind margin entire, Lem/ih 18-35 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 31-04 mm. Ceylox ; China; Malacca; Java, &f. Fig. 117. — Tarlaleus cingalensis. Genus TARBALEUS. Tarh((/cu\ ]>nuiner, AbL. Senckeub. Ges. xxiv, 1898, p. 234. Type, Tarhaleus pilosxis, Brunn., from Gilolo. Range. Cejlon, Moluccas. Head short, broad, rugose in front ; eyes oblique, oval, closely approximating ; vertex passing into the front, frontal ridge shallowiy sulcate, broader above than below ; antenuse filiform, longer than the head and pronotum. Pronotum short, transverse, witli four transverse sul- cations, truncated before and beliind ; pronotvim and abdomen finely punc- tured. Tegmina and wings absent. Pront and middle legs rather sliort, hind legs long, pilose ; hind tibia; with a variable number of short spines, and with an outer terminal spine. Pro- sternal tubercle short, broad, obtuse, and indented; supra-anal lamina of female large, produced beyond the short ovipositor. TAKBALEUS. — HIEltOGLYPIlUS. 201 237. Tarbaleus cingalensis, sp. iiov. Apterous, uniform olive-green or rusty brown ; legs pilose, hind tibia? with 7 small black-tipped spines ou each side, aiul with an outer apical spine. Lenr/th 28-45 mm. Ceylon. Ti/j)e in the liritish Museum. Genus CARYANDA. Cari/amla, Stal, F.ih. Svensk. Akad. llandl. v (4), 187S. p. 47. Type, AcricUnm (Oxi/a) si>urium, Seal. Bauf/e. Ceylon, Burma, Java, China, West Africa. Heacl and eyes large, prominent ; antenna; as long as head and pronotum together; tegmiua lobiform ; hind femora with the upper carina denticulate, hind tibia; not expanded, with 8 spines on the inner carina besides the apical one, at regular distances ; cerci of the male pointed ; last ventral segment of female smooth, not denticulated. 238. Caryanda sanguineo-annulata, Bmnn. Caryanda sanquineo-annulata, Brunner, Ann. Mas. Geneva, xxiii, 1893, p. lo4, pi. V, fio. .-)2. Olivaceous, with a black stripe running on each side from the eyes to the extremity of the abdomen. Front somewhat sloping, coarsely punctured. Pronotum cylindrical, with the hind margni truncated. Tegraina lobiform, lateral, half black and half olive. Hind femora olivaceous, ringed with red before the knees, which are black, the upper carina with a projecting tooth ; hind tibise and tarsi dull bluish, with a white ring at the base ; spines of the tibije white, tipped with black. Length 20-25 mm.; tegmina, 3-5-4 mm. BuEMA : Pegu. Type in the Geuoa Museum. Genus HIEROGLYPHUS. Hieroyluphm, Krauss, 8itz. Akad. Wiss. AN'ien. Malh.-nat. Cl. Ixxvi' (1),1877, p. 41. Type, Uieroyhjphiis daganejisis, Krauss. Range. China, India, Burma, Senegal. Size large, head very large, eyes wide apart ; i'astigium of the vertex short, convex, rounded in front ; costal ridge broad, entire, slightly sloping ; antenna? slender, tiliforra, much longer than the 202 CATATJTOPIX.i:. head and proiiotum together in the male, and as long or longer in the female. Pronotum as broad as the head, with the sulci very strongly marked, usually «ilh black lines. Prosternal tubercle acute ; meso- and meta-sternal lobes more or less widely separated, or contiguous in the male. Genicular lobes of hind femora poiiited, or rounded ; hind tibiie with S or 10 spines on the outer carina, and 10 on the inner. Tegmina subhyaline, very thickly reticu- lated towards the base, and with the costa only slightly expanded ; wings h_yaline, rather long, narrow and pointed. Male A\ith the cerci long, pointed or obtuse, with a tooth on the inner side ; sub- genital lamina long, conical, pointed ; female with the genital valves short, thick, curved, the upper ones very broad, with the outer margin creuulated, the lower pointed, and armed with a tooth beyond the middle. Key to the Species. 1 (6) Pronotum uiiicolovous. '2 (o) Pronotum with a longitudinal dorsal black line on each side. 3 (4) Black line straight, narrow ; epi- sterna with a small black line. biUncntiis, sp. n., p. 202. 4 (3) Black line broad, emitting broad lines down the side^*; episterna broadly bordered with black. . hettoni, sp. n., p. 203. 5 (2) Pronotum with narrow black lines in the transverse grooves banian, F., p. 204, coiiculor, 6 (1) Pronotum yellowish green, with [Walk., p. 204. the front and hind margins vellow citj-iuoliiiibatus, Brunn.. p. 205. 239. Hieroglyphus bilineatus, sp. nov. Hieroijhjphus bilineatus, Saussure MS. Yellowish brown (probably green in life). Scutellum of the vertex short, transverse, obtusely rounded and abnost ridged in front ; costal ridge sulcated throughout, incurved below the ocellus, lateral carinae incurved below the antennae, and then divergent. Pronotum closely punctured, with four sulci, the front one lateral, and from its upper extremity runs a black line back- wards to two-thirds of the length of the tegmina ; there is also a black rectangle on the lower part of the second suture, with a branch projecting forward, and an oblique black line above the middle pair of legs. Tegmina about one-third of the length of the abdomen in the female, and about half as long in the male. Hind femora with a black spot on each side above before the extremity ; hind tibiie black at the base, at least on the sides, and with 9 or 10 black spines on each carina. Male with the cerci obtuse ; female with the appendages bordered and tipped with HTEROGLYPHUS. 203 black, the lower ones pointed, and armed with a tooth below before the extremity. Length 22-36 mm.; tegmina, 9-11 mm. Bengal. Tijpes in the British Musenm. Mr. H. Maxwell Lefroy suggests that this is a micropterous form of H. banian. 240. Hieroglyphus bettoni, sp. nov. G-reeu or testaceous. Fasfigium of the vertex short, trans- verse, slightly convex and rounded in front, costal ridge sulcated throughout, "the lateral carinse only slightly divergent below. Pronotum finely punctured, with four sutures, the first lateral, the Fig. 118. Hicm/Ji/phKs heftoni. ^ . Fig. 110. Hicrogly pints bettoni (bracliyiJteroiis S)- second only dorsal, and the third and fourth coutinuous ; median carina slightly marked, most distinct on the hinder lobe : the lateral sutures heavily marked with black, and connected above by a black line running from the upper end of the first to the tegmina, and below by a black line connecting the first and third sutures ; the space enclosed is often white or yellow ; the spaces 204 CATAXToriN.Ti:, above the middle and hind legs ai-e also streaked with black, and there is a double row of black spots on the abdomen above. Femora black at tiie tips ; bind tibice blue, black at the base, and with 9 or 10 white black-tipped spines. Tegmina subhyaline, greenish at the base, longer than the abdomen, or abbreviated, with the prinei]3al iiervures black ; \\-ings hyaline, with brown or black uervures. Length 38-44 mm.; wings, 18-40 mm. Assam : C'achar ; Bombay : Moghal iSarai. Tupcs in the British Museum. 241. Hieroglyphus banian, F. Gryllus haniun, Fubricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl. 1798, p. lf)4. Acridimn furcifer, Serville, lus. Ortli. 18o9, p. 677, pi. xiv, tig. \2. Green, including the antenna\ Pronotum smooth, with four sulci, narrowly lined with black, the iirst obsolete above, the second on the sides, and the last two continuous. Tegmina subhyaline, densely reticulated and greenish at the base, with green nervures ; wings as long as the tegmina, greenish hyaline. The three sub- terminal ventral segments with silky tufts of hair on the middle. Hind tibiae blue, with black-tipped spines. Antennae with the basal joint yellowish green, the rest dark green, tipped with yellow. Subgenital lamina of male moderately long. Length 4.3 ii)m. Bombay : Kaphot ; Central Provixces : Bilaspur ; Burma : Bhamo. Type in the Paris Museum. Said to be destructive to rice in the Central Provinces, and to crops in general in Guzerat and Kattiawar. 242. Hieroglyphus concolor, Walk-. Oxi/a conco/or, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. r>.:\I. iv, 1870, p. 646. Hierdi/k/phiis tarsal is, .Stfd, Bill. vSvensk. Akad. Ilaiidl. v (4), 1878, p. 94.' Very similar to the last species. Antennie black, pale at the base, and at the ends of the joints. Pronotum finely punctured, the sulci narrowly lined with black. Hind femora with a black spot on each side at the base of the knees, or with a black crescent on each side of the knees ; bind tibia) blue, with the base black, or narrow ly ringed with black, and the tip, as well as the base of the first joint of the tarsi, black. Abdomen beneath pubescent in the middle, at least in the male ; subgenital lamina of male rather short. Ljength 41-02 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 48-75 mm. Bombay: Kanara; Assam: Sylhet ; Chin'a. HIEEOGLYPIIUS. RACILIA. 205 Tijpe in the British Museum. Appears to he commoner than the hist species, with which it is probably often confounded. 243. Hieroglyphus citrinolimlDatus, Brmm. HierotihjphuA citrinoUntlMlm^, l^)runner, Aim. Mus. Geiiova, xxxiii, 1890, p. 1-54. Yellowish green, antenna) black, witli the extremities of the joints yellow. Pronotum bordered with yellow before and behind. Hind femora marked \\\i\\ black before the knees on the inside, and in the male, also on the outside. Male with the supra-anal lamina long, pointed, sulcated in the middle; male cerci hairy, rather straight and pointed. Length 42-62 mm. ; tegmina, 30-37 mm. Himalayas ; Burma : Bhamo. Type in the Genoa Museum. Genus RACILIA. liacilui, Stfil, Jiih. Svensk. Akad. llaudl. v (4), 1S78, pp. 48, 94. Type, Racilia femoralis, Stfd. llamji'. Philippines, Burma. Head prominent; fastigium of the vertex triangular, rounded at the extremity, not transverse, front very oblique ; lateral carinje strongly divergent ; prosterual tubercle truncated but not indented at the tip ; genital valves of female unarmed ; hind femora with the genicular lobes pointed, hind tibiae not expanded, with 7 or 8 spines on the outer margin, the terminal spine nearly obsolete : tegmina and wings well developed. 244. Racilia aurora, Brunn. Racilia aurora, Bnmner, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxiii, 189."], p. 15o, pi. v, fig. 51]. Olive-brown, with a narrow lateral whitish stripe above, running from the vertex to the end of the tegmina, and another broader one running from the cheeks as far as the hind coxa3. rastigium of the vertex obtusely triangular; front olive-brown, thickly punctured ; cheeks white, with a vertical black band within the eyes. Pronotum thickly punctured, with the hind margin obtusely triangular. Tegmina narrow, obtusely pointed, longer than the wings, which are smoky subhyaline. Legs dull green, hind femora reddish towards the tips, knees black ; tibiae and tarsi blue, with black spines. Male with the subgenital lamina elongate-triangular, sulcated at the base ; cerci straight, hairy, bidentate at the tips. Length 22 mm.; tegmina, 16 mm. Burma : Teinzo. Type in the Genoa Museum. 206 CATANTOPIN^. Genus CERCINA. Cerchm, StfJ, Bill. Svensk. Akad. Ilaudl. v (4), 1878, pp. 49, 97. Cheeks and front sparingly punctured ; pronotum more thickly, especially above. Anteunse short and thick, rather shorter than the pronotum, with short joints; costal ridge slightly sulcated, -with parallel sides, and narrowed towards the base ; fastigium transverse, obtuse, nearly horizontal ; space between the eyes tM'ice as broad as the frontal ridge ; eyes slightly convex. Pro- notum pubescent on the back, truncated before and behind, with the median carina represented by a small line. Tegmina rudi- mentary, narrow, lateral, extending rather beyoud the median segment, about twice as long as broad, and more rounded on the outer than on the inner border. Hind femora about as long as the abdomen, the dorsal carina terminating in a very small obtuse tooth, genicular lobes pointed, triangular ; hind tibiae with seven spines on the outer margin besides the obsolete apical spine. Prosternal tubercle rather prominent ; metasternal lobes very slightly sepa- rated ; genital valves with the edges denticulated. 245. Cercina obtusa, Sial. Cercina ohtusa, Stfil, Bih. Svensk. Akad. Ilandl. v (4), 1^78, pp. 49, Olivaceous, shining, slightly pilose, with a darker band extending beliind the eyes across the lateral lobes of the pronotum ; hind tibite testaceous, Mitlj black-tipped spines. Lengtli 20 mm. Ceylox. Tti2:ie \\\ the collection of Brunner von Wattenwvl. Fig. 120. — Cercina ohlitsa. Genus CASTETRIA. Castetria, Bolivar, Ami. See. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 614. Type, Castetria dispar, Bol. Hanf/e. S. India. Fastigium of the vertex obtuse, obtusely and roundly angulate in front, carinated above in the middle, the margins slightly compressed, but rounded and punctured ; front oblique, the frontal ridge smooth or slightly sulcated, contiiiuous to the extremity of the clypeus ; antenna) short. Pronotum angulated CASTETBIA. — SPATHOSIEENUM. 207 behind, the back cylindrical, punctured, with the mediciu carinte more or less prominent, the margins smooth and shining; the deflexed lobes narro\^■ed towards the extremity, with the outer border angulated in the middle. Tegmina lanceolate, not longer than tlie pronotum, with the radial nervure forming a continuous raised carina. Prosternal tubercle transverse, compressed, suh- foliaceous, obtusely angulated at the tip ; space between tlie mesosternal lobes equally long and broad, with the margins slightly divergent behind ; the metasternal lobes not contiguous, but slightly separated behind the foveolte. Hind femora about as long as the abdomen, the tip not produced above the carina) ; hind tibiae with 8 spines on the outer carina, besides the apical one. Genital valves of the female with the borders denticulated. 246. Castetria dispar, Bol. Casletria dispar, Bolivar, Anu. Soc. Eiit. France, Ixx, 1902. p. 6U. ' Ochraceous brown, or partly green. A shining brown stripe behind the eyes, witii a pale border above and below, extending to the hind border of the lobes of the pronotum ; on the head is a second band lower down ; costal ridge smooth, sometimes slightly indented near the ocellus ; fastigium of the vertex obtuse, more transverse in the female than in the male. Pro- notum with the back smooth, impress-punctate, obtusely angulated behind, witli the hind sulcus placed more distinctly behind the middle in the female than in the male ; the median carina mode- rately prominent in the male, and slightly so in the female. Tegmina lanceolate, with the radial nervure raised, the tip slightly compressed in the male, and concave on the inner side towards the tip in the female. Legs olive, hind femora darker above. Abdomen varied with brown on the sides. Length 12-16 mm. ; tegmina, 2-3*5 mm. Madras : Madura. Genus SPATHOSTERNUM. Spathustenmm, Karsch, Sitz. Akad. Wis:^. Wieii, ]Math -uat CI Ixxvi (1), 1877, p. 44. Type, Trisiria nif/rotceaiata, Stal. llaiKje. India, Siam, West Africa. Size rather small. Head and pronotum convex and level, with parallel sides ; eyes very large, broader ; front very sloping, frontal ridge sulcated throughout; anteiuite very short, often hardly longer than the pronotum, thick, iiliform. Pronotum tricarinated, longer than the head, rounded or smooth, obtusely angulated behind. Prosternal process straight, transverse, slightly curved backwards, longitudinally impressed, base narrow, apex 208 CATA>.T()PIX.E. broad, eniarginate, bilobate ; inesosternal lobes distant; nieta- sternal lobes contiguous. Tegmina narrow, rounded at the extremity, with close transverse nervules between the two radial nervures. Hind tibiae long and slender, hardly dilated, with U or 10 spines, besides the apical one. Female with the valves rather short, the upper borders crenulated or smootli, the lower ones armed with a small tooth behind tlie middle. Key to the Specie!^. Postocular iDand well marked prnsinifen/m, Walk. I'ostocular band obsolate, or suffused green .... veuulostim, 8t;il. :247. Spathosternum prasinifenim. Walk-. Jlctemcrisi?) prasinifevd, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. ]}.M. v, Suppl. 1871, p. 65. ? CahtfiteuHs calif/inosus, Walker, up. cit. 1871, p. 09. StcHohothnis sfrit/ulatus, AValker, op. cit. 1871, p. 82. Eufo-testaceoiis or green, with a broad blackish or dark green stripe running behind the lower part of the eyes and below the lateral carince of the pronotum. It is banded above by a narrow pale yellow line, and below by a broader one, below which again is another dusky band, bordered below with yellow. Tegmina light brown towards the base, and subhyaline beyond ; central area with a longitudinal black streak, generally almost obsolete in the male, and well marked in the female, but very variable, sometimes being en.tire, but more frequently with white transverse markuigs, sometimes numerous enough to break it into spots ; iuner margin ob- scure or reddish in tlie male, and generally green in the female ; wings hyaline, often clouded towards Ihe tip. Legs rufo-testaceous ; hind femora often more or less green, especially in the female, and frequently with a dark longitudinal band on the outer area; hind tibia) with 10 or 11 spines, and sometimes green. Lemjtli 13-20 nun. ; expanse of tegmina, 25-30 mm. Bombay ; Bengal : Pusa. Type in the British Museum. A very abundant and variable species. I am not quite certain whether caliginosus of Walker, from an unknown locality, should be included here; it is unusually green, and the abdominal appendages of the fejnale are unusually short. Fig. 121. Spathostci-num-pradiiifci SPATirOSTEUXUAf. — OX VK I; IlKL'ES. 209 248. Spathosternum venulosiim, *S'i«/. Spathonternwn venulomm, Stul, Bill. Sveusk. Akad. llaudl. v (4^ 1878, p. 97. Allied to the African /S'. nuiroUvniatum, Stfil, but smaller, and with the front less oblique. The lateral margins of the upper .side of the prouotum narrowly smooth, the rugae fine and slightly raised. Tegmina \\ ith a short broAA'n stripe on the disk, marked with whitish veins before and behind ; beyond the middle rather thickly reticulated, with very numerous transverse nervules between the inner radial nervures on the disk ; postocular band on the head and pronotum obsolete or greenish. Mesosternal lobes strongly diverging beyond the middle. Hind tibiae with about 10 spines in addition to the terminal one. Length 20 mm. InjJi.v(?). Type in the Stockholm Miiseiim. Genus OXYERHEPES. O.rijrvhepes, Stfd, (Efv. Vet.-Akad. Furh. xxx (4), 1873, pj). 40, 53. Typk, Ojjsomala Kneatitarsis, 8tal {twteusa, A\^alk.). li'ange. Oriental Region, Africa.. Body moderately stout. Eustigiiim of the head rather short, sloping, rectangular or obtuse at the tip, trout moderately oblique ; frontal ridge sulcated, narrower above than below, but not com- pressed ; antennte simple. Pronotum depressed above between the carinae, and punctured ; obtusely angulated behind. Pro- sternal tubercle conical or compressed. Hind femora about as long as the abdomen, the genicular lobes triangular, not longer than the tips of the femora ; front legs moderately long, middle femora extending to the base of the hind femora ; hind tibiiB with about 12 spines on the outer carina?, besides the terminal one. Tegmina and wings long, the former hyaline, opaque and UHUsely reticulated towards the base, hardly expanded on the costa ; wings hyaline, pointed, twice as long as broad. Male with the subgenital plate not compressed. 249. Oxyrrhepes extensa. Walk. Acrid in in e.vtfusiuii, Walker, Ann. Nat. Hist. (3) iv, lSo9, p. 222. 't Opsomala liiwatitavsis, h'tfil, Eujienie's Kesa, Urth. 1800, p. 324. IIeteracrii< straiiffiilafa, "Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 665. Hetcracris antica, ^^ alker, op. cit. 1S70, p. CG8. Olive-brown, pubescent beneath. Head as broad as the pro- notum. Pronotum rugose-punctate, nearly twice as long as the head, with three slender sulci, the last placed rather behind the P 210 CATAKTOPIX.E. micklle ; the mediau carinse raised, liax'dly intersected by the sulci, the lateral carinjB less strongly marked, the hind border I'ounded. Tegmiiia sixbhyaline, with rufous nervures, and some- times a longitudinal row of bro\\nish spots between the radial nervures ; wings hyaline, slight]}^ clouded towards the borders. Prosternal tubercle prominent, compressed, convex in front. JSubgenital lamina of the male long and pointed ; valves of the female with the tips curving upwards and downwards, and with a strong tooth at the base of the lower ones. Hind tibia) with 13 or 14 strong black-tipped spines besides the apical one ; first joint of hind tarsi long, grooved above. Length 40-60 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 57-10(5 mm. BuKMA : Kachin Hills ; Ceylox ; Chixa. Type in the British Museum. JN'one of the specimens before me show the black line on the tarsi described by 8tal in his 0. Ihieat'itarsis from Hong Kong. Genus LEPTACRIS. Leptacris, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 670. Capellva^ Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, L\x, 190;:2, p. 616. Type, Leptacris fiUforynis, AValk. Range. India, Ceylon. Size large ; body very long and slender, nearly cylindrical. Fastigium of the vertex rather short and broad, nearly horizontal in the male, in the female sloping to the apex, which is obtusely rounded in front and tricarinated from the eyes, behind which the lateral carinae are obsolete, but the median one, though not con- spicuous, is continued over the prouotum ; head nearly as long as the pronotum, frontal ridge oblique, sulcated, the bounding cariuse diverging downwards, and hardly reaching the extremity o£ the clypeus, the space between coai'sely punctured, the lateral carinse running from the base of the antennae obliquely backwards ; antennae inserted near the eyes, which are large, oval, brown, and striated with black. Pronotum thickly punctured, slightly rounded in front and behind, the hind sulcus placed beyond the middle ; the lower border of the deflexed lobes nearly straight, bordered with a silvery white band running from the antennae, the hind border slightly sloping. Pront and middle legs very short, front femora thi(!kened and punctured, hind legs long and slender, though the abdomen extends to three-fourths of the length of the hind tibiae, which are armed with 20 or 21 spines, and have an outer apical spine. Tegmina and wings well developed, but shorter than the abdomen. Prosternal spine small, slender, com- pressed, obtuse but not expanded at the tip ; mesosternal and metasternal sutures straight in both sexes. Male with the sub- genital lamina long, strongly compressed; female with the upper LEPTACms. 211 appendages pubescent, creuulatecl jibove, and tlie lower ones witli a sti'ong tooth below at the base. The described species are too little known for me to venture to tabulate them at present. 250. Leptacris filiformis, WcdL: Leptacris filiforDiis, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 670. CapcIIca argnitcovittata, Bolivar, \nn. See. Eiit. France, Ixx, 1902, p. (310, pl. ix, fig. 33. Pale olivaceous red, with a silvery band on each side, and with greyish pubescence below ; head and pronotum often banded with brown above. Eace coarsely impress-punctate ; fastigium and vertex depressed between the eyes. Tegmina hyaline, strongly veined, with pale uervures. Hind knees marked with brown on the inner side. Supra-anal lamina of the male lanceolate, channelled in the middle, and sinuated on each side near the tip, which is very pointed ; female with the upper appendages compressed, and narrowly sulcated above. Length 40-80 mm. ; tegmina, 37-50 mm. Madkas : Madura. Walker's type is unfortunately missing ; but I have little doubt of the identity of his species with that described and figured by Bolivar. 251. Leptacris maxima, Kamy. Iscltnacrida maxima, Karny, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-nat. CI. cxvi (1), 1907, p. 298. Antennae filiform ; fastigium triangular ; a silvery band running for half the length of the femora ; hind femora beneath con- colorous in the male, or with the lower carinse black in tho female. Length 62-82 mm. Himalayas. Type in the collection of Brunner von AV^attenwyl. 252. Leptacris greeni, sp. nov. Reddish testaceous, the head and pronotum indistinctly mottled w ith grey ; a white line runs below the lateral carinte of the head, continued as a broad silvery line on the lower border of the deflexed lobes of the pronotum to the extremity; then continued in yellow to the base of the middle legs, and more indistinctly to the base of the hind legs ; head smooth above, fac(^ very coarsely punctured, pronotum more finely ; hind femora with the outer area longitudinally white between tlie p2 212 ca'xantopin.t;. carinae ; tegiiiiua subhyaline, with reddish nervures ; wings hyaline. Lmcitli 70 mm. Cetlon. Type in the British Museum. Genus ISCHNACRIDA. Ischnacrida, Stal, Kecens. Orth. i, 1873, pp. 44, 87. Size rather large ; body long, cylindrical, with parallel sides, abdomen usually extending beyond the wings. Fastigium of the vertex usually not carinated, triaiigular, produced in front of a strongly-marked transverse suture just before the eyes,, which are large, oval, and prominent; face very oblique, frontal ridge narrow, the bounding carinje hardly diverging, the lateral carinas nearl}" straight : autennte distinctly ensiform. Pronotum rounded behind, the sulci only slightly indicated, the hind sulcus placed behind the middle, the lower border of the detlexed lobes nearly straight, the liind border slightly oblique. The pi-osternal tubercle small, conical, compressed behind. Tegmina long and narrow ; wings rather shorter and somewhat narrow. I'ront and middle legs short, hind wings rather slender. Male with the subgenital lamina long and pointed ; female with the appendages compressed. Key to tha Species. 1 (4) Wings unspotted. 2 (8) Winys stained Avitli pinlv towards the base, converyens. Walk. 3 (2) ^^'ings not stnined -with pink towards the base /arsalis, Walk. 4 (1) AVings spotted Avitli brown fttsca, Karny. 2.53. Ischnacrida fusca. Isckuiicrida fusca, Karny, Sitz. Akad. AViss. Wien, jNIath.-uat. CI. cxvi (1), i907, p. 301. IJrown ; antenna) broadly ensiform ; fastigium of the vertex hardly longer than broad ; a lateral silvery band ; tegmina with tine scattered bl'own dots ; hind femora concolorous on the inner side: subgenital lamina of the male hardly longer than the pronotum, not sulcated. Length, body (without appendages), 44 mm. Ceylon. 254. Ischnacrida convergens, Wall-. Opomala converyens, Walker, Cat, Derm. Salt. B.M. iii, Ls70, p. 511. ISCHXACRIDA. 213 Ischinncruln Ueniata, Sta^, (Efv. Vet.-Akad. Fiivli. xxx (4) lft73, p. 53. Ischnacrula te in the British Museum. Genus PSEUDOCARSULA, nov. Carsuld {?), Brumier {nee Stal}, Aun. 31us. Geuova, xxxiii, 189o^ pp. 137, 156. Type, Carsula tenera, Brunn. RaiKje. Burma. Vertex above smooth, with a transverse sulcus between the eyes; the fastigium obtuse, very pointed at the sides, without foveolpe; antennse inserted rather before the tip of the vertex, smooth in the male, in tlie female tectiform above and serrated ; frontal ridge compressed, pointed at the tip, with the carina) dis- tinctly diverging ; lateral carina) well marked, not diverging ; eyes not prominent. Pronotum cylindrical, punctured, with indistinct sulci, smooth in the male ; ^\ ith a median carina in the female. Tegmina not extending beyond the fifth segment of the abdomen. Pront and middle femora short,, the latter only slightly passing the hind coxfe. Hind femora compressed, pilose, the genicular lobes pointed, but not passing the knees ; hind tibite smooth, with about 14 spines, and a terminal one. Abdomen cylindrical, slightly carinated above ; male with the supra-anal lamina sulcated at the base, and very acute at the tip; cerci laminated in both sexes, pointed in the- male, and obtuse in the female. 256. Pseudocarsula tenera, Brunn. Camilla tenera, Brunner, Aim. Mus. Geneva, xxxiii, 1893, p. 157,. pi. V, fig. 53. Body pale fulvous above, the sides and the legs pale green ; hind femora pale blue. Length 42-52 mm. ; tegmina, 16 -17'5 mm. Burma : Karen Hills. Type in the Genoa Museum. XENIPPA. 215 Genus XENIPPA. Xcnlppa, StSl, Bihaiip-, Sveiisk. Akad. llaudl. v (4), 1878, pp. 52, 98. Type, Xenii)pa viridida, Stfil, from Kliartouiii. lianf/e. S. India, Sudan, Antenna; distant from the eyes, ensifonn ; fastigium of the vertex very long and slender, smooth, carinated, a transverse hulcits between the eyes, frontal ridge not sulcated. Pronotum shorter than the head, the front margin sinuated, the lateral lobes straight. Prosternal tubercle expanded at the tip, compressed and produced beliind ; mesosternal lobes contiguous. Front and intermediate legs rather short, hind femora much shorter than the abdomen, the genicular lobes narrow, triangular, and slightly produced ; hind tibiae with about 12 spines. 257. Xenippa prasina, Bol. Xeiiippa prasiiia, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 617. Green, with grey pilosity beneath. Head half as long again as the pronotum, cylindrical behind the eyes ; fastigium of the vertex half as long as the head, distinctly narrowed, tectiform, distinctly carinated toward the tip ; vertex with a very slight carina, the longitudinal spaces on each side punctured, transverse sulcus between the eyes slight or obsolete ; the front distinctly narrowed throughout all its length, the frontal ridge not sulcated, and its basal third compressed, expanded towards the tip, and distinctly margined on the sides, the lateral carinse well marked and con- tinuous. Antennte ensiform, long, rather narrow. Pronotum smooth, coarsely punctured in front, and more finely behind, with the metazona very slightly carinated, produced and obtusely rounded at the base; the deflexed lobes longer than high, the lower border nearly straight, with a narrow callous yellow margin ; uieso- and meta-notum punctured on the sides ; a yellow carina extending from the hinder angle of the pronotum to the inter- mediate coxa;. Tegmina narrow, hyaline, with green nervures, the tips obtuselv rounded, and extending beyond the hind femora; wings red, welfdeveloped. Legs short, front tibioe as short as the froni; tarsi, hind femora narrow, hind tibia; with black-tipped .spines. LetK/th 35 mm. ; tegmina, 21 mm. Madras : Madura. lyjie in tlie collection of M. Pantel. 2] 6 CATANTOPIN-Ti. Genus GELASTORRHINUS. Geldstorrhijiu^, ]>niniier, Ann. Mus. Genova, x.vxiii, 1{X)3, pp. 137, 157. Type, Gelastovrhinus alboUiieatus, Bi'uiin. Range, Indian Kegion, Africa, jMadagasear. Body long, moderately slender, vertex short; antennae long, ensit'orm, slightly remote from the eye ; front very oblique, frontal ridge sulcated, with the middle carina? sliglitly diverging, and the lateral carinse straight. Tegmina and wings long, narrow, and pointed. Pronotuin smooth, triearinated ; ])rosternnin with a very small tooth. Front and middle legs short, hind legs long and slender; hind femora carinated above, terminating in two pointed lobes; hind tibiaj with i;3-20 spines on each carina, but no out:;r terminal spine. Abdomen compressed ; supra-anal lamina of male pointed, sulcated ; eerci in both sexes depressed, pointed or rounded ; upper abdominal appendages unarmed in the male, the lower ones slightly denticulated in both sexes. Key to the Sj)ecies. 1 (2) AnteiinJB very long, only slightly thickened at base Jilatus^ Walk., p. 216. 2 (1) Antennte shorter, nuich tliickened and tiattened at base. 3 (4) Tegmina uniform j'ellowisli ureen . laticumis, Serv., p. 217. 4 (3) Tegmina not uniform yellowish green. 5 (t!) Rostrum separated from vertex by a triangular sulcus ; nntennie as long as he.nd and pronotum together soiiijiictus, Walk., p. 217. G (o) liostruni separated from vertex by an arched sulcus ; an tenn;e longer than head and pronotum to- gether. 7 (8) Tegmina lined witli white (tlholinedlus, Bvunn., p. 218. 8 (7) Tegmina not lined with white. . . . selache, Burr, p. 218. 258. Gelastorrhinus (?) filatiis, WaU:. Mesopsjilatus, AValker, Cat. Berm. Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, p. 502. Rufo-testaceous above, and the sides probably yellowish green. Fastigium of the vertex rather long, obtusely angulated at the extremity, separated from the vertex by a curved sulcus ; antennje more than lialf the length of the body, long and slender, narrowly ensiform towards the base ; head about as long as the pronotum, frontal ridge sulcated, the carinae diverging towards the extremity. Pronotum with two distinct carinae, the first about the middle, the second at three-fourths of its length ; hind border obtusely rounded, GELASTORRIIINUS. 217 iiiiid lobe finely griiuulated; lateral cariiue parallel, with a straight dark line running backwards from the eye bordering the lateral carinte on the outer side. Teginina long and very acute, hyaline, with rufous nervures, costa probably greenish, bind border ( perhaps) whitish ; wings hyaline, considera lily sliorter than the tegniina. Legs apparently green, varied witli reddish, hind tibiae with about 15 small black-tipped spines. Leuijtli 25-2(5 mm. ; exjianse of tegmina, 51-53 unn. North India. Tjipe in the British Museiim. Described from two poor male specimens, bleached by spirits. 259. Gelastorrhinus (?) laticornis, Seru. Opomala latic(jr>iis, Serville, Ins. Ortli. 18o9, p. 5U0. Body, liead, and legs delicate green. Head large, conical, the four frontal carime prominent ; frontal ridge broad, carinated latei^ally and in front, the front obtusely rounded. Pronotiim tricarinate ; a dark lateral stripe runs behind each antenna, interrupted by the eye, but beyond to thepronotum, and below the lateral carinse. Tegmina longer than tlie abdomen, narrow, linear, subhyaline, and obtusely pointed at the tips, un.iform yellowish green ; wings liyaline, as long as the tegmina. Antennae ensiform, long and flattened from the 4th joint to the 12th, beyond that rapidly attenuated, reddish, with the two basal joints and the front of joints 3-12 green. Len(/th 20-22 mm. Bombay. Ti/2)e in the Paris Museum. 260. Gelastorrhinus seniipictus, Walk. Opomala seniipida, AValker, Cat. Derm. Salt. J5.M. iii, 1870, p. 51i>. Geladorlbinus tnjxaloides, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Eiit. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 017, pi. ix, fig. .'U. ? Gelastorrhi/MS eda.v, pt., Burr, Trans. Eut. Soc. Loud. 1902, p. 181. Antennae, head, and pronotum rufous brown above, this colour extending in a band behind the eyes, and below the lateral carinjE ; the face and tlie sides of the bod}' yellowish green. Head smooth, rather shorter than the pronotum ; antennae about 17-jointed, half as long as the body in the male, rather longer than the head and pronotum in the female, ensiform ; frontal ridge sulcated, diverging below ;. vertex and rostrum separated by a depression roundly subangulate in front. Pronotum tricarinate, the lateral carinye slightly divergent behind, cut by two distinct sulci, the first about the middle, the second at about two-thirds of its length ; hind border obtusely rounded, space behind the last sulcus rather finely punctured. Tegmina long, pointed, hyaline, the nervures rufous, 218 CATANTOPIN-Ti. the costal area yellowisli green; Mings hyaline, wil\i brown, nei'vures, the nervures iu the costal area rufous ; wings pointed, rather shorter than the tegmina. Abdomen blackish brown, or towards the extremity reddish brown ; sides and under surface yellowish green, with three dark ti'ansverse bands near the base before the incisions. Front legs brown, hind legs mostly green ; hind tibiio green or red, with 17 '20 spines. Male with the supra-anal lamina oblong lanceolate, and the cerei compressed ; the subgenital lamina small, obtusely pointed. Lenurr, Traus. Eiit. 8oc. Loud. I'JOi'. pp. 181,. 182. Green, varied with red. Eostrum separated from the vertex by a curved sulcus, eyes red, a red stripe running from the eyes across the cheeks and along the lateral cariuse of the pronotum and the radial area of the tegmina ; antennae long? much longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum smooth, lateral lobes with the front and hind margins oblique and sinuated, the lower border nearly straight. Tegmina long, comparatively broad, hyaline, with the radial nervure reddish towards the base ; wings shorter than the tegmina, hyaline, slightly suffused with fulvous at the base. Lenr/tJi 47-60 mm.; tegmina, 34-54 mm. SiKKTM. T>/2>e in the collection of Brunner von Watteuwyl. L E 1- llC) Y A . — AV A C AT A . 21» Genus LEFROYA, nov. Type, Lefroija acut'q>muis, sp. nov. Ecinc/e. Bengal. Head very long, the rostrum in front of the e.yes longer than the pronotum; the hinder part of the head froui the front level of the eyes rather shorter than the pronotum ; head and pronotum hnely carinated tln-oughout, the carina on the head slightly tecti- forni ; face Aery long, frontal ridge narro\A-, sliallowl\- sulcated throughout, and slightly expanding towards the extremity, the median ocellus on a level with the front of the eyes, \^-hich are large and oval ; antenna? with the scape large and rounded, the second joint small and annular, the rest broadly ensitorm and tlattencd towards the base, tapering whip-like towards the tip, and longer than the head and pronotum together ; behind the antennse run straight lateral carina, below the eyes. Sternal tubercle small, inchniug slightly backwards. Tegmina and wings hyaline, long, narrow and pointed ; tegmhia longer thanj^lie wings, which are as long as or longer than the abdomen. Front and middle legs very short, hind legs slender, hind femora not much thickened at the base; hind tibice very slender, with about 10 small spines on the outer and ]G on the inner carina ; no terminal spine on the upper outer carina. 263. Lefroya aciitipennis, sp. nov. Brown or reddish brown, alxlomen and legs reddish ; a yelloAvish stripe more or less visible from behind each antenna running below the eyes and along th.e lower lateral borders of the head and pronotum. Hind tibijc and tarsi red: tegmina very long, narrow, and pointed, hyaline with rufous nervures ; wings narrow , pointed, shorter than the tegmina, hyaline, with fuscous nervures, except along the costa, where the nervures are rufous. Length 32-r)5 mm. ; tegmina, 27-43 mm. ; wings, 23-33 mm. Bengal : Pusa. Type in the Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa. Genus WACATA, nov. Type, Wacata c^i/Ionica, sp. nov. Jiange. Ceylon. Vertex horizontally produced before the eyes, as long as the eyes, rather longer than broad, subcarinate above, and obtusely rounded at the extremity ; face very long and sloping, median carina sulcated throughout, slightly expanding below; antenna? rather thick, very slightly tapering, longer than the head and pro- notum, and obtuse at the extremity. Body long, slightly com- pressed, apterous ; abdomen slightly carinated above in the female; prosternal tubercle small. Front and middle legs very short, hind leg3 long, hind tibiae with no outer terminal spine. 220 CATANTOPIN.i:. 2i)4. Wacata ceylonica, .sp. iiov. Olive - brown, aiitenuse ji;reeinsli or yellowish, transversely bauded with brown in the female; body long, linely granu- lated; behind the eye runs a black band dotted with white, nearly to the ex- tremity of the abdomen; legs green. Ceylon: Maha Illupulana, cJl. viii.liJlO, Trincomali, ix. 1911. Tijpe in the British Museum. Fig. 123. Wacttta ceylonica. Genus MESAMBRIA. Mt'samhria, 8tal, Bih. Svensk. Akad. llandl. v (4), 1878, pp. 2S, 7± Type, Mesambrla (jenicidafa, Stal. RaiKje. India, Ceylon, Celebes, Madagascar. Head as broad as the pronotum ; eyes very large and promi- nent, frequently projecting beyond the level of the pronotum ; fastigium smooth, scarcely closed at the extremity, and very slightly carinated; antenna? filiform, sometimes slightly thickened beyond the middle, rather longer than the head and pronotum ; frontal ridge sulcated, slightly projecting between the antennae. Pronotum rather longer than the head, generally more or less rugose, the hinder sulcus placed much behind the middle, the hind border truncated ; the middle carina extending over the pronotum and abdomen, and sometimes over the liead, lateral carina? obsolete, 'legmina rudimentary, lateral, as long as the first segment of the abdomen, liijjd femora thickened, about as long as the abdomen, hind tibite with G to S strong spines. Kcij to the Species. (4) Coloui" testaceous. (3) Abdomen with a continuous dark unspotted lateral baud nepalensis, \S'a]k., p. :2:24. (2) Abdomen with a dark lateral band bearing pale spots above f/eniculata, Stal, p. 223. (1) Colour dark brown. (6) Eyes pale yellow behind tarsalis, Walk., p. 222. (5) I'^yes of nearly uniform colour. (10) A slender yellow line above the eye. _ (9) A distinct yellow band below the eyes, face above and below blackish dubirr, Walk., p. 221. MESAMBRIA. 221 9 (8) Face yellow, ninttled with black, cinctifciiinr, Walk., p. 2)i2. 10 (7) No yellow line bordoriiiij;- the eves scabra, Walk., p. 221. 265. Mesambria sca"bra, W((Vi-. Caloptcnus scaber, M'alker, Cat. Denii. 8alt. 13.M. iv, 1870, p. 707, Dark brown, with blackish markings. Head with the carinas between the eyes above parallel, not expanded but truncated at the end of the fastigium ; frontal ridge sulcated, slightly punctured above, the carina^ and also the lateral carinas nearly straight ; a broad and irregular, but rather indistinct and ill-defined, black stripe running behind the eyes over the sides of the pronotuin and abdomen, and on this, on the middle lobe of the pronotum, stands a very large round depression, Pronotum and abdomen with a strongly marked median carina, and witii very large and crowded depressed punctures, becoming smaller posteriorly ; sides aud under surface of pronotum and abdomen paler than above, Tegmina narrow, parallel-sided, roundly truncate at the extremity, blackish on the costal half, and testaceous behind, extending to the end of the first segment of the abdomea. Hind femora thick, as long as the abdomen, with two indistinct brown trans- verse bands above, and black mottling on the lateral areas ; knees blackish on the sides : tibite testaceous, with 7 black spines on the outer and 8 on the inner carina ; prosternal spine short, thick, pyramidal, Leiir/tJi '2o mm.; tegmina, 4 mm. Bexgal : Bai'dwan. Ti/pe in the British Museum. 206. Mesambria dubia, Walh-. Acn'dium dvhiuin, "Walker, Cat. Uerm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 632, Dark brown, mottled with blackish ; head, pronotum, and abdomen above with large rugose anastomosing punctures, Fas- tigium of vertex triangularly expanded before the eyes, frontal ridge sulcatc, the carina) approximating above and slightly divergent below, the suture punctured, lateral carinas nearly straight, not prominent ; head blackish above and below, a narrow pale line running from the back of the head round the upper part of each eye to the base of the antenna?, a wide testaceous band running beloM' each eye across the front and sides of the head, and the palpi also pale ; antennae tawny to the middle, with long blackish spots, and blackish beyond the middle, Prosternal tubercle short, conical. Tegmina blackish, very short 222 catantopix.t:. and narrow, hardly extending beyond the middle of the first seg- ment of the abdomen. Legs testaceous ; hind femora moderately thickened, longer than the abdomen; hind tibiae curved, pale green, brown at base and tip, with G or 7 brown-tipped spines. Length ] S mm. ; tegmina, "2 mm. CByLOX". Tijpe in the British Museum. 2()7. Mesambria tarsalis, WaU-. Acvidium tarsale, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. G3l>. Dark brown, thickly punctured over the whole of the upper surface ; median carina slight on the head, well marked on the pronotum and abdomen. Fastigiuiu of the vertex triangularly expanded \n front of the head, frontal ridge sulcated, rather more broadly below than above, lateral carinfe nearly straight ; eyes with a yellow crescent- mark behind, and behind this a broad black band hardly extending to the back of the head ; antenna? black, with long 3^ellow spines to the middle. Pro- notum with the hinder lobe testaceous. Legs dull green; hind femora moderately thickened, as long as the abdomen, knees blackish ; hind tibia? brighter green, except at the base, which is blackish, with an ivory-white spot above, and with 7 black-tipped spines on the inner and 6 on the outer carina ; hind tarsi blackish, first joint testaceous. Abdo- men blackish, sides with testaceous bands on the incisions ; anal appendages of female very large, hooked upwards and downwards at the tips, aud dentated on both sides within. Tegmina very narrow, linear, extending nearly to the extremity of the first segment of the abdomen. Length 28 mm.; tegmina, 5 mm. Type in the British Museum. This species is not improbably the female of M. dubla. Fig. 124. jMesamhria tarsalis 2C)S. Mesambria cinctifemur, WaR. Acrydimn cinctifemur, Walker, Adu. Xat. Hist. (3) iv, 1859, p. 223. Walker's description reads, "Fawn-colour, varied uith black, MESAMBEIA. 223 tuberculate, testaceous beneath. Head and anteniic'e mostly black. Jjegs with black bands. Hind femora of the usual structure ; hind tibia) glaucous, black and testaceous towards the base. Fore wings blacli, varied with testaceous. Hind wings grey. Leno-th of the body 10 lines." The specimen bearing the name, and the ostensible type, is a female, without antenna) and with only one perfect middle leg. It is blackish above, with large depressed punctures ; the fastigium triangularly expanded before the eye, and a median carina traversing the head, pronotum, and abdomen. The head below the eyes, a line behind them, and the greater part of the face are testaceous, the latter blackish at the sides above and below, and the spaces between the fore carina) shallow, and much pitted ; palpi yellow. The under surface of the body and middle legs are testaceous ; the back and sides of the abdomen are black, but 3 or 4 of the sutures are yellowish, with irregular yellowish markings on the sides between them ; the abdominal apjiendages of the female are slightly hooked at the tips, but not dentated. The tegmina ai-e brownish hyaline, somewhat expanded towards the extremity, and extend nearly to the end of the first segment of the abdomen. Length 2G mm.; tegmina, 4 nnn. Type (?) in the British Musevmi. It is very doubtful whether tiiis is the insect described by AValker, but it appears to be distinct from others on our list. 2()9. Mesambria geniculata, Stal. Mesuinbria (/enlculata, Stal Bib. Svensk. Akad. Handl. v (4) 1878, p. 7;J. Lighter or darker olive-browu. Antenna) long, more or less black towards the extremity; fastigium of vertex short, tri- angular, frontal ridge narrow, the sulure contracting below the eye, and slightly widening again, the lateral carina) indistinct; face and sides of head below the eyes yellowish, mouth-parts varied with black, palpi white. Up])er surface of body granulose, \\ ith a continuous median carina ; abdomen with a more or less distinct black band on each side, sometimes spotted with yellow above. Legs testaceous or reddish, the knees, base, and tips of tibiae blackish ; hind femora in the female blackish on the outer and inner areas ; hind tibiie with 6 or 7 large black-tipped spines. Tegmina brown, linear, extending to the extremity of the first segment of the abdomen. Length 18-29 mm. ; tegmina, 4-5 mm. Ceylon. T'ype in the (Stockholm Museum. 224 CATANTOPIN^'E. 270, Mesambria iiepalensis, Wall-. Caloptenus nepalensis, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 707. Testaceous, stout. rastigium of vertex short, triangular, frontal ridge rather broad, hardly sulcated and sliglith^ punctured, vertex very slightly carinated, pronotuni and abdomen more dis- tinctly ; behind eacli eye is a black line extending to the front of the pronotuni. On a level with the lower [,art of tlie eye is ai\ oblique black stripe on tlie sides of the pronotuni, hardly indicated on the hinder lobe, but continued on the pleura below the tegmina ; and beyond the first segment of the abdomen is a continuous black lateral stripe. Tegmina hyaline, moderately broad, extending to the end of the first segment of the abdomen. Hind knees marked with black on the sides, hind tibia" \\ith 8 or 9 black-tipped spines. Leiujih 20 mm. ; tegmina, "'ih mm. JS^EPAL. Tiipe in the British Museum. Genus ORTHACANTHACRIS. Orthacanthacris, Karsch, Stettin. Ent. Zeit. Ivii, 1896, p. 30.3. Locudii, Karnv (Limi. pt.), Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. -nut. CI. cxvi, 1907, p. 304. Type, Cyrtacanthacris JmmilicrKS, Karsch, from E. & W. Africa. Bange. Europe, Africa, W. Asia, India, Cev^lon. (Size large. Front perpendicular, vertex depressed, bordered with carinse in front of the eyes, passing insensibly into the suture of the frontal ridge, which is slightly contracted above and be]o^\" the antennsD, and is punctured between them ; antennae longer than the head and pronotum. Pronotuni with a strong median carina, cut by the usual transverse sutures, the hind suture placed about the middle, punctured, the hind border rectangular, ^^■ith the point rounded off, hind lobe thickened; tegmina and wings long or very long ; hind femora thick, rather shorter than the abdomen. Key to the >S2>ecies. [1 (6) Wings not red at the base. 2 (5) Wings banded witli black. 3 (4) Wings hyaline,with a broad black band before the middle cvgyptia, L., p. 2:?.">. 4 (3) Wings pale yellow towards the base, with a black band towards the hind border Jlavescens, F., p. 225. 5 (2) Hind wings not bauded with black, violaceous at base violascens, Walk., p. 220. 6 (1) Wings red at tlie base. ORTHACANTHACRIS. 225 7 (10) Hind femora banded with black and yellow. 8 (9) AnteuiijB black nifjricornis, Burni., p. 22%. '.» (8) Antennfe ijale vi/iosa, Walk., p. 228. 10 (7) Ilind femora not banded. 11 (12) Size large ; winji-s brighter red at base sitccincta, L., p. 227. 12 (11) Size moderate ; wiugs dull red at base jajjonica, IjoL, p. 229.] 271. Orthacaiithacris segyptia, L. Gryllus Locusta cetjyptius, Linnoeus, Mus. Ludov. Ulric. 1764, p. 138. Eecldish-gre_v, tegmina \\\i\\ indistinct brown annular marks towards the base, and short black dashes on the nervures towards the extremity ; sliglitly subhyaline, especially towards the tips ; wings nearly as long as the tegmina, at least twice as long as broad, hyaline, with a black semicircular band, varying in width, extending from the base of the costa to about the middle of the wing, and inwardly to the inner margin. Hind femora with more or less distinct transverse black bands above, interrupted black lines on the outer carinse, and the inner surface red ; hind tibiae dull violet with 8-11 large white black-tipped spines. Prosternal tubercle straight, conical. Length 32-06 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 87-130 mm. A common species throughout the Mediterranean Eegion ; and as it occurs at Quetta, it almost certainly crosses the north- western frontiers of India. 272. Orthacanthacris flavescens, F, Gryllus Jiavescens, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii, 1793, p. 52. Gri/llus Locusta crucifer, Stoll, Spectres, Saut. 1813, p. 30, pi. 146, iig. 51. Acridium semifasciatum, Serville, Ins. Ortb. 1839, p. 655. Acridiinn pardalinum, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, p. 587. Head yellowish above and behind the eyes, with two blackish bands sloping backwards from between the eyes ; the front depressed, black, with a red mark in the middle, and passing into the frontal ridge, which is blackish, moderately broad, sulcated and punctured, Avith parallel sides, the face varied with black and red. Antenna) black, longer than the head and pro- notum together. Prouotum strongly carinated, black, slightly varied witli reddish, and spotted with pale yellow on the sides of the front lobes ; the hind lobe slightly expanded, black, punctured, w ith longitudinal reddish lines ; the rest of the body greenish brown. Tegmina long, yellowish grey, subhyaline, with brown nervures and a row of spots near the extremity below the costa, and with indistinct dusky markings formed by thiclcened nervures Q 226 catantopin.t;. iuto irregular and indistinct transverse bands. Wings pale greenish yellow at the base, brownish hyaline beyond the middle, with scattered black spots towards the upper and outer parts of the wing irregularly arranged in broken longitudinal rows ; towards the hinder angle the yellow part of the wing is bordered Fig. 125. — Orlhaca n thacriti fla vcsccvs. by a smoky marginal baud darker than the outer part of the wing. Hind femora whitish, with longitudinal and transverse nervures reddish, the longitudinal ones interrupted by broken black lines ; genicular lobes large, white below ; legs other^^•ise mostly olive-green ; the hind tibioe with 8 outer and 10 inner red black-tipped spines. Le'iujth 65 mm. ; expanse of tegmiua, 140-150 mm. Madras ; Ceylon. Fig. 125 is taken from the type of 0. ixirdalinum, Walk. OBTHACANTIIACniS. 227 273. Orthacanthacris succincta, L. Gryllus Lociisfa succmctits, Liniifeus, Amoen. Acad, vi, 1763, p. 398. C'l/i-tacant/iacn's fusilinea, Walker, Cat. Derm, Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, ■p. 564 (bleached). Acridium elonyatinn, "Walker, op. cit. iii, 1870, p. 630 (bleached). Tegmina and wings very long ; head, prouotuni, and abdomen (in fresh specimens) varied with light greenish yellow and brown. Scutellum o£ the vertex short and expanded in front of the eyes, rendering it sometimes almost circular ; frontal ridge nearly Fig. 126. — Oriliacanfhacris iuccincta. straight and moderately broad, sulcated and punctured, the lateral carinije nearly straight and very prominent ; eyes oval ,; the face yellow, with brox^u stripes over the carinse, and below the eyes ; a broad baud runs over the vertex within each eye, and curves down along the back of the head ; antenuiB yello\\'. Pronotum very coarsely punctured, brown, with a broad median yellow a 2 228 CATANTOPINili. Stripe, continuous with that of the head, over the carina ; it is narrowly bordered ^^ith j^ellow before and behind, and more broadly below ; on the sides are two short parallel yellow stripes on a blackish ground, hardly extending beyond the hind suture. Abdomen brown above, Avith a row of long yellowish spots bordering tlie median carina on each side ; under surface pale. Tegmiua subhyaline, with a yellow basal stripe on the costa ; the centre is tilled up with brown and yellow quadrangular or oval spots, and on the apical third the nervures are marked with black streaks. AViugs smoky hyaline, strongly tinged with purplish red on the basal half. Legs dark browzi ; hind femora yellow, obliquely lined with brown on the outer surface ; hind tibiae with 8 to 10 white black-tipped spines. The dark markings of the tegmiua vary considerably, and are sometimes nearly obsolete. Length 50-62 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 116-135 mm. India; Ceylon; China; Sumatra; Jaya; Borneo. 274. Orthacanthacris nigricornis, Burm. Acridimn niyricorne, Burmeister, Ilandb. Ent. ii, 1838, p. 629. Acridiuni melunocorne, Serville, In.s. Ortli. 1839, p. 659. Body varied with black and yellow ; antennae black. Scutellum of the vertex only slightly depressed, frontal ridge nearly straight, sulcated, smooth ; head yello«% face \y[t\\ narrow black vertical stripes within the eyes, and behind them runs a broad black band on each side of the median yellow stripe across the head and thorax ; behind each eye is an oblique yellow stripe, and towards the extremity of the pronotum the black is bisected on each side A\ith yellowish. Pronotum coarsely punctured, the sides yellow, marked with small black spots. Abdomen dull yellow, more or less suffused with blackish. Tegmina dull yellow, subopaque, more or less blackish towards the base ; wings smoky hyaline, with the base tinged with red. Legs blackish, hind femora with broad yellow spaces spotted with black, hind tibiae with 8-11 yellow black-tipped spines, hind tarsi red. Length 43-55 mm.; expanse of tegmina, 90-127 mm. S. India ; Malay States ; Java, etc. 275. Orthacanthacris vinosa, Wcdh. Acridium yjwosiwi, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, p. 588. Almost uniform reddish brown, slightly varied with pale yellow behind the eyes and on the sides of the pronotum ; antennae yellowish. Scutellum of the vertex hardly depressed, frontal ridge only slightly sulcated, comparatively broad, thickly punctured throughout, and slightly narrowed at the ocellus ; lateral carinae slightly oblique. Prouotiun tliickly punctured, narrowly streaked with yellowish on the hind border. Tegmina OKTHACANTHACRIS. 229 brown, subopaqiie ; wings brownish hyaline, \\ith tlie base red. Legs brown, hind femora banded \\ith Ughter and darl\:er brown, and whitish on the sides ; hind tibia) with 8-11 whitish black- tipped spines. Lenrjtli 50-64 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 94-120 mm. North Bengal ; China. Tijpe in the British Museum. 276. Orthacanthacris violascens, Wall-. AcridiiLin violascens, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, p. 587. Light brown, with a yello\\' stripe running from the fastigium of the vertex over the pronotum and the suture of the closed tegmina ; in some specimens this is red. Antennae yellow, or red, and there are also red lines (sometimes obsolete) below the antennae, in the suture of the frontal ridge, and along the hind borders of the head and pronotum. Fastigium of the vertex slightly expanded, and bordered with black lines running to the back of the head ; frontal ridge moderately broad, punctured above, and sulcated. and slightly expanded below the ocellus. Pronotum coarsely punctured, sometimes distinctly dai'ker on the sides of the yellow stripe above, and sometimes with one or two indistinct yellow spots on the side. Tegmina brown, with the inner margin yellow ; wings smoky hyaline, tinged towards the base with pale violet. Legs brown, with red tarsi ; hind femora with the outer and inner lobes whitish, M'ith oblique brown lines ; all the carinse spotted with black, knees marked with black, with the lobes large and white, or yello\\- ; hind tibiae with 8-10 large yellow black- tipped spines. Length 40-56 mm ; expanse of tegmina, 70 110 mm. Ceylon. Tyjye in the British Museum, 277. Orthacanthacris japonica, Bol. Acridium /tiponicuin, Bolivar, Ann. Mas. Geneva, xxxix, 1898, p. 98. Light reddish brown ; antenna) pale yellow, darker at the tips ; a pale yellow stripe running from the fastigium of the vertex over the pronotum and the sutui*e of the closed tegmina. Frontal ridge rather constricted in the middle, slightly sulcated, and punctured above and below; a broad blue-black stripe below each eye. Pi-onotum punctured, the sides bifasciated and bordered below with pale yellow, separated by blackish spaces. Hind knees darker, hind femora with 8-11 pale black-tipped spines. Tegmina subhyaline, brown towards the base, and spotted with brown longitudinally along the middle ; wings brownish hyaline, tinged with red at the base. In many specimims, especially 230 CATANTOPIX.E. females, the head and pronotum are almost uniform brown, and a curved black line crosses the vertex within each eye. Length 35-45 mm. ; expanse of tegraina, 68-90 mm. N.W. Frontier Province ; Sikkim: Gautok; Japan. Genus CYETACANTHACRIS. Cyrtacnnthacns, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, p. 650. Acn/dium, pt., Olivier, Encycl. Meth., Ent. vi, 1791, p. 209. Acridium, Serville, Ann. Sci. Nat. xxxi, 1831, p. 282. Type, Grijllus Locusta ratiaceus, Stoll. Range. Oriental Eegion. Differs essentially from Ortliacanthacris in the prosternal tubercle being very long and I'ecurved. Fig. 127. — Ct/rtacautJiacris rosea. Key to (he Species. Hind wings red at base IJ ind wiujjs not red at base rosea, De Geer. ranacea, Stoll. CYETACAKTHACfilS. 231 278. Cyrtacanthacris rosea, DeG. Acrydium roseum, De Geer, Mem. Ins. iii, 1773, p. 488, n. 3, pi. 41, ^?- 1- Gvyllus Jlavicorms, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. i, 1787, p. 237. C'l/rtacajithacris Jutescens, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B. M. iii, 1870, p. 50G (bleached). Ci/rtacant/tacris fortis, Walker, 1. c. 1870, p. 567. GreeD ; autennae ^-ellow. Scutellum of the vertex hardly depressed ; frontal ridge punctured above, smooth and sulcated below, with parallel sides. Pronotum strongly rugose, with the median carina forming a strong ridge. Tegmiua green, rather broad, obtusely and roundly truncate at the tips ; wings greenish hyaline, with the basal half tinged with red. Hind femora green, or with the sides yellower ; hind tibiae and tarsi purplish red, the foi-mer with 9-11 yellowish spines, which have the extreme tips black. Lcnr/th 45-80 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 105-165 mm. Assam : Sylhet ; Cxiixa ; Java ; Philippines, etc. 279. Cyrtacanthacris ranacea, Stall. Gryllus Locusta ranaceus, Stoll, Spectres, Saut. 1813, p. 30, pi. lib, tig. 53. Cyrtacanthacris inficita, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, p. 565 (discoloured). Reddish brown, mixed with yellowish or whitish. Antennae yellow ; head pale, with brown or blackish vertical lines below the eyes and bordering the carinas ; frontal ridge sulcated, with the borders slightly undulating, smooth in the male, punc- tured above and on the sides in the female ; eyes bordered behind with black or brown, a pale median stripe running from the scutellum of the vertex over the pronotum and the suture of the tegmina. Pronotum with fine scattered raised whitish granules, and the hinder lobe punctured in the female ; red, with the median carina and the borders ])ale, and a pale band on the side, which is much expanded and with dusky punctures on the hinder lobe. Abdomen and legs reddish ; hind femora with the outer central area whitish, the knees marked with black ; hind tibiae with QS whitish spines \\'\t\\ dusky tips. Tegmina yellowish .subhyaline, with a row of dark spots along the costa, and many irregular spaces on the median area bounded and reticulated with brown ; wings dusky hyaline, slightly tinged with yellowish towards the base. Length 45-55 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 82-112 mm. Arabia; Madras: Conooi-, Xilgiris ; Ceylon ; Siam. 232 CAXANTOPINjE. Genus SCHISTOCERCA. Schititocerca, Stfil, Recens. Orth. i, 1873, p. 04. Type, Gryllns Locusta tataricus, L. (Acridium peregrinum, Oliv.). Rancje. America, S. Europe, Africa, Western and Southern Asia. General characters of OrthacantJiacris, but the cerci of the male are rather short, compressed, and laminated, and the subgeuital lamina is triangularly emarginate ; in tiie female the cerci are short and pointed, and the lower valves of the ovipositor are not dentated at the base ; hind tibia? with about 8 spines on the outer and 11 on the inner carina. Fijf. 128. — Sclt/f/uccrca talarku. 280. Schistocerca tatarica, L. Gryllus Locusta tataricus, Linnteus, Syst. Nat. (ed. x.l i, 1758, p. 432. Acridiuin ipcreyrinum, Olivier, V'oy. Emp. Othom. iv, 1804, p. 388, note. Gryllus mifjratorms ^, Thunberg-, IMeni. Sc. Petersb. v, 1815, p. 244. Gri/llus rufescens, Thuuberg-, I.e. 1815, p. 245. AcridiuDiJtaviventre, Burnieister, Ilandb. Ent. ii, 1838, p. G31. Acridiuin ssllatum, Walker, Cat. l)erm. Salt. B.M. iii, 1870, p. 585. SCHISTOCEKCA. PELECINOXUi?. 233 Yellow or red, the face sometimes marked with vertical duskv or blackish lines ; frontal ridge smooth, only slightly sulcated, sometimes a median pale line with a darker border runs from the fastigium of the vertex over the pronotum. Pronotum thickly punctured, expanded and rounded behind. Tegmina long, sub- hyaline, covered w ith irregularly transverse brown reticulate spots ; wings more than twice as long as broad, hyaline, often slightly stained with yellow or red at the extreme base. Hind knees marked with blackish. Length 40-62 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 100-140 mm. Sixu ; Nepal ; Assam ; Ceylon ; Mediterranean Eegion ; Western Asia ; South and Central America. Linuteus confounded several species under the name tatarica ; but the present species appears to be the best entitled to retain the name. Genus PELECINOTUS. Felecivotus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 190i', p. 019. Type, Pelecinotus hracht/pterus, Bol. Range. S. India. Vertex very broad, and sloping to the vertical front ; frontal ridge very broad between the antenna), suddenly narrowed before the ocellus, and with the margins subparallel as far as the clypeus; antennae filiform, rather thick in the male, and slender in the female. Pronotum rather short in front, long and pointed behind, the hinder lobe shorter than the front lobe; the back compressed and cristate throughout its whole length, the crest more or less excavated, not interrupted by the sulci, which are obsolete on the summit of the crest. Tegmina rudimentary, short, broad, lateral, lanceolate ; wings obsolete. Legs thick ; femora with the outer dorsal area very broad, with the carinje spinose ; hind tibia? with the inner and outer rows of spines extending equally far towards the base. Keg to the Species. Head rugose ; pronotum ^Yith large depressed black punctures laterally brachyptevus, ]3ol. Head smooth ; pronotum with the crest more raised and without black punctures cristugalli, Bol. 281. Pelecinotus brachjrpterus, BoJ. Felecinofus bracliypterus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, lOOi', p. 620, pi. ix, tig. 35. Green. Head rugose, vertex almost perpendicular, slightly sloping ; antenna? brown towards the tips. Pronotum sharply tectiform, short in front, pointed behind, the median carina com- pressed, smooth ; viewed laterally, obtusely arched in the male, straight or slightly sinuated in the middle in the female, arched in front, and excavated behind, the sides with large black depressed 234: . CATANTOPIX^. punctures, the hind sulcus behind the middle of the pronotuni, the front area sparingly tuberculate, the hinder area thickly rugose-punctate, the liind border thickened, often yellow. Teg- mina rudimentary, lanceolate, as long as the liind lobe of the pronotum ; A\"ings very short. Hind femora spinose above and below, the outer carina with obtuse tubercles ; hind tibiae red in the male and yellow in the female, M'ith black-tipped spines. Supra-anal lamina in the male triangularly produced, pointed ; in the female rather compressed, with the tip obtuse ; subgenital lamina of the male compressed, carinated, and pointed. Length 20-40 mm.; pronotum, ll"5-20 mm.; tegmina, 6- 10 mm. ; hind femur, 13-19 mm.; hind tibiae, 12 mm. Madras : Kodaikanal. Types in the collections of Pantel and Bolivar. 282. Pelecinotus cristagalli, Bol. PJecinotKs cristac/alli, Bolivar, Anu. 8oc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 620, pi. ix, rig. 36. Eesembles the last-named species, but the head is smooth, not rugose ; the froutal carinae are scarcely raised and almost inter- rupted at the ocellus. The crest of the pronotum is much raised and arched, crenulated but only slightly compressed, and not punctured with black on the sides, the hind border broadly whitish, with the hinder angle pointed, but the lower part of the tip obtuse. Hind tibiae long. Length 21 mm. ; pronotum, 12 mm. ; tegmina, 5 mm. ; hind femur, 14 mm.; liind tibiae, 14 mm. Madras: Madura. Types in the collections of Pantel and Bolivar. Genus TERATODES. Temtocks, Brulle, Hist. Ins. ix, 1835, p. 222. Type, Grgllus monticoUis, Gray. Bange. India, Ceylon. Body stout; head broad, rounded above, face vertical; frontal ridge very shallow, parallel-sided from the ocellus to the clypeus, but the carinae diverging above to the antennae; antennae short, filiform, rather thick, widely separated at the base, with indistinct joints. Pronotum raised, large, sublaminately compressed, the front arched above the head in a point, the middle forming a high crest, denticulated, especially behind, and coveriug half the length of the abdomen ; the sides granulated, the extreme tip pointed and curved up. Prosternal tubercle pointed. Legs rather short ; hind femora with short spines on the upper carinae, and longer ones below ; hind tibiae with 9 or 10 very strong spines. Tegmina, opaque, longer or shorter than the abdomen ; wings hyaline. TEKATODES. BlBliACTE. 235 283. Teratodes monticollis, Gray. Gryllus monticollis, Grav, Griffith's Anim. Kingd. xv, 1832, p. 21o, pi. 64. Almost uuiform greeu ; the following portions are generally yellow, or occasionally reddish : — the autennse, a line on the whole crest of the pronotuni, the upper cai'inae of the hind femora and an arch on the knees, and the lower carinse and spines of the hind tibiae. AVithin the outer upper carina of the femora is sometimes a row of pale spots. Tegmina opaque, uniform green, very thickly reticulated ; wings pale greenish hyaline. Length 35-65 mm. ; pronotum, 25-45 mm. ; expanse of tegmina, 62-95 mm. Bombay; Ceylon. Ti/i^ie in the British Museum. Genus BIBRACTE. Bibracte, Stfil, Bib. Svensk. Akad. Ilandl. v (4), 1878, pp. 27, 71. Type, Acridium hagenhaclii, De Haan. Range. S. India, Indo-Malayan Islands. Body stout ; fastigium of the vertex projecting considerably between the antennae, face sloping ; antennae long, pointed at the tips ; pronotum with the median carina and the transverse sutures nearly obsolete ; tegmina and wings variable ; hind femora moderately stout. 2S4. Bibracte rugulosa, Bol. Bibracte riu/ulosa, Bolivar, Ami. Soc. Ent. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 620. Ferruginous brown. Front coarsely impress-punctate. Pro- notum obtusely sinuated behind, with the back rugose, obtusely tectiform, the hind sulcus placed much behind the middle, the deflexed lobes subangulated, the inner half rather shining, impress-punctate; before the hinder angle somewhat concave, thickly impress-punctate behind. Tegmina rudimentary, shorter than the pronotum, with the inner margin straight, and the outer margin very convex before the tip. Hind femora red beneath ; hind tibiae red, with yellow spines tipped with black. Supra-anal lamina somewhat compressed, sulcate above at the base. Length 24 mm.; pronotum, 6 mm.; tegmina, 4 mm.; hind femur, 4 mm. Madras : Kodaikanal. Type in the collection of INI. PanteL 236 CATANTOPINyE. Genus BIBRACTOIDES, nov. Type, Acridium inmctormm, AValk. Range. South India. Head rugosely punctate; front prominent, considerably produced between the antennae, and rounded into the frontal ridge, which is very narrow, sulcated, and parallel-sided throughout, the lateral carinse also nearly straight ; antenna? fihform. Pronotuin rugosely punctate, with raised granules, the median carina forming a ridge, cut by only two distinct sulci, the hindmost beyond the middle, hind border truncate-sinuate. Prosternal tubercle pointed, meso- sternal lobes transverse. Tegmina shorter than the abdomen, ex- panded on the costa, and obliquely and roundly truncate at the tips ; wings two-thirds as long as the tegmina, with the costal area produced and rather poiuted nt the tip; the hind margin deeply and roundly concave. Hind femora thickened at the base, finely serrated above, and granulated on the outer surface ; hind tibise with 8-9 spines. 285. Bibractoides punctoria, Walk. Acriflium puncturium, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. 630. Brown, very rugose, with black granules, colour paler behind the eyes, on the sides of the pronotum, and towards the costa and apex of the tegmina. Antennae tawny, slightly flattened, brownish towards the tips. Tegmina spotted all over with brown, the spots being formed of short connected streaks on the nervures, fi'equently transverse or oblique ; wings yellowish, with reddish nervures. Abdomen pale, with the hinder segments distinctly punctured. Hind femora pilose, pale, with ill-defined brown markings, the inner and under surfaces, as well as the hind tibiae and tarsi, red. Length 25 mm. ; tegmina, 18 mm. ; wings, 15 mm. ; hind femur, 18 mm. S. India. Tgpe in the British Museum. Genus ALECTOROLOPHUS. Alectorolojjhus, Brunner, Abh. Senckeub. Ges. xxiv, 1898, p. 244. Type, AlectoroJophus speciosus, Brunn. liange. India (?), Celebes, Lombok. Pastigium of the vertex strongly narrowed in front, and pro- jectiug considerably between the antennae, frontal ridge obsolete ; pronotum with a high lobate and serrate crest ; tegmina and wings rudimentary or wanting. ALECTOEOLOPHUS. APALyVCKIS. 237 28G. Alectorolophus bimaculatus, sp. uov. Stout, Wery rugose, brown, subapterous. Pronotum narrowed in front, expanded behind, with a high, quadrilobate serrated crest, deeply cut between the lobes by the sulci, and the hind border denticulated ; the lateral carinjB are also lobate and denti- culated. The mesonotuin is covered by what resembles ru.di- nientary tegniina, soldered in the middle and coucave behind, and _^v>^ Fig. 1-9. — Alectorolophus himaculatm. a. Side view of thorax. marked on each side by a large irregular black spot. Hind femora denticulated on the carinas, and marked with numerous black granules ; the median carina forms a strong spear-like projection above the knee ; hind tibisB about as long as the femora, A\"ith about 9 spines on the carinje. Len(/th 30 mm. ; hind femur, 20 mm. SiKKIM (?) T;f2)e in the British Museum. Genus APALACRIS. A2)alacris, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. (341. Type, Apalacris varkorais, AValk. Rancje. N. India. Body slender. Head and thorax rugose ; frontal ridge narrow, a little widei' between the antennae than the vertex between the eyes, gradually but very slightly narrowed to the clypeus, slightly constricted midway, somewhat grooved and punctured from the 238 CATANTOPIN.i;. ocellus to within a short distance of the clypeus ; anteunse very long, tiliform. Tegmina extended beyond the apex of the bind femora, slightly oblique and obtuse at the apex, but not truncate ; wings with comparatively few transverse nervures, Prosternal tubercle small, acute. 287. Apalacris varicornis, Wall: Apalacn's varicornis, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. B.M. iv, 1870, p. G42. Head and pronotum above of a slightly reddish brown ; front finely punctured, frontal ridge sulcated, narrow, with parallel cariuae, lateral cariuoe also straight; antennae very long, the basal fourth reddish, the rest black, except the last five segments, which are yellowish, tips pointed. Pronotum punctate - granulate, with the median carina and the three sulci slightly marked, the last rather beyond the middle, the hinder extremity almost rectangular, but truncated at the tip. Under surface of body and sides of abdomen yellow, abdomen shining black above. Tegmina testaceous, subhyaline towards the tips, where they are only slightly oblique ; wing nearly as long as the tegmina, hyaline, with brown nervures. Prosternal tu- bercle pointed. Front and middle legs yellowish brown ; front tarsi blackish, with a rather strong spine at the extremity of the first joint; hind legs yellowish, the femora with three oblique black bands connected by a black line along the lower outer carina, and with a curved black line on each side of the knees, hind femora very finely denticulated above ; hind tibiae slightly pubescent, with 9 or 10 rather small black-tipped spines. Lenr/tJi 18 mm.; expanse of tegmina, 35 mm. North India. Ti/jie in the British Museum. Genus COPTACRA. Coptacra, StSl, Eeceus. Orth. i, 1873, pp. 37, 58. Type, Acridium fceclatum, Serv. Rmuie. Java, India. [Vertex not broader than the frontal ridge ; frontal ridge thickly punctured, parallel-sided, very slightly wider between the antenuae than at the vertex; anteuntc more or less ensiform. Fig. 130. — Apalacris varicornis. COPl'ACRA. — COPTACRELLA. 239 depressed beyond the tliird joint, which is as long as or longer than the second. Pron»tuui with the three sulci slightly marked; prosternal tubercle pointed. Hind femora moderately thickened, slender towards the apex. Tegmina and wings well developed, obliquely truncate at the apex.] 238. Coptacra ensifera, Bol. Coptacra ensifera, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Eut. France, Ixx, 1902, p. 621. Brownish testaceous. Fastigium shortly tricarinate between the eyes, tlie middle carina produced backwards ; tempora well- marked, carinulate within ; frontal ridge impress-punctate, very slightly expanded and produced between the autennce, very slightly sinuated, front rugose ; antenna? distinctly ensiform, with the second joint evidently narrower than the following ones. Pronotum scabrous, rugose, bordered with grey bristles. Tegmina as long as, but not longer thaii, the hind femora, the distal area subhyaline, obliquely and narrowly banded \\[t\\ brown, with the tips very obliquely truncated ; wings yellowish liyaliue, with the radial area obliquely truncated at the tip. Legs dotted with grey hairs, the front and middle legs rugose ; hind femora with the upper outer area scabrous, and the lower outer area rather broad, black, and transversely rugose ; inner area red, with two more or less distinct brown bauds; hind tibia? red, with 11 inner and 9 outer black-tipped spines. Leiu/th 27 mm.; pronotum, 6"5 mm. ; tegmina, 25 mm. ; hind femur, 1G*5 mm. Madkas ; Madura. Genus COPTACRELLA. Coptacvella, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent, France, Ixx, 1902, pp. 622, 624. Type, Coptacrella martini, Bol. Range. India. Head (seen from the front) not expanded below ; frontal ridge continuous, iilmost everywhere equally broad, but slightly con- tracted below, though on the same plane ; somewhat compressed between the antennse, and in the male slightly expanded ; lateral carinse pointed, and nearly parallel with the carina? bordering the frontal ridge, lateral area of the front about three times as broad as the frontal ridge ; eyes oblong, separated above by a narrow- interval, about as broad as the frontal ridge ; vertex horizontally produced by arching continuously into the frontal ridge, with a carina on each side above between the eyes, often interrupted in the middle ; antenna; slightly longer than the head, depressed and narrowly ensiform from the tliird joint. Pronotum obtusely tectiform, the middle carina cut by the three sulci, and rectangular behind. Tegmina rudimentary, pointed towards the tips, with 240 CATAATOPIXiE. the marginal area convex and produced. Hind femora with the lower outer area black, with a slight longitudinal ca